Dental care and oral cavity: how to keep a healthy smile for many years - БАДы для здоровья и спорта | Качественные добавки

Dental care and oral cavity: how to keep a healthy smile for many years

I. Fundamentals of a healthy smile: why is it important and what the right care consists

A healthy smile is not only a sign of beauty and self -confidence, but also an important indicator of the general state of health. Caring for the teeth and oral cavity goes far beyond the simple use of a toothbrush and paste. This is a complex system, which includes proper hygiene, balanced nutrition, regular visits to the dentist and rejection of bad habits.

Neglecting teeth can lead to serious problems, such as:

Caries: Destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth caused by bacteria.
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, which can progress into periodontitis.
Periodontitis: A serious disease of the gums, leading to the destruction of bone tissue surrounding the teeth, and, as a result, to the loss of teeth.
Unpleasant odor from the mouth (galitosis): Often a consequence of poor oral hygiene or other diseases.
Increased teeth sensitivity: The reaction to cold, hot, sweet or sour.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system: The relationship between gum diseases and heart disease has been proven by numerous studies.
Complications during pregnancy: Gum diseases can negatively affect the course of pregnancy and the health of the child.
Digestive problems: Unhealthy teeth make it difficult to chew food, which can lead to digestive problems.

Proper care of the teeth and oral cavity consists of several key components:

Regular tooth brushing: At least twice a day – in the morning and evening.
Using tooth thread: Daily to remove food and dental residues from interdental spaces.
Using the rinseum for the oral cavity: To destroy bacteria and refresh breathing.
Proper nutrition: Restriction of sugar and acidic consumption.
Regular visits to the dentist: For preventive examinations and professional brushing.
Avoiding bad habits: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption negatively affect the health of teeth and gums.

II. Tools for a healthy smile: choosing a toothbrush, pasta, thread and rinse

The correct choice of tools for caring for the oral cavity plays an important role in maintaining the health of teeth and gums.

A. Toothbrush:

Type of bristles: It is recommended to use toothbrushes with soft or medium stiffness with bristles. Hard stubble can damage the enamel of teeth and gums.
Form of the head: The brush head should be small enough to reach all sections of the oral cavity, including hard -to -reach places.
Electric toothbrush: Electric toothbrushes can be more effective in removing denture, especially for people with limited hands mobility or orthodontic structures. It is important to choose an electric brush with a pressure sensor so as not to damage the gums.
Replacement of a toothbrush: The toothbrush must be changed every 3 months or more often if the bristles are worn out or deformed. It is also necessary to change the brush after an infectious disease.

B. Toothpaste:

Fluorine: Phthor is an important component of toothpaste, as it strengthens the enamel of the teeth and protects against caries. It is recommended to choose a toothpaste containing a fluorine in a concentration of 1350-1500 PPM (parts per million).
Abrasiveness: Abrasive substances in the toothpaste help remove the plaque and stains from the surface of the teeth. However, too abrasive toothpaste can damage enamel.
Specialized toothpastes: There are toothpasts to solve specific problems, such as increased sensitivity of teeth, whitening, the fight against tartar and gum diseases.
Toothpaste for children: For children, it is necessary to use special toothpastes with a lower fluorine content and a safe composition.

C. Tooth thread:

Type of thread: There are waxed and involuntary dental threads. The waxed thread slides easier between the teeth, but the involuntary thread removes the plaque better. There are also dental threads with fluorine and antiseptics.
Tooth ruffs: Tooth ruffs are used to clean the wide interdental spaces and around the braces.
Correct use technique: The tooth thread must be used carefully so as not to damage the gums. The thread should fit tightly to the surface of the tooth and move up and down.

D. The oral cavity roster:

Type of rinseum: There are rinses with fluorine, antiseptics, anti -inflammatory components and other active substances.
Using the rinseum: The rinseum must be used after brushing the teeth and toothbrushes.
Glorhexidine rinses: Glorhexidine rinses are effective antiseptics, but they are not recommended for a long time, as they can cause a change in the color of the teeth and flavor disturbance.
Rinsers without alcohol: It is recommended to choose rinses without alcohol, as alcohol can dry the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

III. Teeth brushing technique: step by step to perfect hygiene

The correct technique of brushing tooths is a key factor in maintaining the health of the oral cavity. Incorrect technology can lead to damage to the gums, insufficient tooth cleansing and, as a result, to the development of caries and other diseases.

A. Preparation:

Wash your hands before brushing your teeth.
Moisten the toothbrush with water.
Apply a small amount of toothpaste on the brush (the size of a pea).

B. Cleaning technique:

Bass method: Keep a toothbrush at an angle of 45 degrees to the gum line. Perform short vibrating movements to remove the gum plaque.
Circular movements: Brush your teeth in circular movements, covering all surfaces of your teeth – external, internal and chewing.
Language Cleaning: Do not forget to clean the tongue, as it accumulates a large number of bacteria that cause unpleasant odor from the mouth. Use a special scraper for the tongue or the back of the toothbrush.
Duration of cleaning: Brush your teeth for at least 2 minutes. Divide the oral cavity into four quadrants and devote at least 30 seconds to each quadrant.

C. After cleaning:

Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water to remove the rest of the toothpaste.
Wash the toothbrush and store it in an upright position so that it can dry.

D. Additional tips:

Do not press too much on the toothbrush so as not to damage the gums.
Change the position of the toothbrush during cleaning to cover all surfaces of the teeth.
Pay attention to hard -to -reach places, such as hind teeth and interdental spaces.
Use the tooth thread after brushing your teeth to remove the remaining food and plaque from the interdental spaces.
Use the oral cavity after brushing your teeth and tooth thread to destroy bacteria and refresh your breath.

IV. Tooth thread and interdental ruffs: secrets of brushing between teeth

The toothbrush cannot reach all sections of the oral cavity, especially to the interdental spaces. Therefore, the use of dental thread or interdental ruffs is an important component of care for teeth and gums.

A. Tooth thread:

Choosing tooth thread: There are various types of dental thread, such as waxed, involuntary, with fluorine and without fluorine. Choose a thread that is convenient and effectively removes to the dentition.
Technique of use:
1. Tear off a piece of a tooth thread about 45 cm long.
2. Wrap the ends of the thread around the middle fingers of both hands, leaving about 2-3 cm between the fingers.
3. Gently enter the thread between the teeth using sawing movements.
4. Press the thread to the surface of the tooth and move it up and down, cleaning the plaque.
5. Repeat the procedure for each interdental interval using a clean section of the thread.

B. Interred “Ershiki:

Choice of an interdental ruff: Integraduate ruffs are available in various sizes. Choose a size that is suitable for your interdental spaces. The brush should easily enter into the gap, but should not be too free.
Technique of use:
1. Insert a ruff between your teeth.
2. Perform movements back and forth, cleansing the plaque.
3. Rinse the brush with water after each use.
4. Replace the brush when he wears out.

C. Advantages of using the dental thread and interdental ruffs:

Removal of denture and food residues from interdental spaces.
Prevention of caries and gum diseases.
Improving the health of the gums.
Fresh breath.

V. Rinsers for the oral cavity: additional protection and freshness of breathing

Rinsers for the oral cavity are a useful addition to brushing tooths and toothbrushes. They help destroy bacteria, refresh breath and protect the teeth from caries.

A. Types of rinses:

Rinsers with fluorine: Strengthen the enamel of the teeth and protect from caries.
Antiseptic rinses: Destroy bacteria that cause diseases of the gums and unpleasant odor from the mouth.
Rinsers with anti -inflammatory components: Remove the gum inflammation.
Whitening rinsers: Help remove stains from the surface of the teeth.

B. Rules for use:

Use the rinser after brushing your teeth and toothbrushes.
Pour the required amount of rinses into a measured cup.
Rinse your mouth for 30 seconds.
Do not swallow the rinser.
Do not eat and do not drink within 30 minutes after using the rinseum.

C. Cautions:

Do not use pins with chlorhexidine for a long time, as they can cause a change in the color of the teeth and a violation of taste.
Choose rinses without alcohol, as alcohol can dry the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Do not give rinses to children under 6 years old.

VI. Nutrition for healthy teeth: what is there and what to avoid

Proper nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the health of teeth and gums. Some foods can contribute to the development of caries and gum diseases, while other products can strengthen tooth enamel and protect from bacteria.

A. products useful for teeth:

Dairy products: Rich in calcium and phosphorus, which strengthen the enamel of the teeth.
Vegetables and fruits: Contain vitamins and minerals necessary for the health of the gums. Hard vegetables and fruits, such as carrots and apples, help cleanse the teeth of plaque.
Green tea: Contains antioxidants that protect the gums from inflammation.
Water: It helps to wash off the remaining food and neutralize the acidity in the oral cavity.

B. products harmful to teeth:

Sweet products: Sugar is the main cause of caries. Bacteria in the oral cavity use sugar for the production of acid, which destroys the enamel of the teeth.
Sour products: Acid destroys the enamel of the teeth. Sour products, such as citrus fruits, carbonated drinks and vinegar, must be consumed in moderate quantities.
Sticky products: Sticky products, such as sweets and iris, linger on their teeth for a long time and contribute to the development of caries.
Shipy drinks: They contain a large amount of sugar and acid that are harmful to the teeth.

C. nutrition tips for healthy teeth:

Limit the consumption of sweet and sour products.
After eating sweet or acidic products, rinse your mouth with water.
Eat more vegetables and fruits.
Drink enough water.
Do not have a snack between meals.
Chew chewing gum without sugar after eating to stimulate salivation and neutralize the acidity in the oral cavity.

VII. Professional tooth brushing: why is it needed and how often to do it

Professional tooth brushing is a procedure performed by a dentist or hygienist to remove plaque and tooth stone from the surface of the teeth. This procedure is an important part of the prevention of caries and gum diseases.

A. What is a tooth and tooth stone:

Tooth plaque: A soft film consisting of bacteria, food residues and saliva, which is constantly formed on the surface of the teeth.
Tartar: A hardened dentition, which cannot be removed with a regular toothbrush. Tartar is a favorable environment for the propagation of bacteria and can lead to the development of gum diseases.

B. Advantages of professional brushing:

Removal of plaque and tooth stone.
Prevention of caries and gum diseases.
Improving the appearance of teeth.
Fresh breath.
Detection of caries at an early stage.

C. How often to do professional brushing tooths:

It is recommended to do professional brushing of teeth every 6 months.
People with gum diseases or other problems with the oral cavity may require more frequent cleaning.

D. Professional tooth briefing procedure:

A dentist or hygienist examines the oral cavity and assesses the condition of the teeth and gums.
With the help of special tools, it removes the tooth and tooth stone from the surface of the teeth, including hard -to -reach places.
It polishes the teeth with special paste to make them smooth and shiny.
It applies a fluorine -containing gel or varnish to the teeth to strengthen the enamel and protect from caries.
Gives recommendations for the care of teeth and oral cavity.

VIII. Brands and dental care: difficulties and solutions

Wearing braces requires special attention to the hygiene of the oral cavity, as the braces make it difficult to brush tooths and create favorable conditions for accumulation of denture and development of caries.

A. Difficulties when caring for teeth with braces:

Brands make it difficult to access the toothbrush to the surface of the teeth.
Around the braces accumulates a plaque and food residues.
The risk of developing caries and gum diseases is increased.

B. Recommendations for caring for teeth with braces:

Brush your teeth after each meal using a toothbrush with soft bristles and special brushes for cleaning around the braces.
Use the tooth thread daily to remove food residues and plaque from the interdental spaces. Use a special dental thread for braces or a thread.
Use the oral cavity with fluorine to strengthen the enamel of the teeth and protect from caries.
Regularly visit a dentist or hygienist for professional brushing.
Avoid the use of sticky and solid products that braces can damage.
If the bracket has peel off or broke, immediately contact an orthodontist.

C. Special means to care for teeth with braces:

Brectes toothbrush: It has a special shape that allows you to effectively brush your teeth around the braces.
Interd “ethnic groups: Used to clean around braces and between teeth.
Bratens tooth thread: It has a special tip that facilitates the introduction of threads between the teeth and around the braces.
Wax for braces: Used to protect the mucous membrane of the oral cavity from irritation with braces.

IX. Tooth whitening: safe and effective methods

Bleing teeth is a procedure aimed at changing the color of the enamel of the teeth and giving them a lighter shade. There are various methods of teeth whitening, both professional, performed in a dental clinic, and home, using special tools.

A. The reasons for the darkening of the teeth:

Age -related changes.
The use of coffee, tea, red wine and other coloring products.
Smoking.
Insufficient oral cavity.
Taking some drugs.

B. Methods of teeth whitening:

Professional bleaching in the dental clinic:
- Bleing using the lamp: A bleaching gel is applied to the teeth, which is activated using a special lamp.
- Intra -channel bleaching: Used to bleach tooths that darkened after the treatment of root canals.
Home bleaching:
- Whitening strips: The strips impregnated with a whitening gel are glued to the teeth for a certain time.
- Whitening caps: Packs made by an individual castle of teeth are filled with a whitening gel and put on the teeth at night or for several hours a day.
- Bleaching toothpastes: They contain abrasive substances that help remove stains from the surface of the teeth.

C. Safety of teeth whitening:

Before whitening tooths, you need to consult a dentist in order to exclude contraindications and choose the most suitable bleaching method.
Do not abuse bleaching agents, as this can lead to damage to the enamel of the teeth and increased sensitivity.
If you have increased sensitivity of the teeth after bleaching, use toothpastes for sensitive teeth.

D. Contraindications to bleaching tooths:

Caries.
Gum diseases.
Increased sensitivity of the teeth.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Childhood.

X. Desan diseases: gingivitis and periodontitis – symptoms, treatment and prevention

Gum diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are common problems that can lead to serious consequences, including teeth loss.

A. Gingivitis:

Symptoms: Inflammation of the gums, bleeding gums when brushing teeth, redness and swelling of the gums.
Reasons: Poor oral hygiene, plaque and tartar.
Treatment: Professional tooth brushing, improvement of oral hygiene.
Prevention: Regular tooth brushing, using tooth thread, regular visits to the dentist.

B. Perodontitis:

Symptoms: Inflammation of the gums, bleeding of gums, the formation of dentistry pockets, a recession of gums (exposure of the roots of teeth), mobility of tooths, loss of teeth.
Reasons: Gingivitis progression, genetic predisposition, smoking, diabetes.
Treatment: Professional tooth brushing, removal of tooth stone pockets, surgical treatment (if necessary).
Prevention: Regular tooth brushing, using the dental thread, regular visits to the dentist, refusal of smoking.

C. The connection between gum diseases and general health:

Studies have shown the relationship between gum diseases and other diseases, such as:

Cardiovascular diseases.
Diabetes.
Complications during pregnancy.
Respiratory diseases.

XI. Unpleasant odor from the mouth (galitosis): causes and methods of elimination

The unpleasant odor from the mouth, or galitosis, is a common problem that can negatively affect the social life and self -esteem of a person.

A. The reasons for the galitosis:

Poor oral hygiene: The accumulation of bacteria and food residues on the teeth, gums and language.
Gum diseases: Gingivitis and periodontitis.
Dry in the mouth (Xerostomy): Insufficient salivation.
Upper respiratory tract infections: Sinusite and tonsillit.
Some food: Garlic, onions, coffee.
Smoking.
Some diseases: Diabetes, liver and kidney diseases.

B. Ways to eliminate galitosis:

Improving oral hygiene: Regular tooth brushing (at least twice a day), use of a dental thread, cleaning the tongue using a special scraper or the back of the toothbrush.
Treatment of gum diseases: Contact the dentist for the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Increase of saliva: Drink enough water, chew chewing gum without sugar, use special sprays to moisturize the oral cavity.
Avoid eating products that cause unpleasant odor from the mouth.
Refuse smoking.
Contact the doctor to identify and treat diseases that can cause galitosis.
Use the oral cavity, refreshing your breath.

XII. Wisdom teeth: remove or not?

Wisdom teeth are third molars, which usually erupt from 17 to 25 years. The teething of wisdom tooths can be accompanied by various problems, such as pain, gum inflammation and displacement of neighboring teeth.

A. Indications for removing wisdom tooths:

There is not enough space in the jaw: Wisdom teeth do not have enough space for normal teething, which can lead to a displacement of neighboring teeth and a bite violation.
Partial teething: The wisdom tooth was not completely cut through, which creates favorable conditions for the accumulation of bacteria and the development of caries and inflammation of the gums.
Horizontal position: The wisdom tooth is located horizontally in the jaw and presses on neighboring teeth.
Caries or gum diseases: The wisdom tooth is struck by caries or gum diseases that cannot be treated.
Cyst or tumor: Around the tooth of wisdom, a cyst or a tumor formed.

B. Contraindications to the removal of wisdom tooths:

Good position and enough space: The wisdom tooth was completely cut through and is in the correct position, without interfering with neighboring teeth.
Severe diseases: Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, hematopoietic system or other serious diseases can be a contraindication to the removal of wisdom tooths.

C. The procedure for removing the wisdom tooth:

The procedure for removing the wisdom tooth can be simple or complex, depending on the position of the tooth and the presence of complications. In simple cases, the tooth is removed under local anesthesia. In difficult cases, surgical intervention may be required.

XIII. Tooth care during pregnancy: Special requirements

Pregnancy has a significant effect on the woman’s body, including the condition of the oral cavity. Hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy can increase the risk of gingivitis and caries.

A. Changes in the oral cavity during pregnancy:

Gingivitis of pregnant women: Inflammation of the gums, which is characterized by bleeding, redness and swelling of the gums.
Increased risk of caries development: Changing the composition of saliva and an increased need for carbohydrates can contribute to the development of caries.
Nausea and vomiting: Vomiting can lead to erosion of enamel of teeth.

B. Recommendations for teeth care during pregnancy:

Regular tooth brushing: Brush your teeth at least twice a day using a toothbrush with soft bristles and fluorine -containing toothpaste.
Using tooth thread: Use the tooth thread daily to remove food residues and plaque from the interdental spaces.
Professional tooth brushing: Visit a dentist for professional brushing every 3 months.
Proper nutrition: Limit the consumption of sweet and sour products. Eat more products rich in calcium and vitamins.
Rinse of the mouth after vomiting: Rinse your mouth with water with the addition of soda (1 teaspoon of soda per glass of water) after each vomiting episode to neutralize acid.
Inform the dentist about pregnancy: Tell the dentist about your pregnancy so that he can choose safe treatment methods.

XIV. Children’s dental care: where to start and how to instill useful habits

The care of teeth in children must begin from the moment the first tooth teething. Proper care of milk teeth is important for the health of permanent teeth and the formation of the correct bite.

A. When to start brushing your teeth to a child:

Start brushing your child’s teeth from the moment the first tooth is injected. Use a soft children’s toothbrush and a small amount of toothpaste without fluorine.

B. How to brush your teeth to a child:

Bright your child twice a day – in the morning and evening.
Use a soft children’s toothbrush and a small amount of toothpaste with fluorine (after 2 years).
Bright your teeth with circular movements, covering all surfaces of your teeth.
The duration of cleaning should be at least 2 minutes.
Encourage the child to brush your teeth yourself, but control the process until he learns to do it correctly.

C. Installation of useful habits:

Start from an early age: The sooner you begin to accustom the child to care for your teeth, the easier it will be for him to instill useful habits.
Show an example: Children study, looking at their parents. Bright your teeth with your child to show him how to do it.
Make the process interesting: Use bright toothbrushes, delicious toothpaste and funny cartoons about teeth brushing.
Praise the child for efforts: Encourage the child for brushing his teeth on his own.
Visit the dentist regularly: Regular visits to the dentist will help to identify problems at an early stage and teach the child the proper care of teeth.

D. Additional tips:

Limit the consumption of sweet drinks and products.
Do not let the child fall asleep with a bottle of milk or juice.
Chew chewing gum without sugar after eating.
Use fluorine -containing varnish or gel to strengthen the enamel of the teeth.

XV. Dry mouth (xerostomy): causes, consequences and methods of struggle

Dryness in the mouth, or xerostomy, is a condition characterized by a decrease in salivation. Saliva plays an important role in maintaining the health of the oral cavity, so reducing its number can lead to various problems.

A. The causes of xerostomy:

Medicines: Many drugs, such as antidepressants, antihistamines and drugs for the treatment of high blood pressure, can cause dry mouth.
Diseases: Some diseases, such as shegren syndrome, diabetes and HIV, can lead to a decrease in salivation.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy of the head and neck can damage the salivary glands and cause dry mouth.
Dehydration: The lack of fluid in the body.
Smoking and drinking alcohol.
Aging.

B. The consequences of xerostomy:

Caries: Saliva neutralizes acid and rinses the remains of food, so a decrease in its quantity increases the risk of caries.
Gum diseases: Dry mouth can contribute to the development of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Unpleasant odor from the mouth (galitosis).
Difficult swallowing and chewing.
Change in taste sensations.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (stomatitis).

C. Methods of combating xerostomy:

Drink enough water.
Chew chewing gum without sugar to stimulate salivation.
Use moisturizing sprays for the oral cavity.
Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking.
Talk to your doctor about the replacement of drugs that cause dry mouth.
Use toothpastes and rinses for the oral cavity designed for people with dry mouth.
Contact the dentist to obtain recommendations for the care of the oral cavity with dry mouth.

XVI. The effect of smoking on the health of teeth and gums

Smoking has a negative effect on the health of the whole organism, including the condition of the oral cavity. Smoking increases the risk of various diseases of the teeth and gums.

A. The negative impact of smoking on the oral cavity:

Increased risk of gum diseases: Smoking weakens the immune system and disrupts blood circulation in the gums, which increases the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Slow healing after dental procedures: Smoking slows down the healing process of wounds after teeth removal and other dental procedures.
Darkening tooths: Smoking causes darkening of the enamel of the teeth and the formation of stains.
Unpleasant odor from the mouth (galitosis).
Increased risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity.
Reduction in taste sensations.
Increase in the formation of tartar.

B. Recommendations for smokers for the care of the oral cavity:

Quit smoking: This is the best way

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