Health of teeth and gums: simple hygiene rules

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Health of teeth and gums: simple hygiene rules

I. Fundamentals of a healthy oral cavity

The health of teeth and gums is an integral part of human general health. Problems in the oral cavity can affect various body systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive. Maintaining a healthy oral cavity requires compliance with simple but effective hygiene rules, which should become part of everyday life.

A. Anatomy tooth and gums

Understanding the structure of the tooth and gums is necessary for effective care for them.

  1. Tooth:
    • Enamel: The hardest tissue in the human body, covering the crown of the tooth. Protects the tooth from the effects of acids and mechanical damage.
    • Dentine: The main tooth tissue located under enamel and cement. Sickname than enamel, and sensitive to temperature and chemical stimuli.
    • Pulp: The inside of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. Provides nutrition and tooth sensitivity.
    • Cement: It covers the root of the tooth and ensures its attachment to the bone tissue of the jaw.
    • Crown: The visible part of the tooth located above the Desna.
    • Root: Part of the tooth in the bone tissue of the jaw.
  2. Right:
    • Attached gums: Completely adjacent to the tooth and bone tissue, providing protection against the penetration of bacteria.
    • Free Desna: Surrounds the tooth in the neck and forms a groove.
    • Interdent papillae: Fill out the space between the teeth, preventing food stuck.

B. common diseases of the oral cavity

  1. Caries: The destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth under the influence of acids formed as a result of the activity of bacteria feeding on carbohydrates.
    • Reasons: Insufficient oral hygiene, frequent use of sweet and acidic products, reduction of salivation.
    • Symptoms: The appearance of dark spots on enamel, sensitivity to cold, hot and sweet, pain when chewing.
    • Prevention: Regular tooth brushing, using tooth thread, restriction of the use of sweet and acidic products, tooth fluoridation.
  2. Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums caused by the accumulation of plaque.
    • Reasons: Insufficient oral hygiene, hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty), smoking, some diseases (diabetes).
    • Symptoms: Bleeding gums when brushing teeth, redness and swelling of the gums, unpleasant odor from the mouth.
    • Prevention: Regular tooth brushing and the use of dental thread, professional brushing at the dentist.
  3. Periodontitis: Inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth (gums, bone tissue, ligaments). It is a progressive form of gingivitis.
    • Reasons: Surrounded gingivitis, smoking, genetic predisposition, some diseases (diabetes).
    • Symptoms: The bleeding of the gums, the formation of dental pockets, mobility of the teeth, the recession of the gums (exposure of the roots of the teeth), unpleasant odor from the mouth, pain during chewing.
    • Prevention: Regular tooth brushing and the use of dental thread, professional brushing of the dentist, talting of smoking, controlling the level of sugar in the blood with diabetes.
  4. Stomatitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
    • Reasons: Infections (viral, bacterial, fungal), mucous membrane injuries, allergic reactions, stress, lack of vitamins and minerals.
    • Symptoms: The appearance of ulcers, erosion, redness and edema of the mucous membrane, pain during food and conversation.
    • Prevention: Compliance with oral hygiene, avoiding injuries of the mucous membrane, balanced diet, and strengthening immunity.
  5. Tartar: A mineralized plaque, which is firmly attached to the surface of the teeth.
    • Reasons: Insufficient oral cavity.
    • Symptoms: A rough surface of the teeth, a change in the color of the teeth (yellow, brown), unpleasant odor from the mouth.
    • Prevention: Regular tooth brushing and the use of dental thread, professional brushing at the dentist.
  6. Unpleasant odor from the mouth (galitosis):
    • Reasons: Insufficient oral hygiene, gum disease, caries, dry mouth, some food (garlic, onions), smoking, some diseases (diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract).
    • Prevention: Regular brushing of the teeth and tongue, the use of dental thread, the use of a sufficient amount of water, the refusal of smoking, the treatment of diseases causing galitosis.

II. Proper brushing tooths

Tooth brushing is the main method of maintaining oral hygiene. The correct technique of brushing tooths allows you to effectively remove plaque and food residues, preventing the development of caries and gum diseases.

A. Choosing a toothbrush

  1. Type of bristles:
    • Soft stubble: It is recommended for most people, especially for those who have sensitive gums or have a tendency to bleeding.
    • Average bristles: Suitable for people with healthy gums that are not prone to the formation of tartar.
    • Hard stubble: It is not recommended for everyday use, as enamel and gums can damage.
  2. Form of the head:
    • Small head: Provides the best access to hard -to -reach places in the oral cavity.
    • Big head: It can be more convenient for people with a large mouth.
  3. Handle material:
    • Ergonomic pen: Provides convenient grip and prevents the sliding of the brush in the hand.
  4. Electric toothbrushes: It can be more effective than ordinary toothbrushes, especially for people with limited dexterity.

B. Choosing toothpaste

  1. Fluorine content: The fluorine strengthens the enamel of the teeth and prevents the development of caries. The recommended concentration of fluorine in the toothpaste is 1000-1500 PPM (parts per million).
  2. Abrasiveness: Toothpasts with high abrasiveness can damage tooth enamel. It is recommended to choose toothpastes with low or medium abrasiveness.
  3. Specialized toothpastes:
    • For sensitive teeth: They contain components that reduce the sensitivity of the teeth to cold, hot and sweet.
    • For teeth whitening: Contain abrasive substances or chemical compounds that help remove surface spots from tooth enamel. It is not recommended to use bleaching toothpastes daily, as they can damage the enamel.
    • For the prevention of gum diseases: They contain antibacterial components that help fight bacteria causing gum inflammation.
  4. Composition: Pay attention to the composition of the toothpaste. Avoid toothpasts containing triclosan (antibiotic), sodium lauryl sulfate (foaming agent, can cause irritation of the oral mucosa) and parabens (preservatives).

C. Teeth brushing technique

  1. Cleaning time: Brush your teeth must be at least twice a day – in the morning after breakfast and in the evening before going to bed. Each cleaning should last at least 2 minutes.
  2. Bass method (for a conventional toothbrush):
    • Place a toothbrush at an angle of 45 degrees to the gum.
    • Perform short, vibrating movements directed from gum to the edge of the tooth.
    • Clean each tooth separately.
    • Clean the inner and outer surfaces of the teeth.
    • Clean the chewing surfaces of the teeth in circular motions.
    • Clean the tongue with a special scraper or back of the toothbrush to remove bacteria that cause unpleasant odor from the mouth.
  3. Electric toothbrush cleaning technique:
    • Place the head of the brush on the tooth.
    • Give the brush to perform circular movements for a few seconds.
    • Move the brush to the next tooth.
    • Do not press the brush much.

D. Dental care

  1. Rinse the toothbrush under running water after each use.
  2. Keep a toothbrush in an upright position so that it can dry in the air.
  3. Change the toothbrush every 3-4 months or more often if the bristles are worn out or deformed.
  4. Do not use someone else’s toothbrush.

III. Use of dental thread (floss)

The tooth thread allows you to clean the interdental spaces where the toothbrush cannot get it. Regular use of a dental thread helps to prevent the formation of a denture and the development of caries between the teeth.

A. Choosing tooth thread

  1. Boiled tooth thread: It slides easier between the teeth than involuntary.
  2. Invalid tooth thread: Better cleans the interdental spaces, as it breaks down into fibers when used.
  3. Tooth thread with fluorine: Provides additional protection against caries.
  4. Tooth thread with flavor: It can be more pleasant to use.
  5. Tooth ruffs: Used to clean wide interdental spaces.

B. Technique

  1. Tear off a piece of a tooth thread about 45 cm long.
  2. Wrap the ends of the thread around the middle fingers of both hands.
  3. Gently enter the thread between the teeth using sawing movements.
  4. Do not press the thread on the gum.
  5. Wrap the thread around the tooth in the shape of the letter “C”.
  6. Perform movements with a thread up and down, cleansing the side surface of the tooth.
  7. Repeat the procedure for each tooth using a clean section of the thread.

IV. Rinsers for the oral cavity

Rinsers for the oral cavity help supplement the oral hygiene, removing food residues and refreshing breathing.

A. The choice of the rinseum

  1. Rinsers with fluorine: Strengthen the enamel of the teeth and prevent the development of caries.
  2. Antiseptic rinses: Contain antibacterial components that help fight bacteria that cause inflammation of the gums and unpleasant odor from the mouth. It is not recommended to use antiseptic rinses for a long time, as they can disrupt the balance of microflora in the oral cavity.
  3. Rinsers for sensitive teeth: They contain components that reduce the sensitivity of the teeth to cold, hot and sweet.
  4. Rinsers for teeth whitening: They contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, which help remove surface spots from the enamel of the teeth. It is not recommended to use whitening rinsers daily, as they can damage the enamel.
  5. Non -alcoholic rinses: Recommended for people with dry mouth and for children.

B. Rules for using the rinseum

  1. Use the rinse aid after brushing your teeth and using the dental thread.
  2. Pour a small amount of rinsing into a measured cup.
  3. Rinse your mouth for 30 seconds.
  4. Do not swallow the rinser.
  5. Do not eat and do not drink within 30 minutes after using the rinseum.

V. Proper nutrition for the health of teeth and gums

Proper nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the health of teeth and gums. Some foods can contribute to the development of caries and gum diseases, while others, on the contrary, strengthen the enamel of the teeth and support the health of the gums.

A. products harmful to teeth and gums

  1. Sweet foods and drinks: Sugar promotes the formation of acids that destroy the enamel of the teeth and lead to the development of caries.
  2. Sour products and drinks: Acids contained in citrus, carbonated drinks and fruit juices also destroy tooth enamel.
  3. Sticky products: Sticky products, such as caramel, iris and dried fruits, linger on their teeth for a long time, contributing to the development of caries.
  4. Starchy products: The starch contained in bread, potatoes and pasta turns into sugar under the influence of saliva, which can also lead to the development of caries.
  5. Shipy drinks: They contain a lot of sugar and acids that destroy the enamel of the teeth.
  6. Alcohol: Dry the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, reducing the production of saliva, which protects the teeth from caries.

B. Products useful for teeth and gums

  1. Water: Saliva contains minerals that help restore tooth enamel.
  2. Dairy products: Calcium and phosphorus are contained, which strengthen the enamel of the teeth.
  3. Vegetables and fruits: Contain vitamins and minerals necessary for the health of the gums. Solid vegetables and fruits, such as carrots and apples, stimulate salivation and help cleanse the teeth of plaque.
  4. Green tea: It contains polyphenols that have antibacterial properties and help fight bacteria that cause caries and gum disease.
  5. Chewing gum without sugar: It stimulates salivation, helping to cleanse the teeth from plaque and neutralize acids after eating.
  6. Products rich in vitamin C: It is necessary for the health of the gums. These include citrus fruits, strawberries, bell pepper and broccoli.
  7. Products rich in vitamin D: Help the body to absorb calcium, which is necessary for the health of teeth and bones. These include oily fish, eggs and mushrooms.

VI. Regular visits to the dentist

Regular visits to the dentist are necessary for the prevention and timely detection of diseases of the oral cavity. The dentist can conduct professional brushing tooths, remove tartar, identify caries at an early stage and give recommendations for caring for teeth and gums.

A. The frequency of visits to the dentist

It is recommended to visit the dentist at least once every six months for a preventive examination and professional brushing of teeth. People with an increased risk of developing oral diseases (for example, with diabetes, smoking, pregnant women) may require a more frequent visit to the dentist.

B. Professional teeth brushing

Professional tooth brushing includes removal of plaque and tooth stone using special tools and devices. Professional tooth brushing helps to prevent the development of caries and gum diseases.

C. Diagnosis of oral diseases

The dentist examines the oral cavity to identify signs of caries, diseases of the gums, anomalies of bite and other problems. If necessary, a dentist can prescribe x -rays of the teeth for a more detailed diagnosis.

D. Treatment of oral cavity diseases

The dentist conducts treatment of caries, gum diseases, removes teeth, sets seals, crowns and prostheses. Timely treatment of diseases of the oral cavity helps prevent their progression and maintain the health of teeth and gums.

VII. Special cases of oral cavity

In some cases, special care for the oral cavity is required, for example, when wearing braces, dentures, during pregnancy and in the presence of certain diseases.

A. Cavity of the oral cavity when wearing braces

Wearing braces makes it difficult to brush tooth, so it requires more careful care for the oral cavity.

  1. Brush your teeth after each meal using a special toothbrush for braces.
  2. Use the dental thread to clean the interdental spaces and the space between braces and gum.
  3. Use the oral cavity with a fluorine.
  4. Visit the dentist regularly for professional brushing tooth and examination.

B. Capacity of the oral cavity when wearing dentures

Tooth dentures require special care to prevent the development of infections and gum irritation.

  1. Take out the prostheses at night and store them in a special solution.
  2. Clean the prostheses with a brush and a special cleaning product for prostheses.
  3. Rinse your mouth after each meal.
  4. Regularly visit the dentist for inspection and correction of prostheses.

C. Capacity of the oral cavity during pregnancy

Pregnancy is accompanied by hormonal changes that can increase the risk of gingivitis and caries.

  1. Brush your teeth at least twice a day.
  2. Use the dental thread daily.
  3. Visit the dentist regularly for professional brushing tooth and examination.
  4. Observe a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamins.

D. Oral cavity in the presence of certain diseases

Some diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, can increase the risk of oral diseases. People with such diseases need to be especially carefully monitored by the hygiene of the oral cavity and regularly visit the dentist.

VIII. The influence of bad habits on the health of teeth and gums

Bad habits, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and grinding of teeth (bruxism), can negatively affect the health of teeth and gums.

A. Smoking

Smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of diseases of the gums, caries and cancer of the oral cavity. Smoking reduces the blood supply to the gums, which makes it difficult to restore and heal.

B. The use of alcohol

Alcohol dries the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, reducing the production of saliva, which protects the teeth from caries.

C. Grinding teeth (Broxsism)

Grinding the teeth can lead to enamel wear, cracks in the teeth, headaches and pain in the jaw joints.

IX. Oral cavity in children

Caring for the health of the oral cavity begins with early childhood. Proper care of the teeth and gums of the child will help prevent the development of caries and other diseases of the oral cavity in the future.

A. Cavior for the oral cavity in infants

  1. Wipe the gums of the baby with a soft, damp cloth after each feeding.
  2. Do not let the child fall asleep with a bottle containing sweet drinks or juice.
  3. Start brush your child’s teeth as soon as they stretch out using a soft children’s toothbrush and a toothpaste with a fluorine in the amount of rice grain.

B. Odid care in older children

  1. Teach the child to brush your teeth correctly at least twice a day.
  2. Help your child brush his teeth until he learned to do it on his own.
  3. Regularly visit the dentist for preventive examinations and professional brushing.
  4. Limit the child’s use of sweet foods and drinks.

X. Modern technologies in dentistry

Modern dentistry offers a wide range of technologies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity.

A. Digital radiography: Provides more clear and detailed images of teeth and jaws than traditional radiography, with a lower effect of radiation.

B. Laser dentistry: Used to treat caries, gum diseases, teeth whitening and other procedures. Laser treatment is often less painful and requires less recovery time than traditional treatment methods.

C. Computer design and manufacture (CAD/CAM): It is used for the manufacture of dental crowns, veneers and other restorations with high accuracy and aesthetics.

D. Implantation of teeth: Allows you to replace lost teeth with artificial roots (implants), which are integrated with the bone tissue of the jaw.

E. Orthodontic treatment using transparent elimers: Transparent elainers are an alternative to traditional braces to correct the bite. They are more convenient and aesthetic than braces.

XI. Myths about the health of teeth and gums

There are many myths about the health of teeth and gums that can lead to improper care of the oral cavity.

A. Myth: You need to brush your teeth only when they are dirty.

Fact: Brush your teeth must be at least twice a day, even if they look clean. The dentition is formed constantly, and it must be regularly removed to prevent the development of caries and gum diseases.

B. Myth: It is not necessary to use the dental thread.

Fact: The tooth thread allows you to clean the interdental spaces where the toothbrush cannot get it. Regular use of a dental thread helps to prevent the formation of a denture and the development of caries between the teeth.

C. Myth: whitening toothpastes are safe for enamel of the teeth.

Fact: Whitening toothpastes contain abrasive substances that can damage the enamel of the teeth. It is not recommended to use bleaching toothpastes daily, as they can damage the enamel.

D. Myth: Caries is only a problem of children.

Fact: Caries can develop at any age. With age, the enamel of the teeth becomes more vulnerable to acids, so older people need to be especially carefully monitored by the hygiene of the oral cavity.

E. Myth: If the gums do not bleed, then they are healthy.

Fact: The bleeding of gums is one of the signs of gingivitis (gum inflammation), but the lack of bleeding does not always mean that the gums are healthy. Periodontitis (a more severe gum disease) can occur without bleeding in the early stages.

XII. The connection between the health of the oral cavity and general health

The health of the oral cavity is closely related to the overall health of a person. Diseases of the oral cavity can have a negative effect on various body systems.

A. Cardiovascular system: Bacteria that cause gum diseases can enter the bloodstream and promote blood clots, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

B. Respiratory system: Bacteria from the oral cavity can get into the lungs and cause pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

C. digestive system: Diseases of the oral cavity can make it difficult to chew food, which can lead to digestive problems.

D. Diabetes: Diseases of the gums can aggravate the course of diabetes and make it difficult to control the level of sugar in the blood.

E. Pregnancy: Gum diseases in pregnant women can increase the risk of premature birth and the birth of children with low weight.

XIII. Home remedies to maintain the health of the oral cavity

In addition to regular tooth brushing and using the dental thread, you can use some home remedies to maintain the health of the oral cavity.

A. Rinse with saline solution: Rinse with salt solution helps relieve gum inflammation and accelerate the healing of wounds in the oral cavity. Dissolve 1/2 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth for 30 seconds.

B. Half up tea tree oil: Tea tree oil has antibacterial and anti -inflammatory properties. Add 1-2 drops of tea tree oil to a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth for 30 seconds. Do not swallow the solution.

C. Using turmeric: Turmeric has antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. Mix a small amount of turmeric with water and apply to the gums for several minutes. Then rinse your mouth with water.

XIV. The importance of early diagnosis of oral diseases

Early diagnosis of oral diseases plays a key role in preventing their progression and maintaining the health of teeth and gums.

A. Independent inspection of the oral cavity: Regularly inspect the oral cavity for signs of caries, gum diseases, ulcers and other problems.

B. Regular visits to the dentist: Regular visits to the dentist allow you to identify diseases of the oral cavity at an early stage, when it is easier to treat them.

C. X -ray pictures of teeth: X -ray images of teeth allow you to identify caries hidden under seals or between teeth, as well as other problems that are not visible during the usual examination.

D. Specialized examinations: In some cases, specialized examinations, such as a biopsy of the oral mucosa, may be required to diagnose complex diseases.

XV. Psychological aspects of the health of the oral cavity

The health of the oral cavity can affect the psychological state of a person.

A. Self -confidence: Healthy and beautiful teeth contribute to increasing self -confidence and improving self -esteem.

B. Social interaction: Diseases of the oral cavity, such as unpleasant odor from the mouth and bleeding of gums, can complicate social interaction.

C. Psychological stress: Long pain in the oral cavity can cause psychological stress and anxiety.

D. Depression: Studies have shown that people with gum diseases are more likely to suffer from depression.

XVI. Innovation in the prevention of caries

New methods of caries prevention are constantly being developed aimed at strengthening the enamel of the teeth and reducing the number of bacteria in the oral cavity.

A. Water fluoridation: Water fluoridation is the addition of fluorine to drinking water to strengthen the enamel of the teeth.

B. The use of fluorine -containing varnishes and gels: Forts -containing varnishes and gels are applied to the teeth to strengthen the enamel and the prevention of caries.

C. Using drugs with chlorhexidine: Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that helps reduce the amount of bacteria in the oral cavity.

D. The use of probiotics: Probiotics are living microorganisms that can have a positive effect on the microflora of the oral cavity.

E. Development of vaccines against caries: Studies are underway to develop vaccines against caries, which will help prevent the development of this disease.

XVII. Tooth prostheses myths

There are many errors around dentures that can affect the decision on prosthetics.

A. Myth: Tooth dentures look unnatural.

Fact: Modern dentures are made of high -quality materials and look very natural.

B. Myth: Wearing dentures is inconvenient.

Fact: With proper installation and care, dentures should not cause discomfort.

C. Myth: Tooth dentures require complicated care.

Fact: Caring for dentures is simple and includes regular cleaning and storage in a special solution.

D. Myth: Dentures are short -lived.

Fact: With proper care, dentures can serve for many years.

XVIII. The role of genetics in the health of teeth and gums

Genetics plays a certain role in the predisposition to diseases of the teeth and gums.

A. The shape and size of the teeth: The shape and size of the teeth can be inherited from parents.

B. The quality of the enamel of the teeth: The quality of the enamel of the teeth can also be hereditary.

C. The tendency to gum diseases: The tendency to gum diseases can also be genetically determined.

D. Sensitivity to caries: Sensitivity to caries can be associated with genetic factors.

XIX. Health of teeth and gums in old age

With age, teeth and gums become more vulnerable to the effects of external factors. Proper care of the oral cavity in old age will help maintain health and gum health for many years.

A. Dryness in the mouth: Dry mouth is often found in older people and can increase the risk of caries.

B. The Desna recession: The gum recession (exposing the roots of teeth) is also often found in older people and can lead to increased sensitivity of teeth.

C. Gum diseases: Gum diseases are also more often found in the elderly and can lead to teeth loss.

D. Difficulties with brushing teeth: Older people may have difficulty brushing their teeth due to arthritis or other diseases.

XX. Modern methods of treating gum diseases

Modern dentistry offers a wide range of methods of treating gum diseases aimed at restoring gum health and preventing teeth loss.

A. Professional teeth brushing: Professional tooth brushing helps to remove plaque and tooth stone, which are the main causes of gum diseases.

B. Skaling and Rut-planning: Skaling and routing are methods for removing denture and toothstone from under the gums and from the surface of the roots of the teeth.

C. Patchwork operations: Patchwork operations are carried out to remove infected tissues and restore bone tissue surrounding the teeth.

D. directed tissue regeneration: Directed tissue regeneration is a method of restoration of bone tissue lost as a result of gum diseases.

E. The use of antibiotics: Antibiotics can be prescribed to combat infection in severe forms of gum diseases.

This is an exhaustive list of practices, conditions, and technologies, and provides a robust foundation for maintaining optimal oral hygiene. Remember to consult with a qualified dental professional for personalized advice and treatment.

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