Dietary supplement to maintain youth

Bades to maintain youth: a deep analysis of the components, mechanisms of action and prospects for applying

Section 1: A comprehensive view of aging and the role of dietary supplements in slowing down processes

1. 1 Aging theory: from cellular level to system changes. Aging is a complex, multifactorial process, characterized by a progressive deterioration in physiological functions, increasing susceptibility to diseases and, ultimately, leading to death. There are many theories of aging, each of which focuses on various aspects of this process.

   • Free radical theory: One of the most famous theories is the theory of free radicals, according to which aging is caused by the accumulation of damage caused by free radicals – unstable molecules formed as a result of normal metabolism, as well as under the influence of external factors, such as environmental pollution and radiation. Free radicals damage DNA, proteins and lipids, which leads to a violation of cell functions and, ultimately, to aging.

   • The theory of shortening of telomeres: Telomeres are protective “caps” at the ends of the chromosomes, which shorten with each cell division. When the telomeres reach a critical length, the cell ceases to share and enters into a state of sensocence (aging) or apoptosis (programmed cell death). The shortening of telomeres is associated with various age -related diseases and the general aging of the body.

   • Theory of accumulation of mutations: This theory assumes that with age in cells, mutations in DNA accumulate, which lead to impaired protein synthesis and other cell dysfunctions. The accumulation of mutations increases the risk of cancer and other age diseases.

   • Glycation theory: Glycation is the process of binding sugars with proteins and lipids, which leads to the formation of the final glycation products (Ages). Ages accumulate in tissues with age and cause damage to collagen and elastin, which leads to wrinkles, worsening skin elasticity and other signs of aging. Ages can also cause inflammation and increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

   • Theory of hormonal aging: With age, there is a decrease in the level of many hormones, such as growth hormone, testosterone, estrogen and melatonin. These hormonal changes can contribute to the aging of the skin, a decrease in muscle mass, the deterioration of cognitive functions and other age -related changes.

   • Inflammaging theory: Chronic, low -level inflammation, known as “Inflammaging,” plays an important role in aging. Constant inflammation damages tissues and organs, increases the risk of developing age diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.

   • Mitochondrial dysfunction theory: Mitochondria is the cellular organelles responsible for the production of energy. With age, the mitochondria function worsens, which leads to a decrease in energy production, an increase in the formation of free radicals and cell damage.

   • Autophagy theory: Autophagy is the process of “self -euthence” of cells in which the cells remove damaged organelles and proteins. With age, autophagia can worsen, which leads to the accumulation of cellular waste and impaired cell functions.

   • Epigenetic theory of aging: Epigenetic changes are changes in genes expression that are not associated with changes in the DNA sequence. With age, epigenetic changes occur, which can affect the expression of genes involved in aging.

   Understanding these theories of aging allows you to develop strategies to slow down the processes of aging and extension of a healthy life. Bades can play an important role in these strategies, affecting various aspects of aging.

2. 2 Dietary supplements as an instrument for maintaining youth: opportunities and restrictions. Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances, designed for direct intake with food or introduction into food products in order to enrich the ration with individual food or biologically active substances or complexes of such substances. Bades are not medicines and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. However, they can have a positive effect on health and slow down the aging process.

   • Potential advantages of dietary supplements to maintain youth:

     • Antioxidant Protection: Many dietary supplements contain antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and protect the cells from damage.
     • Support for the immune system: Some dietary supplements strengthen the immune system and increase the body’s resistance to infections.
     • Improving cognitive functions: Some dietary supplements improve memory, attention and other cognitive functions.
     • Cardiovascular system protection: Some dietary supplements reduce cholesterol levels, improve blood vessels and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
     • Support for the health of the skin: Some dietary supplements moisturize the skin, reduce wrinkles and improve its elasticity.
     • Improving energy metabolism: Some dietary supplements increase energy and reduce fatigue.
     • Anti -inflammatory action: Some dietary supplements have anti -inflammatory properties and can reduce the level of chronic inflammation.
     • Support for joints of the joints: Some dietary supplements improve joint mobility and reduce pain in arthritis.
     • Hormonal balance regulation: Some dietary supplements can help to balance hormonal background, especially in women during menopause.
     • Support for intestinal health: Some dietary supplements contain probiotics and prebiotics that improve the intestinal microflora and strengthen the immune system.

   • Restrictions and risks associated with the use of dietary supplements:

     • Insufficient regulation: Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not subjected to the same strict regulation. This means that the quality and safety of dietary supplements can vary depending on the manufacturer.
     • Lack of evidence: The effectiveness of many dietary supplements has not been proven during clinical research.
     • Side effects: Bades can cause side effects, especially when used in large doses or in combination with other drugs.
     • Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with medicines, enhancing or weakening their effect.
     • Incorrect dosage: Incorrect dosage of dietary supplements can lead to undesirable consequences.
     • Individual intolerance: Some people may have individual intolerance to certain components of dietary supplements.
     • False promises: Some dietary supplements can make false promises about the effectiveness of their products.
     • Pollution: Bades can be polluted by heavy metals, pesticides or other harmful substances.

   Before using dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor or a qualified specialist in the field of food. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers who test their products for safety and efficiency. You should also carefully study the composition of dietary supplements and adhere to the recommended dosage. Bades should not replace full and balanced diet.

Section 2: Key components of dietary supplements to maintain youth and their mechanisms of action

2. 1 Antioxidants: neutralization of free radicals and cell protection. Antioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors of aging and the development of many diseases. Antioxidants play an important role in maintaining youth and health.

   • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): A powerful water -soluble antioxidant that is involved in the synthesis of collagen strengthens the immune system and protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamin C also promotes the absorption of iron.

   • Vitamin E (tocopherol): A fat -soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamin E also has anti -inflammatory properties and improves skin condition.

   • Selenium: A microelement, which is part of the enzyme glutathioneperoxidase, one of the most powerful antioxidants in the body. Selenium is also necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland and the immune system.

   • Coenzim Q10 (COQ10): A fat -soluble compound that is involved in the production of energy in mitochondria. COQ10 is also a powerful antioxidant and protects cells from damage caused by free radicals. With age, the COQ10 level in the body decreases, so its intake in the form of dietary supplements can be useful for maintaining energy metabolism and protecting cells.

   • Resveratrol: Polyphenol contained in red wine, grapes, berries and nuts. Resveratrol has powerful antioxidant, anti -inflammatory and anti -cancer properties. He activates sirtuins – enzymes that participate in the regulation of life expectancy.

   • Curcumin: Active ingredient of turmeric, spices widely used in Indian cuisine. Kurkumin has powerful antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. It can also improve cognitive functions and protect Alzheimer from disease.

   • Glutathione: Tripeptide, which is one of the most powerful antioxidants in the body. Glutation protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals, and is involved in the detoxification of the body.

   • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA): Fat and water-soluble antioxidant, which is involved in the production of energy in mitochondria. ALA can also improve insulin sensitivity and protect from diabetes.

   • Pycnogenol: Pine cortex extract, which contains powerful antioxidants – proshenidina. Picnogenol improves blood circulation, protects the skin from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, and reduces inflammation.

   • Astaxanthin: Carotinoid contained in algae, salmon and shrimp. Astaxantin is one of the most powerful antioxidants known to science. It protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals, and has anti -inflammatory properties.

3. 2 Collagen and hyaluronic acid: maintaining the health of the skin, joints and connective tissue. Collagen and hyaluronic acid are important components of connective tissue that play an important role in maintaining the health of the skin, joints and bones. With age, the production of collagen and hyaluronic acid in the body decreases, which leads to wrinkles, worsening skin elasticity, joint pain and other age -related changes.

   • Collagen: Protein, which is the main structural component of the skin, bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Collagen provides the strength and elasticity of these tissues. There are several types of collagen, each of which performs certain functions. Type I collagen is the most common type of collagen in the body and is contained in the skin, bones, tendons and ligaments. Type II collagen is contained in cartilage. Type III collagen is found in the skin, muscles and blood vessels. Reception of collagen in the form of dietary supplements can improve the condition of the skin, reduce wrinkles, increase skin elasticity, strengthen bones and joints, and reduce joint pain.

   • Hyaluronic acid: Polysaccharide, which is contained in the skin, joints and other fabrics. Hyaluronic acid has the ability to bind a large amount of water, which ensures the hydration of tissues and supports their elasticity. With age, the level of hyaluronic acid in the body decreases, which leads to dry skin, wrinkles and pain in the joints. The intake of hyaluronic acid in the form of dietary supplements can improve the condition of the skin, moisturize it, reduce wrinkles, and also relieve joint pain.

   • The mechanisms of the action of collagen and hyaluronic acid: Collagen and hyaluronic acid act synergically, supporting the health of the skin, joints and connective tissue. Collagen provides the strength and structure of tissues, and hyaluronic acid provides moisturizing and elasticity. When taking collagen in the form of dietary supplements, it breaks down into amino acids and peptides, which stimulate the production of its own collagen in the body. Hyaluronic acid, when taken in the form of dietary supplements, is absorbed into the blood and transported into the tissue, where it binds water and provides moisture.

   • Types of collagen in dietary supplements: The following types of collagen are usually used in dietary supplements:

     • Hydrolyzed collagen: Collagen, which was split into smaller peptides, which facilitates its absorption by the body.
     • Type I collagen: Suitable for maintaining the health of the skin, hair and nails.
     • Type II collagen: Suitable for maintaining joint health.
     • Type III collagen: Suitable for maintaining the health of the skin, muscles and blood vessels.

   • Collagen sources: Collagen in dietary supplements can be obtained from various sources, such as:

     • Animal collagen: They are obtained from leather, bones and cartilage animals (for example, cattle, pigs, chickens).
     • Sea collagen: Received from leather and bones of fish. Sea collagen is considered more bioavailable than animal collagen.
     • Vegan collagen: The vegan collagen does not contain animal ingredients. It contains amino acids and other substances that stimulate the production of its own collagen in the body.

4. 3 Omega-3 fatty acids: support for the health of the heart, brain and decrease in inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are necessary for human health. The body cannot independently produce omega-3 fatty acids, so they must be obtained from food or in the form of dietary supplements. The main types of omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenic acid (EPA), non-coosaenic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).

   • EY DHA: EPA and DHA are found in fatty fish (for example, salmon, tuna, sardines, herring) and seafood. EPA and DHA have many healthy health effects, including:

     • Heart health support: Reduce the level of triglycerides, increase the level of “good” cholesterol (HDL), reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of blood clots.
     • Brain health support: Improve cognitive functions, memory and attention. DHA is the main structural component of the brain and is necessary for the normal development and functioning of the brain.
     • Reduced inflammation: They have anti -inflammatory properties and can reduce joint pain in arthritis.
     • Eye health support: Reduce the risk of developing age macular degeneration (AMD) – the main cause of blindness in the elderly.
     • Support for skin health: Improve the condition of the skin with eczema and psoriasis.

   • ALA: ALA is found in vegetable oils (for example, linen oil, walnut oil, soybean oil), flax seeds, walnuts and other plant products. ALA can be transformed into EPA and DHA in the body, but this process is not very effective.

   • Omega-3 omega-3 action mechanisms: Omega-3 fatty acids have their beneficial effects due to various mechanisms, including:

     • Modulation of inflammation: Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
     • Improving the function of the endothelium: Endothelium is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels. Omega-3 fatty acids improve the function of the endothelium, which helps to expand blood vessels and improve blood circulation.
     • Reducing the level of triglycerides: Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood, which reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
     • Improving the function of the brain: DHA is the main structural component of the brain and is necessary for the normal function of neurons. Omega-3 fatty acids also improve blood supply to the brain.

   • Omega-3 dosage of fatty acids: The recommended dosage of omega-3 fatty acids varies depending on the age, state of health and goals of administration. It is usually recommended to take at least 250-500 mg EPA and DHA per day to maintain overall health. For people with cardiovascular diseases or other diseases, a higher dose may be required.

   • Sources of omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids in dietary supplements are usually obtained from fish oil, kriely fat or algae oil. Fish oil is the most common source of omega-3 fatty acids. Krilee fat contains omega-3 fatty acids in the form of phospholipids, which are better absorbed by the body. Algae oil is a vegan source of omega-3 fatty acids.

5. 4 B vitamins B: Support for energy metabolism, nervous system and cognitive functions. B vitamins are a group of water -soluble vitamins that play an important role in energy exchange, nervous system and cognitive functions. B vitamins do not accumulate in the body, so they must be regularly obtained from food or in the form of dietary supplements.

   • Vitamin B1 (TIAMIN): It is necessary for carbohydrate exchange and energy production. Tiamine deficiency can lead to fatigue, weakness, irritability and memory problems.

   • Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): It is necessary for energy exchange, growth and development of cells. Riboflavin deficiency can lead to inflammation of the mucous membranes, cracks in the corners of the mouth and vision problems.

   • Vitamin B3 (Niacin): It is necessary for energy exchange, DNA synthesis and hormones. Niacin deficiency can lead to Pellagra – a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.

   • Vitamin B5 (pantotenic acid): It is necessary for energy metabolism, synthesis of hormones and cholesterol. The deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare, but can lead to fatigue, headaches and sleep problems.

   • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin): Amino acids are necessary for the metabolism of the neurotransmitters (for example, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) and the formation of red blood cells. Pyridoxine deficiency can lead to depression, irritability, insomnia and anemia.

   • Vitamin B7 (Biotin): It is necessary for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Biotin is also important for the health of the skin, hair and nails. Biotin’s deficiency is rare, but can lead to hair loss, skin rashes and problems with nails.

   • Vitamin B9 (folic acid): It is necessary for the synthesis of DNA, division of cells and the formation of red blood cells. Folic acid is especially important for women during pregnancy, as it reduces the risk of developing defects in the nervous tube in the fetus. Folic acid deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, irritability and memory problems.

   • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin): It is necessary for the synthesis of DNA, the formation of red blood cells and the normal function of the nervous system. Vitamin B12 is found only in animal products, so vegans and vegetarians are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, weakness, numbness and tingling in the arms and legs, as well as to neurological problems.

   • The mechanisms of action of B vitamins B: B vitamins are involved in various metabolic processes in the body, including:

     • Power transformation into energy: B vitamins are necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which allows the body to receive energy from food.
     • Synthesis neurotransmitted: B vitamins are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters that transmit signals between nerve cells. This is necessary for the normal function of the nervous system, including mood, memory and attention.
     • Synthesis DNA and RNA: B vitamins are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which are the genetic material of cells.
     • The formation of red blood cells: B vitamins are necessary for the formation of red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

   • Dosage of B vitamins B: The recommended dosage of group B vitamins varies depending on age, health and goals. It is usually recommended to take a complex of B vitamins, which contains all eight B vitamins in balanced doses.

6. 5 Plant extracts (green tea, ginseng, ginkgo biloba): adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. Plant extracts have many healthy health properties, including adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. Adaptogens are substances that help the body adapt to stress and increase its resistance to adverse environmental factors. Antioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress.

   • Green tea: Contains polyphenols, including Epagallocatechin Gallat (EGCG), which is a powerful antioxidant. Green tea also has anti -inflammatory, anti -cancer and cardioprotective properties. It can improve cognitive functions, reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and protect from Alzheimer’s disease.

   • Ginseng: Adaptogen, which helps the body adapt to stress and increases its resistance to physical and mental stress. Ginseng can also improve the immune function, increase energy level and improve cognitive functions. There are several types of ginseng, including Korean ginseng (Panax Ginseng), American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) and Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus). Each type of ginseng has its own unique properties.

   • Ginkgo biloba: Improves blood circulation in the brain and improves cognitive functions, especially memory and attention. Ginkgo bilobe also has antioxidant properties and can protect from Alzheimer’s disease.

   • Other plant extracts: There are many other plant extracts that have useful health properties, including:

     • Rodiola pink: Adaptogen, which helps the body adapt to stress and increases its resistance to physical and mental stress.
     • Ashwaganda: Adaptogen, which reduces stress levels, improves sleep and increases the level of energy.
     • Milk thistle Protects the liver from damage and improves its function.
     • Hawthorn: Improves the function of the cardiovascular system and reduces blood pressure.
     • Cranberry: Protects from urinary tract infections.

   • The mechanisms of the action of plant extracts: Plant extracts have their beneficial effects due to various mechanisms, including:

     • Antioxidant Protection: Plant extracts contain antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress.
     • Adaptogenic action: Plant extracts help the body adapt to stress and increase its resistance to adverse environmental factors.
     • Anti -inflammatory action: Plant extracts have anti -inflammatory properties and can reduce the level of chronic inflammation.
     • Immunomodulatory action: Plant extracts can improve the immune function and increase the body’s resistance to infections.
     • Improving blood circulation: Some plant extracts improve blood circulation, especially in the brain, which helps to improve cognitive functions.

Section 3: Specialized dietary supplements for specific age changes

3. 1 Bades to maintain cognitive functions (nootropics): improving memory, attention and concentration. With age, cognitive functions, such as memory, attention and concentration, can worsen. Bades that improve cognitive functions are called nootropes. Nootropics can be useful to maintain clarity of mind and slowing down age -related changes in the brain.

   • Ginkgo biloba: Improves blood circulation in the brain and improves cognitive functions, especially memory and attention. Ginkgo bilobe also has antioxidant properties and can protect from Alzheimer’s disease.

   • BACOPA Monnieri: A traditional Ayurvedic tool that improves memory, learning and concentration. Bakop Monieri also has antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties.

   • Phosphateidilsin (PhOSPhatIDYLSERINE): Phospholipid, which is an important component of cell membranes, especially in the brain. Phosphatidylserin improves memory, attention and cognitive functions.

   • DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol): Increases the level of acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, which plays an important role in memory and learning. DMAE also has antioxidant properties.

   • L-Carnitin: Amino acid, which is involved in the production of energy in mitochondria. L-carnitine can improve cognitive functions, increase energy levels and reduce fatigue.

   • Alfa-GFH (Alfa-Glycerylphosphereholin): Acetylcholine precursor, which improves memory, attention and cognitive functions.

   • Gepersin a (Huperzine a): Acetylcholinerase inhibitor, an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine. Gepperin A increases the level of acetylcholine in the brain, which improves memory and learning.

   • Caffeine: The stimulator of the central nervous system, which increases the level of energy, improves attention and concentration. However, caffeine can cause side effects, such as insomnia, anxiety and irritability.

   • L-theanine: Amino acid, which is contained in green tea. L-theanine promotes relaxation, reduces stress levels and improves cognitive functions.

4. 2 Bades to maintain the health of the cardiovascular system: reducing cholesterol level, normalization of blood pressure. With age, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases increases. Bades can help support the health of the cardiovascular system and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

   • Omega-3 fatty acids: Reduce the level of triglycerides, increase the level of “good” cholesterol (HDL), reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of blood clots.

   • Red yeast rice: Contains Monacoline K, which is an inhibitor of the GMG-Koa reductase, an enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. Red yeast rice can reduce the level of “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and total cholesterol.

   • Coenzim Q10 (COQ10): A fat -soluble compound that is involved in the production of energy in mitochondria. COQ10 is also a powerful antioxidant and protects cells from damage caused by free radicals. COQ10 can help reduce blood pressure and improve the function of the heart.

   • Garlic: Reduces cholesterol, reduces blood pressure and improves blood circulation.

   • Hawthorn: Improves the function of the cardiovascular system and reduces blood pressure.

   • Potassium: An important mineral that helps regulate blood pressure.

   • Magnesium: An important mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and improves the function of the heart.

   • Resveratrol: Polyphenol contained in red wine, grapes, berries and nuts. Resveratrol has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can protect against cardiovascular diseases.

   • Fiber: Reduces cholesterol and improves digestion.

5. 3 Bades to maintain joint health: reduction of inflammation, improving mobility. With age, the joints can become less flexible and mobile, which can lead to pain and discomfort. Bades can help maintain joint health, reduce inflammation and improve mobility.

   • Glucosamine and chondroitin: Construction blocks of cartilage. Glucosamine and chondroitin can help reduce joint pain, improve mobility and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.

   • MSM (methyl sulfonylmetatan): Organic compound of sulfur, which has anti -inflammatory properties. MSM can help reduce joint pain, improve mobility and reduce inflammation.

   • Type II collagen: The main type of collagen, which is contained in cartilage. Type II collagen can help reduce joint pain, improve mobility and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.

   • Curcumin: Active ingredient of turmeric, spices widely used in Indian cuisine. Kurkumin has powerful anti -inflammatory properties and can help reduce joint pain.

   • Hyaluronic acid: Polysaccharide, which is found in synovial fluid, lubrication, which facilitates the movement of the joints. Hyaluronic acid can help improve joint mobility and reduce pain.

   • Omega-3 fatty acids: They have anti -inflammatory properties and can reduce joint pain in arthritis.

   • Boswelia Serra: A plant extract that has anti -inflammatory properties and can help reduce joint pain in arthritis.

6. 4 Bades to maintain bone health: strengthening bone tissue, prevention of osteoporosis. With age, bones can become more fragile and brittle, which increases the risk of fractures. Dietary supplements can help maintain bone health, strengthen bone tissue and prevent