нельзя забывать, что в настоящее время рак молочной железы может возникать у женщин в любом age. Therefore, in case of pronounced pain or bykov. Only a doctor can say for sure if a neoplasm is dangerous or not. For this purpose, a puncture or biopsy, ul. Using ultrasound, it will be possible to determine whether a tumor is cancerous or not. The chest may ache with the following benign neoplasms: fibroadenoma of the breast. Syphilis is a chronic inflammatory process caused by the spirochete Treponema pallida (treponema pallidum). This is a bacterial genus that contains four subspecies of the pathogen.
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For more than four centuries, medical thought around the world has been struggling with a serious systemic disease – syphilis, popularly known as syphilis. The disease remains a significant social and moral problem even now, in the period of advanced medicine. Because of its characteristics, it has long been considered shameful, provoking doctors, scientists and simply talented people to such metamorphoses…
Initially, during the Renaissance, in a time of unconditional religion and inquisition, syphilis was considered a punishment from heaven for committed sins. Doctors sincerely treated him with mercury, and patients sincerely died from such “treatment”. It wasn’t until the 19th century that syphilis began to be taken seriously: doctors found out its bacterial nature and degree of contagiousness. Only in the 20th century did scientists finally understand how to deal with it, and patients stopped hiding their faces in shame.
Today syphilis is one of most frequent diseases. Despite the efforts of global health organizations, in some countries outbreaks of this epidemic are observed, and the incidence rate in the world is far from decreasing. Syphilis is vicious: if created ideal opportunity, it can be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person in 100 percent of cases, and everyday method infection has become very common.
In Russia at the end of the 20th century, after the collapse of the USSR, characterized by the economic and social crises of the former republics, the incidence of syphilis increased by 40 times! But today the profession of a venereologist again turns out to be burdensome: after the “explosion” at the transition from the 20th millennium, syphilis again began to appear in numerical terms: syphilis turned out to be defeated.
## Etiology or the causative agent of syphilis
Infection begins at the moment of entry into the human body through the skin, all stages, other diseases – a pale spirochete of the Treponema pallidum species, belonging to the genus of gram-negative spirochetes. The carrier of the disease becomes dangerous immediately after infection, and the disease mellitus itself then goes through three stages of development, following each other.
### Is the pathogen always transmitted?
Even though the disease is infectious in nature and only the bacterium that causes syphilis is always contagious, the following difference occurs: infected people:
– incubation period for respiratory organs and motor organs during which it is impossible to determine whether the patient is infected “for sure”, including the standard reaction of Wasserman;
– primary syphilis with a negative Wasserman reaction, at those moments when chancre is the only manifestation of the disease;
– asymptomatic primary syphilis, in which enlarged lymph nodes are the only sign of the disease.
Except attentive attitude to yourself and your loved ones, such a little-known manifestation as household syphilis is easily attacked preventive measures: hygiene, of course, greatly helps in the prevention of any infection.
So, the prevention of syphilis:
– Personal hygiene: every person should know that using someone else’s toothbrush is not only unhygienic, but also fraught, but a public toilet is a place not only not for getting pleasant sensations, but also concentration of various pathogenic microorganisms, which increases the risks infection in the fight against them necessary;
– Safe sex: be aware that condoms protect both women and men from STIs and STDs;
– If a family member is sick with syphilis, it is necessary to take measures to treat him safest of possible ways the whole family; those who are in direct contact with the source of infection should remember that syphilis is transmitted at any stage of the disease and tissue fluids (plasma, blood) are one hundred percent contagious;
– Treatment may include not only medications, but also frequent disinfection of household items, the best option – a radical, sometimes including boiling (about 20 minutes in boiling water), cleaning (alcohol-containing antiseptic solutions) and the “exile” of the personal belongings of the sick person;
– Pregnant women should donate blood for syphilis at least three times, since women carrying a child have a higher risk of transmitting the disease to it, which is fraught with development congenital syphilis in a baby.
## How does syphilis manifest?
The bright picture of syphilis in all its crunching forms resembles an oak, with:
– The main signs and manifestations of the chronic disease are located on the trunk;
– The branches represent variants of the cutaneous syphilides of the secondary period;
– The flowers represent the most highly contagious manifestations, the open chancre;
– And the crown is the first classical symptoms on the skin that characterize the beginning of syphilis.
### The first signs are the main symptoms
The manifestation of syphilis begins from the moment the causative agent of the infection, Treponema pallidum, enters the human body. Pale spirochete, aka Treponema pallidum, is covered, so a microbial cell calmly “roams” through its circulatory system, never at risk of being attacked by the body’s protective cells. THIS helps her to easily travel throughout the body, straight to the stage of secondary syphilis.
## Stages
There are 4 periods of syphilis – incubation, primary, secondary and tertiary. The disease has a wave-like course, in which periods of exacerbation are replaced by latent stages with an asymptomatic clinical picture. At active phase visible symptoms of syphilis appear on the skin and mucous membranes. Latent syphilis is characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms. The disease can last for decades. Identified in 20% of patients long after the immediate moment of infection.
The incubation period is asymptomatic and lasts about 3–4 weeks. This time is characterized by the massive proliferation of bacterial cells and the spread of infection throughout the body through the blood and lymph flow. The first signs of syphilis are associated with the appearance of chancre (a small ulcer with raised edges) at the site of pathogen penetration. Most often, chancre forms on the genitals, anus or in the oral mucosa. A week after the first sign, the lymph nodes closest to the chancre enlarge, which indicates the spread of the infection further throughout the body.
The active (primary) stage lasts up to 2–3 months. It is noteworthy that with primary syphilis, the symptoms are mild – there are no signs of fever, the disease does not affect performance. A distinctive feature of the disease is that primary syphilis is still treatable.
The end of the active period is characterized by a decrease in the intensity of symptoms and the beginning of a latent stage, which may be followed by a relapse of the disease.
In rare cases, secondary syphilis appears against a background of blurred primary symptoms. You can suspect the presence of the disease in such cases by the appearance of chancre on the mucous membrane of the mouth or genitals and during laboratory tests for treponema pallidum.
### Prognosis for treatment
Syphilis detected at the incubation and primary stages is completely curable, Negative consequences for the body are minimal.
Secondary syphilis is a more complex disease in terms of duration and regimen of treatment, as well as restoration of the body. However, with proper therapy, there is a high chance of recovery.
The consequences of late syphilis cannot be completely eliminated even if the treponemas are killed, since tertiary syphilis causes irreversible disturbances in the structure of tissues and consists of deep lesions of the central nervous system and internal organs.
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