Hormonal changes after 50: how to deal

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Hormonal changes after 50: how to deal

I. Understanding hormonal changes during the period of perimenopause and menopause

A. Definition and stages of menopause:

1. Perimenopausa: This is a transition period that begins a few years before menopause. Usually begins at the age of 40 to 50 years, but can begin earlier. During this period, the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen and progesterone. The duration of perimenopause varies from woman to woman, on average from 4 to 8 years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, tides, mood changes and other symptoms.

2. Menopause: It is defined as the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. The average age of menopause is 51 years, but can occur at any age from 40 to 50 years. Menopause is a natural biological process and the result of the cessation of ovarian function. A decrease in estrogen levels has a significant effect on the woman’s body.

3. Postmenopause: The period of life after menopause. Symptoms of menopause can continue in postmenopause, but usually decrease over time. During this period, the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases associated with estrogens deficiency increases.

B. The main hormones involved in the process:

1. Estrogen: A group of hormones produced mainly by ovaries. Estrogen plays an important role in the development and functioning of the female reproductive system, and also affects bone tissue, cardiovascular system, brain and other organs. A decrease in estrogen levels during menopause leads to tide, vaginal dryness, sleep disturbances, mood changes and other symptoms. There are three main types of estrogen: estradiol (most active), estrone and estriol. Estradiol is most important for reproductive function.

2. Progesterone: The hormone produced by ovaries after ovulation. Progesterone prepares the mucous membrane of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and supports pregnancy. A decrease in the level of progesterone during menopause can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disturbances and mood changes.

3. FSG (follicle -stimulating hormone): The hormone produced by the pituitary gland. FSG stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries. During the period of menopause, the level of FSG increases, since the ovaries cease to respond to its stimulation. Analysis of the FSH level can help in the diagnosis of menopause.

4. LH (luteinizing hormone): The hormone produced by the pituitary gland. LH stimulates ovulation and production of progesterone. During menopause, the level of LH also rises.

5. Testosterone: Androgen (male sex hormone), which is produced in both men and women. In women, testosterone is produced in small amounts of ovaries and adrenal glands. Testosterone plays a role in sexual attraction, energy and bone tissue. During menopause, the level of testosterone can decrease, which can lead to a decrease in libido and fatigue.

C. Symptoms associated with hormonal changes:

1. Tucks: The feeling of sudden heat, often accompanied by redness of the skin and sweating. Tucks are one of the most common symptoms of menopause. Tucks can occur at any time of the day and last from a few seconds to several minutes. The mechanism of the occurrence of the treats has not been fully studied, but it is believed that they are associated with changes in thermoregulation of the brain caused by a decrease in estrogen level.

2. Night sweating: The tides arising at night and leading to abundant sweating, which can break the dream. Night sweating is often accompanied by insomnia and fatigue.

3. Sleep disorders: Insomnia, difficulties with falling asleep, frequent awakening at night. Sleep disorders can be associated with tide, night sweating, mood changes and other factors.

4. Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety, depression, tearfulness, mood swings. Changes in moods can be caused by fluctuations in hormone levels, as well as other factors, such as stress, fatigue and changes in life.

5. Dry vagina: Reducing the moisture moisture, which can lead to discomfort during intercourse. Dry vagina is associated with a decrease in estrogen level, which is responsible for maintaining the moisture and elasticity of the vaginal tissues.

6. Libido decrease: Reducing sexual attraction. A decrease in libido can be associated with a decrease in the level of testosterone, dry vagina, mood changes and other factors.

7. Weight gain: A change in metabolism and the distribution of adipose tissue, which can lead to an increase in weight, especially in the abdomen. The weight gain during menopause may be associated with a decrease in estrogen level, a decrease in muscle mass and a decrease in physical activity.

8. Problems with memory and concentration: Difficulties with memorizing information, distraction, reducing concentration of attention. Problems with memory and concentration can be associated with a decrease in estrogen level, which plays a role in the cognitive functions of the brain.

9. Changes in the skin and hair: Reducing the elasticity of the skin, the appearance of wrinkles, thinning of the hair. Changes in the skin and hair are associated with a decrease in estrogen level, which is responsible for maintaining collagen and elastin in the skin, as well as for hair growth.

10. Osteoporosis: Reducing the density of bone tissue, which increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a serious complication of menopause and is associated with a decrease in estrogen level, which plays an important role in maintaining bone mass.

D. Factors affecting the severity of symptoms:

1. The age of the beginning of menopause: Women whose menopause occurs before can experience more pronounced symptoms.

2. Life: Smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and malnutrition can aggravate the symptoms of menopause.

3. The presence of chronic diseases: The presence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and depression, can affect the severity of symptoms of menopause.

4. Genetic predisposition: Genetic factors can play a role in determining the severity of symptoms of menopause.

5. Ethnicity: Studies show that women of different ethnic groups can experience different symptoms of menopause.

II. Diagnosis of hormonal changes

A. Anamnesis collection and physics examination:

1. Anamnesis: The doctor collects detailed information about the menstrual cycle, symptoms, family history and medical history. It is important to inform the doctor about all the symptoms, even if they seem insignificant.

2. Physical inspection: The doctor conducts a general examination, including the measurement of blood pressure, pulse and weight. A gynecological examination can also be carried out to assess the state of the vagina and the cervix.

B. Hormonal blood tests:

1. FSG (follicle -stimulating hormone): An increased level of FSH can indicate menopause. However, a single analysis of the FSG is not always reliable, since the FSH level can fluctuate during the cycle. Usually, to confirm the diagnosis of menopause, it is necessary to submit an FSG analysis twice with an interval of several weeks.

2. Estradiol: The low level of estradiol can also indicate menopause.

3. LH (luteinizing hormone): An increased level of LH can also indicate menopause.

4. TSH (thyrotropic hormone): The doctor may prescribe TSH analysis to exclude thyroid diseases, which can cause symptoms similar to symptoms of menopause.

5. Testosterone: Measurement of testosterone levels can be useful for assessing a decrease in libido and other symptoms associated with Androgen deficiency.

C. Other diagnostic methods:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs: An ultrasound can be carried out to exclude other causes of irregular menstruation, such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps and other diseases.

2. Dencitometry (DXA): Densitometry is a method for measuring bone density. It is recommended to carry out densitometry to women during menopause to assess the risk of osteoporosis.

3. Mammography: Regular mammography is recommended for early detection of breast cancer.

4. PAP test: Regular papa test is recommended for the early detection of cervical cancer.

D. Differential diagnosis:

It is important to exclude other diseases that can cause symptoms similar to symptoms of menopause, such as thyroid diseases, depression, anxiety disorders and other conditions.

III. Methods to cope with symptoms of menopause

A. Hormonal therapy (GT):

1. Types of GT:

   • Estrogen-compative therapy (EZT): It is used in women who have undergone a hysterectomy (uterine removal). EZT contains only estrogen.
   • Combined GT: Contains estrogen and progesterone. It is used in women with an unstable uterus to protect the endometrium cancer, which can be caused by only estrogen.
   • Local GT: It is used to treat dry vagina and other urogenital symptoms. Includes estrogen -containing creams, vaginal tablets and rings.

2. Advantages of GT: GT can effectively facilitate the ebb, night sweating, dry vagina, sleep disturbance and mood changes. GT can also reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

3. RISKS GT: GT can increase the risk of developing certain diseases, such as thromboembolic complications, breast cancer and stroke. The risks and advantages of GT must be carefully discussed with the doctor.

4. Contraindications to GT: GT is contraindicated in breast cancer, thromboembolic diseases, non -diagnosed vaginal bleeding, liver diseases and other conditions.

5. Mode accepts GT: There are various GT reception modes, such as continuous and cyclic. The GT reception mode should be individualized in accordance with the needs and health status of a woman.

B. Non -hormonal methods:

1. Changes in lifestyle:

   • Regular physical exercises: Physical exercises can improve mood, sleep, energy level and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. It is recommended to engage in physical exercises of moderate intensity of at least 150 minutes a week.
   • Balanced nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low -fat proteins, can improve the general health of health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. It is important to limit the consumption of sugar, processed products and saturated fats.
   • Refusal of smoking and abuse of alcohol: Smoice and abuse of alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of menopause and increase the risk of various diseases.
   • Maintaining a healthy weight: Maintaining healthy weight can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other diseases.
   • Stress management: Stress can aggravate the symptoms of menopause. It is recommended to use stress management methods such as yoga, meditation, breathing exercises and other relaxation techniques.

2. Plant preparations and additives:

   • Phytoestrogens: Contained in soy products, flaxseed and other products. Phytoestrogens can have a weak estrogenic effect and relieve some symptoms of menopause. However, the effectiveness of phytoestrogens has not been fully studied, and their use should be discussed with a doctor.
   • Black claw: A vegetable drug that can alleviate the ejes and other symptoms of menopause. However, the effectiveness of the black claw has not been fully studied, and its use should be discussed with a doctor.
   • Diagil medicinal (Dong Kuai): A plant drug that is traditionally used to treat female diseases. However, the effectiveness of the Diaghil of the medicinal is not fully studied, and its use should be discussed with a doctor.
   • Vitamin D and calcium: Important for maintaining bones and prevention of osteoporosis. It is recommended to take vitamin D at a dose of 600-800 IU per day and calcium at a dose of 1000-1200 mg per day.

3. Medicines:

   • Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as SIOOS (selective inhibitors of the reverse capture of serotonin) and SIOZSN (selective inhibitors of the reverse capture of serotonin and norepinephrine), can facilitate the ejiumes and changes in mood.
   • Gabapine: The drug that is used to treat neuropathic pain and seizures. Gabapentin can also facilitate tides.
   • Clonidine: The drug that is used to treat high blood pressure. Clonidine can also facilitate tides.
   • Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants: Used to treat dry vagina. Vaginal moisturizers are used regularly to maintain the moisture content of the vagina, and lubricants are used during intercourse to reduce discomfort.

C. Alternative methods:

1. Iglowerie (acupuncture): The method of traditional Chinese medicine, which consists in introducing thin needles into certain points on the body. Some studies show that acupuncture can relieve tides and other symptoms of menopause.

2. Yoga and meditation: They can help reduce stress, improve mood and sleep.

3. Hypnosis: Some studies show that hypnosis can alleviate the ebbs.

4. Massage: It can help relax and reduce stress.

IV. Management of specific symptoms

A. Tucks and night sweating:

1. Avoid triggers: Avoid factors that can provoke tides, such as acute foods, alcohol, caffeine, hot drinks, cramped clothes and hot weather.

2. Layers of clothing: Wear clothes made of natural fabrics, such as cotton and linen, and dress in layers so that you can easily remove excess clothes when the tide appears.

3. Cooling methods: Use the fan, hold cool water at hand, take a cool shower or bath.

4. Respiratory exercises: Practice deep breathing during the tide.

B. Sleep disorders:

1. Sleep mode: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on the weekend.

2. Relaxing procedures before bedtime: Take a warm bath, read the book, listen to calm music.

3. Avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime: Caffeine and alcohol can disrupt sleep.

4. Comfortable temperature in the bedroom: Make sure that the bedroom is cool and dark.

5. Regular physical exercises: Physical exercises can improve sleep, but avoid intense training before bedtime.

C. Dry vagina:

1. Vaginal moisturizers: Use vaginal moisturizers regularly to maintain the moisture content of the vagina.

2. Luburbicants: Use lubricants during intercourse to reduce discomfort.

3. Local estrogen therapy: Use estrogen -containing creams, vaginal tablets or rings for the treatment of dry vagina.

D. Mood changes:

1. Stress management: Use stress management methods such as yoga, meditation, breathing exercises and other relaxation techniques.

2. Support: Contact your friends, family or psychologist for support.

3. Regular physical exercises: Exercise can improve mood.

4. Healthy nutrition: Healthy nutrition can improve mood and general health.

5. Antidepressants: If the mood changes are serious, the doctor can prescribe antidepressants.

E. Osteoporosis:

1. Sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D: Take vitamin D at a dose of 600-800 IU per day and calcium at a dose of 1000-1200 mg per day.

2. Exercise: Perform burial exercises and exercises that strengthen the bones.

3. Refusal of smoking and abuse of alcohol: Smoking and alcohol abuse can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

4. Medication: The doctor may prescribe medications for the treatment of osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab and other drugs.

V. The role of the doctor in the management of hormonal changes

A. The choice of a doctor:

1. Gynecologist: Specializes in female health, including the reproductive system and menopause.

2. Endocrinologist: Specializes in hormonal disorders.

3. Family doctor: It can provide primary medical care and direct to specialists.

B. Discussion of symptoms and treatment options:

1. Detailed discussion of symptoms: It is important to tell the doctor in detail about all the symptoms, even if they seem insignificant.

2. Discussion of treatment options: The doctor should discuss with you all available treatment options, including hormonal therapy, non -hormonal methods and alternative methods.

3. Individual treatment plan: The doctor must develop an individual treatment plan that takes into account your needs, health and preferences.

C. Regular inspections and monitoring:

1. Regular examinations: Regular examinations are necessary to assess the effectiveness of treatment and identify possible side effects.

2. Monitoring: The doctor may prescribe blood tests and other examinations for monitoring your health state.

D. Making informed decisions:

It is important to get enough information about hormonal changes and available treatment methods to make informed decisions about your health. Discuss all issues and fears with a doctor.

VI. Support and resources

A. Support groups:

1. Online groups: There are numerous online support groups for women during menopause. In these groups, you can communicate with other women, share experience and receive support.

2. Personal groups: In some cities, there are personal support groups for women during menopause.

B. Educational resources:

1. Websites: There are numerous websites that provide information about menopause and its treatment.

2. Books and Articles: There are numerous books and articles on menopause.

C. Psychological help:

1. Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy can help cope with mood changes, anxiety and other psychological problems associated with menopause.

2. Consulting: Consulting can help make informed decisions on the treatment and management of symptoms.

VII. Long -term health after menopause

A. Heart of heart:

1. Regular examinations: Regularly measure blood pressure and cholesterol.

2. Healthy nutrition: Adhere to a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low -fat proteins.

3. Regular physical exercises: Do physical exercises of moderate intensity of at least 150 minutes a week.

4. Refusal of smoking: Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

B. Bone health:

1. Sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D: Take vitamin D at a dose of 600-800 IU per day and calcium at a dose of 1000-1200 mg per day.

2. Exercise: Perform burial exercises and exercises that strengthen the bones.

3. Regular densitometry: Draw densitometry to assess the density of bone tissue.

C. Brain health:

1. Maintaining an active lifestyle: Stay active and physically.

2. Healthy nutrition: Adhere to a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids.

3. Regular physical exercises: Exercise can improve cognitive functions.

4. Social activity: Support social ties and participate in social activities.

D. Cancer prevention:

1. Regular screening examinations: Pass the mammography, papa tests and other screening examinations for the early detection of cancer.

2. Healthy lifestyle: Adhere to a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical exercises and the rejection of smoking.

VIII. Adaptation tips to life after 50

A. Acceptance of changes:

Take the changes that occur with your body and mind. Menopause is a natural stage of life, and it is important to adapt to it.

B. Focus on health and well -being:

Focus on your health and well -being. Take time to care about yourself, do what you like, and maintain social ties.

C. Studying new interests and hobbies:

Study new interests and hobbies. Menopause is a time for new undertakings and opportunities.

D. Maintaining a positive attitude:

Support a positive attitude to life. Focus on good and surround yourself with positive people.

E. Caring for yourself:

Take care of yourself physically, emotionally and mentally. This will help you feel better and live a full life.

IX. Nutrition during menopause

A. The importance of a balanced diet:

A balanced diet plays a decisive role in managing symptoms of menopause and maintaining overall health. Focus on the use of a variety of nutrient products.

B. Key nutrients:

1. Calcium: It is necessary to maintain bones health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Sources: dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), green leafy vegetables (cabbage, spinach), enriched products (tofu, vegetable milk).

2. Vitamin D: Helps the body to absorb calcium and is important for the health of bones, immunity and mood. Sources: fatty fish (salmon, tuna), egg yolks, enriched products (milk, flakes), sunlight. An additive is recommended, especially in the winter months.

3. Magnesium: Participates in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including the regulation of blood pressure, blood sugar and nervous function. Sources: green leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds (almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds), whole grain products, avocados.

4. Fiber: Promotes the health of the digestive system, helps to control the level of cholesterol and maintain healthy weight. Sources: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes (beans, lentils).

5. Omega-3 fatty acids: They can help reduce inflammation, maintain heart health and improve mood. Sources: fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), linen seed, chia seeds, walnuts.

C. Products that should be limited:

1. Processed products: Often contain a lot of sugar, salt and harmful fats that can aggravate the symptoms of menopause.

2. Sahar: It can lead to fluctuations in blood sugar, mood changes and weight gain.

3. Caffeine and alcohol: They can provoke tides and break the dream.

4. Acute food: It can provoke tides in some women.

D. The role of phytoestrogens:

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that imitate the effect of estrogen in the body. They can help alleviate some symptoms of menopause.

1. Soy products: Tofu, pace, Edamam, soy milk.

2. Flax-seed: Add to smoothie, porridge or baking.

3. Other sources: Clover, alfalfa, lentils.

It is important to note that the effect of phytoestrogens on the body can be individual, and their use should be discussed with a doctor.

X. The importance of physical activity

A. Advantages of regular exercises:

Regular physical exercises have many advantages for women during menopause:

1. Weight management: It helps to maintain healthy weight and prevent weight gain associated with menopause.

2. Improving mood: Promotes the development of endorphins that improve mood and reduce stress.

3. Strengthening bones: Exercises with weights and exercises that strengthen the bones help prevent osteoporosis.

4. Improvement: Regular exercises can improve sleep quality.

5. Reduction of risk of chronic diseases: Exercises reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer.

B. Types of exercises:

1. Aerobic exercises: Walking, running, swimming, cycling. Improve the health of the heart and blood vessels, burn calories.

2. Exercise exercises: Height lifting, the use of elastic tapes. Strengthen the bones and muscles.

3. Flexibility exercises: Yoga, Pilates, stretching. Improve flexibility and reduce the risk of injuries.

C. Recommendations:

1. 150 minutes a week: It is recommended to engage in aerobic exercises of moderate intensity of at least 150 minutes a week or 75 minutes with high intensity aerobic exercises.

2. Exercises with weights twice a week: Turn on the exercises with weights aimed at strengthening all main muscle groups at least twice a week.

3. Start slowly: If you are a beginner in physical exercises, start slowly and gradually increase the intensity and duration of training.

4. Consult a doctor: Before starting a new exercise program, consult a doctor, especially if you have any chronic diseases.

XI. Alternative therapy

A. Acupuncture:

Acupuncture is a method of traditional Chinese medicine, which consists in introducing thin needles into certain points on the body. Some studies show that acupuncture can help alleviate the echoes and other symptoms of menopause.

B. Herbs:

Some herbs are traditionally used to treat symptoms of menopause. It is important to note that the effectiveness of herbs has not been fully studied, and their use should be discussed with a doctor.

1. Black Claw (Cimicifuga Racemosa): It can help relieve tide.

2. Dong Cui (Angelica Sinensis): It is traditionally used to treat female diseases, but scientific evidence of its effectiveness is not enough.

3. Ginseng (Panax Ginseng): It can help improve mood and energy level.

C. Meditation and yoga:

Meditation and yoga can help reduce stress, improve mood and sleep.

D. Hypnosis:

Some studies show that hypnosis can facilitate the ebb.

E. Massage:

Massage can help relax and reduce stress.

XII. Legal and financial aspects of health after 50

A. Health insurance:

1. Medical insurance: Make sure that you have adequate medical insurance that covers the necessary medical services, such as visiting a doctor, tests and medicines.

2. Long -term care: Consider the possibility of acquiring a long -term insurance policy to cover the costs of care at home or in the nursing home in the future.

B. Financial planning:

1. Pension savings: Continue to save money for retirement to ensure financial security in the future.

2. Planning of unforeseen expenses: Create a financial airbag to cover unforeseen expenses, such as medical accounts or home repair.

3. Inheritance planning: Make a will and other documents on the planning of the inheritance to ensure the protection of your assets and transfer them to your heirs.

C. Legal documents:

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