Anti -aging care: myths and reality

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Anti -aging care: myths and reality

I. Understanding aging: biological foundations

1. Cellular aging: key factor. Cell aging, or sensocal, is a fundamental biological process in which the cells stop sharing, but do not die. Instead, they accumulate in the tissues and release inflammatory molecules, known as a secretory phenotype associated with aging (SASP). SASP has a detrimental effect on the surrounding cells and tissues, contributing to the development of chronic diseases associated with aging, such as arthritis, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Factors that contribute to cellular aging include DNA damage, shortening telomeres, epigenetic changes and oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms of cellular aging is critical for the development of effective anti -aging strategies.

2. The role of telomer and telomerase. Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of the chromosomes, which shorten with each cell division. When telomeres become too short, the cell can no longer share and falls into a state of aging or apoptosis (programmable cell death). Telomerase is an enzyme that can lengthen telomeres, potentially slowing down the aging process. Studies have shown that the activation of telomerase can extend the life expectancy of cells and organisms, but is also associated with an increased risk of cancer. It is necessary to further study for the development of safe and effective methods of affecting telomeres and telomerase for anti -aging care.

3. Oxidizing stress and free radicals. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body is disturbed to neutralize them. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells, DNA and proteins, contributing to the development of aging and various diseases. Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals and protect the cells from oxidative damage. Diet, rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and polyphenols, can help reduce oxidative stress and slow down the aging process.

4. Mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria is cellular organelles that produce energy. Over time, the mitochondria function worsens, which leads to a decrease in energy production, an increase in the production of free radicals and increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of aging and age -related diseases. Strategies aimed at improving the function of mitochondria, such as physical exercises, calorie limiting and taking certain additives (for example, Q10 Coenzyme), can help slow down the aging process.

5. Glycation and final glycation products (Ags). Glycation is a process in which sugar molecules are attached to proteins and lipids, forming the final glycation products (Ags). Ages accumulate in tissues over time and contribute to the development of aging and age diseases. They can damage collagen and elastin, causing wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. Reducing sugar consumption, maintaining a healthy blood sugar and the use of cosmetics with anti -glycing agents can help reduce the formation of Ags.

6. Inflammation and “Inflammation of aging” (Inflammaging). Chronic, mild inflammation, known as “Inflammation of aging”, is another key factor in the aging process. Inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, can damage cells and tissues, contributing to the development of age -related diseases. Factors contributing to the “aging inframation” include cellular aging, the dysfunction of the immune system and the effects of environmental factors. Strategies aimed at reducing inflammation, such as a diet rich in anti-inflammatory products, physical exercises and taking certain additives (for example, omega-3 fatty acids), can help slow down the aging process.

7. Epigenetic changes. Epigenetics refers to changes in genes expression, which are not associated with changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes can be caused by environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle and the effect of toxins. These changes can affect the aging process and predisposition to age diseases. Studies in the field of epigenetics open up new opportunities for the development of anti -aging strategies aimed at circulating or mitigating negative epigenetic changes.

II. Anti -aging myths: exposure

1. “Magic Pill” from aging. A common myth lies in the existence of a single product or procedure that can completely stop or turn the process of aging. The reality is that aging is a complex multifactorial process that requires a comprehensive approach, including a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and the use of scientifically sounded means and procedures.

2. Dear cosmetics is always more effective. The price of the product is not always a guarantee of its effectiveness. Many expensive cosmetics contain the same active ingredients as more affordable options. It is important to pay attention to the composition of the product, the availability of clinical studies confirming its effectiveness, and consumer reviews.

3. Creams from wrinkles can completely remove them. Wrinkles can help reduce wrinkles, improve skin moisturizing and stimulate collagen production, but they cannot completely remove them. More invasive procedures, such as Botox injections or fillers, may be necessary for a more noticeable reduction in wrinkles.

4. The more SPF, the better the protection. SPF (Sun Protection Factor) indicates how much time it will take for the skin to burn under the influence of sunlight compared to unprotected skin. SPF 30 blocks about 97% UVB ray, and SPF 50-about 98%. Although SPF 50 provides slightly greater protection, the difference is small. It is more important to regularly apply a sufficient amount of sunscreen (about 30 ml for the whole body) and re -apply it every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

5. Sunscreen is needed only in the summer. The sun’s rays containing UVA and UVB rays are present all year round, even on cloudy days. UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin and contribute to premature aging, and UVB rays cause sunburn. Therefore, it is important to use sunscreen every day, regardless of the time of year.

6. Only women should use anti -aging care. Acting is a process that affects everyone, regardless of gender. Men can also benefit from anti -aging care to protect their skin from damage caused by the sun, reduce wrinkles and maintain a young look.

7. Genetics is the only factor that determines aging. Genetics plays a role in the process of aging, but the way of life and environmental factors also have a significant impact. A healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, regular physical exercises and rejection of smoking, can help slow down the aging process, even if you have a genetic predisposition to early aging.

8. Detox codes cleanse the body of toxins and rejuvenate. The body has its own detoxification mechanisms, such as liver and kidneys. Detox-codes are often ineffective and can be even harmful to health. Healthy nutrition, including a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, is the best way to support the natural processes of detoxification of the body.

9. “Natural” ingredients are always safer and more effective. Not all “natural” ingredients are safe or effective. Some natural substances can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is important to conduct a patch test before using new products containing natural ingredients, and choose products from reliable manufacturers.

10. Anti -aging care begins only after wrinkles. Prevention is the key to successful anti -aging care. You should start taking care of your skin at a young age to protect it from damage caused by the sun, and prevent premature aging.

III. Anti -aging reality: scientifically sound strategies

1. Sun protection: cornerstone of anti -aging care. Solar radiation is the main factor that contributes to premature skin aging. The regular use of sunscreen with a wide range of protection (SPF 30 or higher) helps to protect the skin from damage caused by UVA and UVB ray, and prevent the formation of wrinkles, pigment spots and elasticity loss. It is necessary to apply a sufficient amount of sunscreen to all open areas of the skin and re -apply it every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

2. Retinoids: Golden Standard of anti -aging care. Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives, which have proven their effectiveness in the fight against signs of skin aging. They stimulate collagen production, reduce wrinkles, improve the skin texture and lighten pigment spots. Retinoids can cause skin irritation, so they should begin to use them gradually, with small concentrations, and apply them only at night. Be sure to use sunscreen in the morning, as retinoids increase the sensitivity of the skin to the sun.

3. Antioxidants: protection against free radicals. Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals and protect the skin from oxidative damage. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10 and polyphenols are only some of the antioxidants that are often used in anti -aging cosmetics. Antioxidants help prevent the formation of wrinkles, age spots and the loss of skin elasticity.

4. Peptides: stimulation of collagen production. Peptides are short amino acid chains, which are building proteins, such as collagen and elastin. Some peptides can stimulate collagen production, improving the elasticity and elasticity of the skin and reducing wrinkles.

5. Hyaluronic acid: moisture and retention of moisture. Hyaluronic acid is a natural humidifier contained in the skin. It is able to hold water many times higher than its own weight, ensuring the moisturizing of the skin and improving its elasticity. Hyaluronic acid is widely used in anti -aging cosmetics to moisturize the skin, reduce wrinkles and give it a younger kind.

6. Niacinamide (vitamin B3): multifunctional ingredient. Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3, which has many useful properties for the skin. It helps reduce redness and inflammation, improve the barrier function of the skin, reduce pigmentation and narrow the pores. Niacinamide is an effective ingredient for combating signs of aging and improving the general condition of the skin.

7. Exfoliation: removal of dead skin cells. Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface, which helps to improve the skin texture, lighten its tone and stimulate cell renewal. Exfoliation can be carried out with the help of physical scrubs or chemical exfoliants, such as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) and beta-hydroxy acids (BHA).

8. Professional procedures: Improving the condition of the skin. There are many professional procedures that can help improve the condition of the skin and reduce signs of aging. These include:

   • Laser grinding: Removing the upper layers of the skin to reduce wrinkles, pigment spots and scars.
   • Chemical peeling: The use of chemical solutions for exfoliation of the skin and improve its texture and tone.
   • Micodermabrase: Skin exfoliation with microcrystals to improve its texture and tone.
   • Botox injections: Relaxation of the muscles of the face to reduce wrinkles.
   • Fillers injections: Filling wrinkles and folds to give the skin a younger look.
   • Micronidling: Stimulation of collagen production using a microhl.

9. Healthy lifestyle: the basis of anti -aging care. A healthy lifestyle plays an important role in the aging process. Balanced nutrition, regular physical exercises, sufficient sleep, rejection of smoking and restriction of alcohol use can help slow down the aging process and improve the overall state of health.

10. Nutrition for the skin: what is to remain young. A diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins and minerals can help protect the skin from damage and slow down the aging process. It is recommended to consume a lot of fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, healthy fats and protein. Products, sugar and trans fats must be avoided.

IV. Specific anti -aging ingredients: detailed review

1. Rintol and retinalde: Vitamin A varieties, retinol requires transformation into retinoic acid with skin to manifest activity, which makes it less intense, but softer. Retinaldehyde, on the other hand, is a direct predecessor of retinoic acid and demonstrates faster efficiency, but with potentially higher irritability. Both contribute to the renewal of cells, reduction of wrinkles and improving the tone of the skin. Concentration and form are important: start with low concentrations (0.01% – 0.03% retinol) and gradually increase them as the skin adapts. Booferization with a moisturizing cream can help soften irritation.

2. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and its derivatives): A powerful antioxidant that protects the skin from damage to free radicals and stimulates collagen production. Ascorbic acid is the most studied form, but can be unstable. Derivatives, such as sodium ascorbilphosphate and ascorbilpalmitate, are more stable, but can be less effective. Concentrations from 5% to 20% are usually used in serum. Pay attention to the packaging (opaque and sealed) to protect vitamin C from degradation.

3. Peptides (matrix, palmitoil pentapeptide-4): Fragments of proteins that signal the skin about the production of more collagen. Various peptides have different functions; Some stimulate the production of collagen, while others relax the muscles, like Botox (although to a lesser extent). Effective in concentrations from 3% to 8%. Look for them in serums and creams.

4. Hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate): A humidifier attracting and holding water in the skin. Despite the name “acid”, it is very gentle and suitable for all skin types. The molecular weight matters: low molecular weight hyaluronic acid penetrates deeper into the skin, providing moisturizing from the inside, while high molecular weight hyaluronic acid creates a protective barrier on the surface of the skin.

5. Niacinamide (vitamin B3): Multifunctional ingredient with anti -inflammatory, antioxidant and clarifying properties. It strengthens the skin barrier, reduces redness and pigmentation and narrows pores. Effective in concentrations from 2% to 5%. It is well tolerated by most people.

6. Coenzim Q10 (Uthihinone): An antioxidant that helps protect the cells from damage with free radicals and improve energy production in cells. It can also help reduce wrinkles and improve skin elasticity. It is often used in creams and serums.

7. Alfa-hydroxy acids (AHA) (glycolic acid, lactic acid): Exfoliating acids that help remove the dead skin cells and improve the skin texture. Glycolic acid is the most studied and effective AHA, but can also be the most annoying. Lactic acid is more delicate. Use with caution, especially if you have sensitive skin, and always use sunscreen. Concentrations from 5% to 10% are usually used in peeling and lotions.

8. Beta-hydroxy acids (BHA) (salicylic acid): Exfoliating acid, which penetrates the pores and helps to cleanse them of pollution and skin fat. Especially useful for oily and prone to acne of the skin. Concentrations from 0.5% to 2% are usually used in tones and cleansers.

9. Plant extracts (green tea, grenade, grape bones): They contain antioxidants and anti -inflammatory compounds that can help protect the skin from damage and slow down the aging process. Choose products with standardized extracts to ensure constant efficiency.

10. Ceramides: Lipids that help strengthen the skin barrier and maintain moisture. They are necessary to maintain healthy and moisturized skin. Often used in moisturizers and serums.

V. Anti -aging care by age: individual approach

1. 20s: Prevention is the best friend. The main goal at this age is prevention. Focus on the protection from the sun with the help of a daily sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher). Include a soft cleansing agent, a light moisturizer and antioxidant serum (for example, with vitamin C) to protect against damage to free radicals. Consider the possibility of adding retinol in a low concentration once or twice a week to stimulate cell renewal.

2. 30s: struggle against the first signs of aging. At this age, the first signs of aging may appear, such as thin lines and loss of elasticity. Continue to use sunscreen and antioxidants. Increase the frequency of use of retinol or switch to a higher concentration. Add peptide serum to your care to stimulate collagen production. Consider the possibility of using hyaluronic acid to moisturize the skin.

3. 40s and 50s: intensive care. At this age, signs of aging become more noticeable. Continue to use all the products that you used earlier and add more intense anti -aging products. Consider the possibility of using a cream with retinoids of the prescription force. Look for products containing ceramides to strengthen the skin barrier. Consider the possibility of professional procedures, such as laser grinding or chemical peeling, to reduce wrinkles and age spots.

4. 60s and older: food and moisture. At this age, the skin becomes thinner and dry. Focus on the nutrition and moisturizing of the skin. Use soft cleansing agents and rich moisturizers containing ceramides and hyaluronic acid. Continue to use sunscreen. Consider the possibility of using oils for additional moisturizing. Avoid aggressive procedures that can damage the skin.

VI. Life and aging: not only skin care

1. Nutrition: antioxidants and anti -inflammatory products. Diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low -fat protein, provides the body with the necessary nutrients to maintain healthy skin. The antioxidants contained in berries, dark leafy vegetables and nuts help protect the skin from damage to free radicals. Anti -inflammatory products, such as fatty fish (salmon, tuna) and olive oil, can help reduce the “aging inflamation”.

2. Exercise: Improving blood circulation and collagen production. Regular physical exercises improve blood circulation, which causes more oxygen and nutrients to the skin. They also stimulate the production of collagen, which helps maintain skin elasticity.

3. Sleep: restoration and regeneration. During sleep, the skin is restored and regenerated. The lack of sleep can lead to the appearance of dark circles under the eyes, dull skin and increased susceptibility to wrinkles. Strive by 7-8 hours of quality sleep every night.

4. Stress management: reducing the level of cortisol. Chronic stress can increase the level of cortisol, stress hormone, which can damage collagen and elastin in the skin. Find healthy ways to control stress, such as yoga, meditation or conducting time in nature.

5. Hydration: moisturizing from the inside. Water is necessary to maintain skin health. The use of enough water helps to moisturize the skin from the inside, improve its elasticity and reduce wrinkles.

6. Refusal of smoking: one of the best anti -aging strategies. Smoking is one of the most harmful skin factors. It damages collagen and elastin, causes wrinkles, dull complexion and increases the risk of skin cancer. Refusal of smoking is one of the best things that you can do for your skin and health.

7. Limiting of alcohol use: prevention of dehydration and inflammation. Alcohol can dehydrate the skin and cause inflammation, which contributes to the appearance of wrinkles and other signs of aging. Limit alcohol use to preserve healthy and young skin.

8. Caring for the intestinal microbioma: the connection between the intestines and skin. Studies show that there is a connection between intestinal microbioma and skin health. The imbalance in the intestinal microbiome can lead to inflammation and skin problems such as acne and eczema. Maintain healthy intestinal microbias, consuming products rich in probiotics (yogurt, kefir) and prebiotics (onions, garlic, bananas).

VII. Future of anti -aging care: new technologies and research

1. Exosomas: Delivery of active ingredients. Exosomas are tiny vesiculas secreted by cells that can deliver active ingredients directly to the skin cells. Studies show that exosomes can improve the effectiveness of anti -aging agents.

2. Personalized skin care: genetic analysis and individual formulas. Genetic analysis can help determine the individual needs of the skin and a predisposition to certain problems. Based on these data, you can develop personalized skin care formulas, which will be the most effective for a particular person.

3. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning: skin analysis and recommendations. AI and machine learning are used to analyze the skin using images and providing personalized care recommendations. These technologies can help determine the problems of the skin at an early stage and develop effective treatment strategies.

4. Regenerative medicine: restoration of damaged tissues. Regenerative medicine is a promising area that is aimed at restoring damaged tissues and organs. In the future, it can be used to restore the skin damaged by aging or exposure to environmental factors.

5. Seneolics: elimination of aging cells. Seneolics are a class of drugs that can selectively kill aging cells. Studies show that seneolics can improve health and extend life expectancy. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of senolithics for anti -aging care.

6. Genomic editing (CRISPR): Potential change in the aging process. Genomic editing is a technology that allows you to accurately edit genes. In the future, it can be used to change genes associated with aging, and potentially slow down or even turn this process back. However, this technology is still at an early stage of development, and there are serious ethical considerations that must be taken into account.

VIII. Anti -aging makeup: Illusion of youth

1. Skin preparation: moisturizing and primer. Moisturized skin looks younger. Use a moisturizer and primer to create a smooth base for makeup. The primer also helps fill thin lines and pores.

2. Light coating: Avoid severe foundations. Severe bases can be clogged into wrinkles and make them more noticeable. Use a light base or a BB cream to level the skin tone.

3. Cream textures: moisturizing and radiance. Cream blush, shadows and highlighter look more natural on mature skin than powder products. They also provide additional moisture and radiance.

4. Corrector: lightening and disguise. Use the corrector to lighten dark circles under the eyes and mask pigment spots. Choose a corrector for tone lighter than your skin tone.

5. Brows: definition and structure. Well -designed eyebrows can make you younger. Fill rare eyebrows with a pencil or eyebrow shadows.

6. Evance on the eyes: Avoid dark shadows. Dark shadows can make the eyes less and emphasize wrinkles. Use light, neutral shadows to open your eyes.

7. Mascara: volume and length. Mascara helps to emphasize the eyes and make them more expressive. Use mascara for volume and length.

8. Lipstick: moisturizing and color. Moisturizing lipstick with a slight brilliance can make the lips more complete and young. Avoid dark and matte lipsticks that can dry the lips.

9. Highlaiter: Lights and accent. Apply a highlighter to cheekbones, under an eyebrow and nose bridge to give the skin a radiance and highlight facial features.

10. Makeup consolidation: light powder. Use light powder to fix the makeup and reduce shine. Avoid applying too much powder, as it can make the skin dry and emphasize wrinkles.

IX. Anti -aging care for different types of skin

1. Dry skin: Focus on the moisturizing and nutrition of the skin. Use soft cleansing agents, rich moisturizers, serums with hyaluronic acid and face oil. Avoid aggressive exfoliants and products containing alcohol.

2. Burnic leather: Focus on the control of the production of sebum and preventing the blockage of pores. Use light cleansing agents, tonics with salicylic acid, moisturizing creams without oils and clay masks.

3. Combined skin: Focus on skin balancing. Use different products for different sections of the face. For example, use a lighter moisturizer in fat areas and a more saturated moisturizer in dry areas.

4. Sensitive skin: Focus on the calm and protection of the skin. Use soft, hypoallergenic products that do not contain flavorings, dyes and alcohol. Make a patch test before using new products.

5. Skin prone to acne: Focus on the treatment of acne and prevent new rashes. Use products containing salicylic acid, benzoilexide or retinoids. Avoid comedogenic ingredients.

X. The importance of consulting with a dermatologist

Consultation with a dermatologist is an important step in developing effective anti -aging care. A dermatologist can assess the condition of your skin, determine your skin type and recommend the most suitable products and procedures. He can also help you identify and treat any skin problems such as acne, rosacea or eczema. Feel free to contact a dermatologist for advice and skin care recommendations.

XI. Colligen errors: inside and out

1. Myth: Collagen in creams penetrates deep into the skin and restores its structure. Reality: Collagen molecules are too large to penetrate the upper layers of the skin. They act mainly as moisturizing components, improving surface moisturizing.

2. Myth: Reception of collagen inside directly replenishes the collagen in the skin. Reality: When taking inside, collagen is broken into amino acids, which are used by the body for protein synthesis, including collagen. However, there is no guarantee that these amino acids will be directed precisely to the skin. Nevertheless, studies show that the intake of collagen can stimulate the production of its own collagen in the skin, improving its elasticity and hydration.

3. Reality: collagen peptides (hydrolyzed collagen) are more effective. A hydrolyzed collagen is a collagen split into smaller fragments (peptides), which are easier to absorb by the body.

4. Recommendations for receiving collagen: The dosage varies, but usually 2.5-15 grams per day. It is important to choose quality products from reliable manufacturers.

5. The combination of collagen with other components: The effectiveness of taking collagen can be increased by combining it with vitamin C, which is necessary for the synthesis of collagen, and hyaluronic acid, which helps to moisturize the skin.

XII. Anti -aging skin care around the eyes: delicate zone

1. Features of the skin around the eyes: The skin around the eyes is thinner and sensitive than on the rest of the face. It contains less collagen and elastin, which makes it more prone to the appearance of wrinkles and dark circles.

2. Key ingredients for skin care around the eyes:

   • Peptides: They stimulate collagen production and reduce wrinkles.
   • Retinoids (in a low concentration): Improve skin texture and reduce wrinkles.
   • Vitamin C: Protects from free radicals and lights up dark circles.
   • Hyaluronic acid: Moisturizes the skin and reduces thin lines.
   • Caffeine: Reduces swelling and dark circles.

3. Eye cream tips: Apply the eye cream with light pathetic movements with a ring finger so as not to stretch the skin. Do not apply the cream too close to the eyelash line to avoid irritation.

4. Sun protection: Be sure to use sun -protection skin around the eyes to prevent wrinkles and pigment spots.

5. Sleep and rest: The lack of sleep can lead to the appearance of dark circles under the eyes. Try to get enough sleep and avoid stress.

XIII. The effectiveness of “folk” anti -aging means

1. Oils (coconut, olive, argan): They can moisturize the skin, but do not have pronounced anti -aging properties. Coconut oil can be comedogenic for some types of skin.

2. Honey: Has moisturizing and antibacteria