How to care for hair at home

Section 1: Understanding the structure of hair and skin types

To ensure proper hair care at home, it is important to first understand the hair structure and the type of scalp. This knowledge will allow you to choose the most effective products and procedures adapted to your individual needs.

1.1 Hair structure: microscopic view

The hair consists of three main layers:

• Cuticle: The outer protective layer consisting of overlapping scales resembling a tile on the roof. A healthy cuticle is smooth and brilliant, reflects light and protects the inner layers from damage. The damaged cuticle becomes porous and rough, which leads to dryness, brittleness and dullness.
• Cortex: The thickest layer of the hair, which is the main part of its mass. Cortex contains keratin protein, which is responsible for strength, elasticity and hair color. This layer also determines the texture of the hair (straight, wavy, curly).
• Medulla: The most inner hair layer, not always present. Medulla consists of soft, porous cells and does not play a significant role in determining the characteristics of the hair.

1.2 Types of scalp: the key to proper care

The type of scalp directly affects the health and appearance of the hair. The following types are distinguished:

• Normal scalp: Balanced secretion of sebum, lack of itching and irritation. The hair looks healthy and shiny, not prone to rapid pollution.
• Dry scalp: Insufficient secretion of sebum, which leads to itching, peeling and feeling of tightness. Hair becomes dry, brittle and dull, prone to stripping tips.
• Fat scalp: Excessive secretion of sebum, which leads to rapid hair pollution, the appearance of oily shine and possible dandruff. Hair looks weighted and lose volume.
• Sensitive scalp: The tendency to irritation, redness, itching and peeling in response to various factors, such as aggressive shampoos, staining and styling.

1.3 Definition of the type of scalp:

The easiest way to determine the type of scalp is to observe the condition of the hair and sensations of the scalp 1-2 days after washing.

• Normal scalp: The hair looks clean and fresh, there is no itching or irritation.
• Dry scalp: The feeling of tightness, itching, peeling, hair is dry and dull.
• Fat scalp: The hair looks oily and weighted, especially at the roots.
• Sensitive scalp: Itching, redness, irritation after washing or using liability.

Section 2: Fundamentals of proper hair washing

Washing hair is the main stage of care, and the correct implementation of this procedure is crucial for the health and beauty of the hair.

2.1 selection of shampoo: selection by the type of scalp

The choice of shampoo should be based on the type of scalp, and not on the type of hair.

• For normal scalp: Shampoos with neutral pH and soft cleansing components are suitable.
• For dry scalp: Moisturizing and nutritious shampoos containing oils, glycerin, hyaluronic acid are needed. Shampoos with sulfates should be avoided.
• For oily scalp: Shampoos with soft cleansing components, salicylic acid, zinc, clay are recommended. Shampoos with oils and silicones should be avoided.
• For sensitive scalp: Hypoallergenic shampoos without fragrances, dyes and aggressive components are needed.

2.2 Hair washing technique:

1. Thoroughly moisten your hair with warm water. Hot water can dry the hair and scalp.
2. Apply a small amount of shampoo in the palm of your hand and foam. Do not apply shampoo directly to the scalp.
3. Gently massage the scalp with your fingertips for 2-3 minutes. This stimulates blood circulation and helps to remove pollution.
4. Rinse the shampoo thoroughly with warm water. Make sure that there were no shampoo residues left on the hair.
5. Repeat the procedure if necessary. If the hair is very contaminated, you can repeat washing.

2.3 Using air conditioning and masks:

• Air conditioner: It is applied after each washing with shampoo. It helps to close the hair cuticle, facilitates combing, gives shine and protects against damage. The air conditioner is applied only to the length of the hair, avoiding the roots.
• Hair mask: It is used 1-2 times a week for more intense care. The mask penetrates deep into the hair structure, nourishes, moisturizes and restores damage. The mask can be applied both to the entire length of the hair, and only on the ends.

2.4 Correct hair drying:

• Do not try your hair with a towel. This can damage the cuticle and lead to brittleness. Gently get your hair with a towel to remove excess moisture.
• Use a hairdryer with thermal protection. High temperatures can damage hair. Dry hair with a hairdryer at low temperature and using a heat -protective agent.
• Let your hair dry naturally, if possible. This is the most gentle way of drying hair.

Section 3: Nutrition and Hair Moisturization

Proper nutrition and moisture are the key to healthy and beautiful hair.

3.1 The importance of moisture:

Moisturized hair is more elastic, shiny and less susceptible to damage.

• Moisturizing masks: They contain ingredients that attract and hold moisture, such as glycerin, hyaluronic acid, aloe vera.
• Moisturizing air conditioners and balms: They are used after each washing to maintain the optimal moisture level in the hair.
• Infutable moisturizers: Apply to wet or dry hair for additional hydration and protection.

3.2 Nourishing hair for hair:

The oils are rich in fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that nourish and strengthen hair.

• Coconut oil: Penetrates into the structure of the hair, strengthens it and protects it from damage.
• Argan Oil: Gives the hair shine, softness and elasticity.
• Olive oil: Moisturizes and nourishes hair, gives them strength and shine.
• Jojoba oil: Regulates the production of skin fat, suitable for oily scalp.
• Almond oil: Strengthens the hair, stimulates their growth and gives it shine.

3.3 Home hair masks:

Preparation of hair masks at home allows you to use natural ingredients and adapt the recipe for individual needs.

• Avocado mask and olive oil: Nourishes and moisturizes dry and damaged hair.
• Mask from honey and coconut oil: Gives the hair shine and softness.
• Mask made of egg yolks and olive oil: Strengthens hair and stimulates their growth.
• Kefir mask: Moisturizes the scalp and gives the hair shine.

3.4 Proper nutrition for healthy hair:

Hair health depends on the general condition of the body and proper nutrition.

• Protein: It is necessary to build keratin, the main component of the hair. Include meat, fish, eggs, legumes in your diet.
• Vitamins: Vitamins of group B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E are necessary for the growth and health of hair.
• Minerals: Iron, zinc, selenium are necessary for the health of the scalp and hair.
• Fatty acids: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are necessary to moisturize the hair and scalp.

Section 4: Care for different types of hair

Each type of hair requires an individual approach and special tools.

4.1 Care for straight hair:

• Problem: Land hair is often thin and devoid of volume, quickly polluted.
• Decision:
  • Use shampoos for volume with light texture.
  • Avoid the use of a large number of air conditioning and masks so as not to weight hair.
  • Use dry shampoos to refresh hair between washing.
  • Make styling with easy means for volume, such as mousses and sprays.

4.2 Care for wavy hair:

• Problem: Wavy hair is often dry and fluffy, prone to curling.
• Decision:
  • Use moisturizing shampoos and air conditioners.
  • Apply indelible means to moisturize and control fluffiness.
  • Dry your hair with a diffuser to keep the curl.
  • Avoid combing dry hair so as not to damage the curl.

4.3 Curly hair care:

• Problem: Curly hair is often very dry and brittle, require intense moisturizing and nutrition.
• Decision:
  • Use shampoos and air conditioners without sulfates and silicones.
  • Apply hair masks 1-2 times a week.
  • Use Co-Wash technique (hair washing only by air conditioning).
  • Apply indelible means to moisturize and form a curl.
  • Dry your hair with a diffuser at low temperature.
  • Sleep on a silk or satin pillowcase to reduce friction and fluffy.

4.4 Care for dyed hair:

• Problem: Coloring can damage the hair, make it dry and brittle.
• Decision:
  • Use shampoos and air conditioners for dyed hair that help keep color and moisturize your hair.
  • Apply hair masks 1-2 times a week to restore damaged hair.
  • Use heat protection products before laying hot tools.
  • Avoid frequent hair washing to keep color.
  • Do hair tinting to maintain color brightness.

4.5 Care for damaged hair:

• Reasons: Excessive use of hot tools, chemical curls, staining, improper care.
• Decision:
  • Use restorative shampoos and air conditioners with keratin, proteins, amino acids.
  • Apply hair masks 2-3 times a week for intense recovery.
  • Use indelible means to protect against damage.
  • Cut the split ends regularly.
  • Avoid the use of hot tools and chemical procedures until the hair is recovering.

Section 5: Hair protection from negative factors

Hair is exposed to various negative factors that can damage their structure and appearance.

5.1 Sun protection:

The sun can dry and bleach hair, so it is necessary to use funds with SPF.

• Hair sprays with SPF: Apply to the hair before going to the sun.
• Hats and scarves: Protect hair from direct exposure to sunlight.

5.2 Protection against high temperatures:

Hot styling tools can damage the hair, so it is necessary to use heat protection products.

• Thermal protection sprays and creams: Apply to the hair before using a hair dryer, ironing or curling iron.

5.3 Wind protection:

The wind can dry and confuse hair, so it is necessary to use indelible products to moisturize and protection.

• Infilated oils and creams: Apply to the hair to protect against wind and moisturizing.

5.4 Protection against chlorinated water:

Chlorine can dry and damage the hair, especially dyed.

• Apply air conditioning to the hair before swimming. This will create a protective barrier.
• Use a swimming hat. This will help protect the hair from chlorinated water.
• Rinse your hair thoroughly after swimming. This will help to remove chlorine from the hair.

5.5 Sea water protection:

Sea water can dry and make hair tough.

• Apply oil to the hair before swimming in the sea. This will create a protective barrier.
• Rinse your hair thoroughly after bathing into the sea. This will help remove hair salt.

Section 6: Hair styling without harm

Proper hair styling allows you to create beautiful hairstyles without damaging their structure.

6.1 Selection of styling tools:

• Feng: Choose a hair dryer with temperature and power. Use drying and laying nozzles.
• Irigics: Choose an iron with a ceramic or turmaline coating that evenly distributes heat and does not dry your hair.
• Carriage: Choose a curling iron with temperature control and various diameters to create different types of curls.

6.2 Laying technique:

• Use heat protection products before laying hot tools.
• Do not hold a hot tool in one place for too long.
• Do not lay wet hair with hot tools.
• Use combs with wide teeth so as not to damage your hair.
• Avoid tight hairstyles that can damage the hair and scalp.

6.3 Natural styling tools:

• Gel from flax seeds: Helps to fix the hairstyle and give the hair shine.
• Salt spray: Creates the effect of beach waves.
• Sugar spray: Gives the hair volume and texture.

Section 7: scalp massage

Scalp massage stimulates blood circulation, improves the nutrition of hair follicles and promotes hair growth.

7.1 Massage technique:

1. Apply a small amount of oil to the scalp (coconut, olive, almond).
2. Gently massage the scalp with your fingertips in a circular motion for 5-10 minutes.
3. Move from the forehead to the back of the head and from the temples to the crown.
4. Complete massage with light stroking.

7.2 The benefits of massage of the scalp:

• Improves blood circulation: Promotes the delivery of nutrients to hair follicles.
• Stimulates hair growth: Improves nutrition of hair follicles and promotes the growth of new hair.
• Relieves voltage: Relaxes the muscles of the head and neck.
• Improves the general condition of the hair: Makes the hair more healthy, shiny and strong.

Section 8: Solving common hair problems

Many people face various problems with hair, such as dandruff, hair loss, split ends.

8.1 dandruff:

• Reasons: Malassezia Globosa fungus, dry scalp, oily scalp, stress, malnutrition.
• Decision:
  • Use shampoos against dandruff with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithion, salicylic acid.
  • Avoid the use of aggressive shampoos and styling products.
  • Eat in a balanced and avoid stress.
  • Use home remedies, such as apple cider vinegar or tea tree oil.

8.2 hair loss:

• Reasons: Genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, stress, malnutrition, deficiency of vitamins and minerals, scalp diseases.
• Decision:
  • Contact a trichologist to identify the cause of hair loss.
  • Eat in a balanced and take vitamins and minerals.
  • Avoid stress.
  • Use shampoos and hair strengthening products.
  • Carry through the scalp massage.

8.3 Serving tips:

• Reasons: Dry hair, damage to hot tools, chemical procedures, improper combing.
• Decision:
  • Cut the split ends regularly.
  • Use moisturizing shampoos and air conditioners.
  • Apply oils and indelible products to the ends of the hair.
  • Avoid the use of hot tools and chemical procedures.
  • Comb the hair carefully, starting from the tips.

8.4 Slow hair growth:

• Reasons: Insufficient nutrition, stress, hormonal disorders, scalp diseases.
• Decision:
  • Eat in a balanced and take vitamins and minerals.
  • Avoid stress.
  • Massage the scalp.
  • Use shampoos and means to stimulate hair growth.
  • Avoid tight hairstyles.

Section 9: Hair Care Tips depending on the time of year

Hair care should adapt to weather changes and seasons.

9.1 hair care in the summer:

• Protect the hair from the sun: Use hair sprays with SPF, wear hats and scarves.
• Moisturize your hair: Use moisturizing shampoos, air conditioners and masks.
• Protect your hair from chlorinated and sea water: Apply air conditioning or oil before swimming, use a hat for swimming, thoroughly rinse your hair after swimming.

9.2 hair care in winter:

• Moisten the air indoors: Use a humidifier to prevent drying hair and scalp.
• Avoid frequent hair wash: Frequent washing can dry hair.
• Use moisturizing shampoos and air conditioners: Choose products with nutrient oils and vitamins.
• Wear hats: Protect your hair from cold and wind.

9.3 hair care in spring and autumn:

• Strengthen your hair: Take vitamins and minerals to strengthen hair.
• Make hair masks: Use masks for nutrition and restoration of hair after winter or summer.
• Cut the split ends: Update your hair after winter or summer.

Section 10: Hair care myths

There are many myths about hair care that can be misleading and leading to incorrect care.

10.1 Myth: Frequent hair washing harms hair.

• Reality: The frequency of washing the hair depends on the type of scalp and the degree of hair pollution. If the scalp is oily, then you can wash your hair daily. If the scalp is dry, then it is enough to wash your hair 2-3 times a week. The main thing is to use soft shampoos that do not dry hair.

10.2 myth: you need to often change the shampoo so that the hair does not get used to it.

• Reality: Hair does not get used to shampoo. If the shampoo suits your type of scalp and satisfies your needs, then there is no need to change it.

10.3 Myth: Hair combing 100 times a day makes the hair more brilliant and healthy.

• Reality: Excessive combing can damage hair. It is enough to comb your hair several times a day to unravel it and distribute the skin fat along the entire length of the hair.

10.4 Myth: Serving tips can be “glued” using special means.

• Reality: Serving tips cannot be “glued”. The only way to get rid of split ends is to cut them. Special tools can temporarily hide the problem, but will not solve it.

10.5 Myth: if you pull out one gray hair, then two will grow in its place.

• Reality: This is not true. Ending a gray hair will not affect the amount of gray hair. Gray hair appears due to a decrease in the production of melanin, pigment, which is responsible for hair color.

Section 11: Review of popular hair care products

The market presents a huge selection of hair care products. It is important to know which means are suitable for your type of hair and what ingredients should be sought.

• Shampoos: Choose shampoo in accordance with your type of scalp. Pay attention to the composition: Avoid aggressive sulfates, parabens and silicones.
• Air conditioners: Air conditioners help close the hair cuticle, facilitate combing and give shine. Choose air conditioning in accordance with your hair type.
• Hair masks: Hair masks provide more intense care, nourish, moisturize and restore damaged hair. Use masks 1-2 times a week.
• Hair oils: The oils are rich in fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that nourish and strengthen hair. Use oils to moisturize, protection and give shine to your hair.
• Inexpressible means: Infutable products provide additional care and protection during the day. Use indelible means to moisturize, control fluffiness and protection against damage.
• Thermal protection products: Thermal protection products protect the hair from damage when using hot tools. Use heat protection products before using a hair dryer, ironing or curling iron.
• Styling tools: Gels, mousses, varnishes and sprays help create a hairstyle and fix it. Choose styling products in accordance with your hair type and the desired result.

Section 12: professional hair care procedures

In addition to home care, there are professional procedures that help improve the condition of the hair and solve various problems.

• Hair lamination: Creates a protective film on the surface of the hair, makes the hair more smooth, shiny and obedient.
• Keratin hair straightening: It straightens the hair and makes it more smooth and shiny.
• Botox for hair: Restores damaged hair, fills the voids in the structure of the hair and makes it stronger and more healthy.
• Mesotherapy of the scalp: The introduction of special drugs into the scalp that stimulate hair growth and improve their condition.
• Plasmolifting of the scalp: The introduction of blood plasma in the scalp, enriched with platelets, which stimulates hair growth and improves their condition.
• Piling of the scalp: Removes keratinized cells of the scalp, improves blood circulation and promotes hair growth.

Section 13: Natural recipes for strengthening and hair growth

Nature offers many effective ingredients for strengthening and hair growth.

• Burdock oil: Strengthens the hair follicles, stimulates hair growth and prevents hair loss. Apply burdock oil to the scalp, massage and leave for 1-2 hours, then rinse with shampoo.
• Castor oil: It stimulates hair growth, strengthens the hair follicles and gives the hair shine. Apply castor oil to the scalp, massage and leave for 1-2 hours, then rinse with shampoo.
• Onion juice: Stimulates hair growth, strengthens the hair follicles and prevents hair loss. Apply onion juice to the scalp, massage and leave for 30 minutes, then rinse with shampoo.
• Mustard mask: It stimulates hair growth, improves blood circulation of the scalp and strengthens the hair follicles. Mix mustard powder with water and apply to the scalp for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Yeast mask: Strengthens the hair follicles, stimulates hair growth and gives the hair volume. Mix yeast with warm water and honey, let it brew for 30 minutes, then apply the head and hair for 30 minutes, then rinse with shampoo.

Section 14: The importance of a regular visit to a trichologist

To maintain the health of hair and scalp, it is important to regularly visit a trichologist. A trichologist is a specialist who is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the hair and scalp.

• When to contact a trichologist:

  • When hair loss.
  • With dandruff.
  • With itching and irritation of the scalp.
  • With slow hair growth.
  • With a deterioration of hair condition (brittleness, dryness, dullness).

• What does the trichologist do:

  • It examines the scalp and hair.
  • Collects an anamnesis.
  • Prescribes the necessary tests.
  • Diagnosed.
  • Prescribes treatment.
  • Gives recommendations for hair care.

Section 15: The latest hair care trends

The world of hair care is constantly developing, new products, technologies and trends appear.

• Skin-keir for hair: Scalp care, as for the skin of the face. The use of scrubs, peels, masks and serum for the scalp.
• Ecological products: The use of natural, organic and environmentally friendly hair care products.
• Personalized care: Selection of funds and procedures for hair care in accordance with individual needs.
• Minimalism in care: Reducing the amount of funds used and simplifying hair care.
• Pollution Protection: The use of tools that protect hair from the negative environmental effects.

Section 16: Practical tips to prevent hair damage

Prevention of damage is the key to healthy and beautiful hair.

• Cut the split ends regularly: This will help prevent further hair breakdown.
• Use combs with wide teeth: This will help to avoid damage and brittle hair.
• Do not comb your wet hair: Wet hair is more vulnerable and easily damaged.
• Avoid tight hairstyles: Tight hairstyles can damage the hair and scalp.
• Do not try your hair with a towel: This can damage the hair cuticle.
• Use a silk or satin pillowcase: This will reduce friction and prevent brittle hair during sleep.
• Avoid chemical procedures: Chemical curls, dyeing and straightening of hair can damage hair.
• Protect the hair from the sun, wind and chlorinated water: Use the appropriate protective equipment.
• Eat in a balanced and take vitamins and minerals: Hair health depends on the general condition of the body.
• Avoid stress: Stress can negatively affect the condition of the hair.

These sections provide a comprehensive guide to hair care at home, covering all essential aspects from understanding hair structure to advanced treatments and preventative measures. The detailed information and practical advice will help readers achieve healthy, beautiful hair.