Bades to improve digestion: what to choose?

I. Understanding digestion: Fundamentals and problems

A. Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system

1. Rot cavity: The beginning of the digestive process. Mechanical grinding with teeth, chemical treatment with saliva containing amylase (carbohydrate splitting). The tongue forms a food lump (Bolus).

2. Esophagus: A tube connecting the oral cavity to the stomach. Peristaltic muscle contractions pushes the pain in the stomach.

3. Stomach: Place of primary chemical processing of food. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid (HCl) for denaturation of proteins and pepsin (splitting of proteins into peptides). Contractions of the muscles of the stomach mix food, forming the chimus.

4. Small intestine: The main place of digestion and absorption of nutrients. Consists of three departments:

   • Duodenum: Here there is a neutralization of sour chimus bile (emulsification of fats) and pancreatic juice (enzymes for the splitting of proteins, fats and carbohydrates).
   • Jejunum: The main place of absorption of nutrients, including amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals.
   • Ileum: The process of absorption, especially vitamin B12 and bile acids, completes.

5. Bulshose intestines: Hydowing water and electrolytes. Formation of feces. It contains a large amount of bacteria (intestinal microbiota) involved in the fermentation of food residues and the synthesis of some vitamins (for example, vitamin K).

6. REAME Testament and Anus: Storage and removal of feces.

7. Auxiliary organs:

   • Liver: It produces bile necessary for emulsing fats. Participates in the metabolism of nutrients, detoxification and storage of glycogen.
   • Gall bladder: Keeps and concentrates bile.
   • Pancreas: It produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes for digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as bicarbonate for neutralization of sour chimus.

B. digestive disorders: main types and causes

1. Dyspepsia: The general term, covering various symptoms associated with digestive disorders, such as bloating, heartburn, nausea, a feeling of overflow after eating, pain in the epigastrics.

   • Reasons: Imorous nutrition (fatty, spicy, fried food, overeating), stress, smoking, alcohol, some drugs (for example, NSAIDs), infections (Helicobacter pylori), functional disorders (for example, functional dyspepsia).

2. Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): Chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, change in the frequency and consistency of the stool (diarrhea, constipation or their alternation).

   • Reasons: Unknown, but risk factors include a genetic predisposition, disorders of the intestinal microbiota, increased sensitivity of internal organs, stress, and transferred infections.

3. Constipation: Rare or difficult defecation.

   • Reasons: The lack of fiber in the diet, dehydration, a sedentary lifestyle, delayed defecation, some drugs (for example, opioids, antidepressants), diseases (for example, hypothyroidism, IBS).

4. Diarrhea: Frequent and liquid defecation.

   • Reasons: Infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic), food poisoning, drugs (for example, antibiotics), inflammatory intestinal diseases (for example, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), IBS, lactose intolerance.

5. Heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease – GERB): Casting gastric contents into the esophagus, which causes burning behind the sternum.

   • Reasons: The weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter, increased intra -abdominal pressure (obesity, pregnancy), hernial hernia of the diaphragm, smoking, some products (for example, chocolate, coffee, alcohol), and drugs.

6. Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

   • Reasons: Unknown, but risk factors include a genetic predisposition, violations of the immune system, and environmental factors.

7. Lactose intolerance: The inability to digest lactose (milk sugar) due to the lack of lactase enzyme.

   • Reasons: Genetic predisposition, damage to the small intestine (for example, infection).

8. Celiacia: Autoimmune disease caused by the use of gluten (protein contained in wheat, rye and barley).

   • Reasons: Genetic predisposition.

9. Dysbiosis (intestinal microbiota): Violation of the balance of microorganisms in the intestines.

   • Reasons: Antibiotics, malnutrition, stress, infections, inflammatory intestinal diseases.

C. Diagnosis of digestive problems

1. Anamnesis collection and physical examination: Assessment of symptoms, medical history, lifestyle and food habits.

2. Blood tests: A general blood test, a biochemical blood test (assessment of the liver, pancreas), tests for markers of inflammation (for example, C-reactive protein).

3. The analysis: Assessment of the presence of blood, parasites, bacteria, fat, inflammatory markers (for example, calprotetin).

4. Endoscopic studies:

   • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS): Inspection of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum with an endoscope.
   • Colonoscopy: Inspection of the large intestine using an endoscope.

5. X -ray studies: X -ray with barium, CT, MRI.

6. Respiratory tests: Lactose intolerance test, Helicobacter pylori test.

7. Biopsy: Taking tissue samples for histological examination.

II. Diet to support digestion: review and mechanisms of action

A. Enzymes

1. Proteolithic enzymes (proteases): The proteins are split into peptides and amino acids.

   • Examples: Papain (from papaya), Bromelain (from pineapple), tripisin, churipripsin, pepsin (animal origin).
   • The mechanism of action: Improve protein digestion, reduce bloating, facilitate the symptoms of dyspepsia.
   • Indications: Pancreatic failure failure, dyspepsia, bloating, impaired protein digestion.
   • Cautions: They can cause allergic reactions, are not recommended for ulcerative disease of the stomach and duodenum in the aggravation stage.

2. Lipase: It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerin.

   • Examples: Lipase of animal origin, lipase of fungal origin.
   • The mechanism of action: It improves the digestion of fats, reduces bloating, facilitates the symptoms of steatores (increased fat content in feces).
   • Indications: Pancreatic failure failure, fat digestion, malabsorption syndrome.
   • Cautions: They can cause diarrhea with an overdose.

3. Amylase: He breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into simple sugars.

   • Examples: Amylase of animal origin, amylase of fungal origin.
   • The mechanism of action: Improves digestion of carbohydrates, reduces bloating.
   • Indications: Pancreatic failure failure, violation of carbohydrate digestion.
   • Cautions: Rarely cause side effects.

4. Lactase: It breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

   • Examples: Lactase of fungal origin.
   • The mechanism of action: It improves the digestion of lactose, reduces the symptoms of lactose intolerance (bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain).
   • Indications: Lactose intolerance.
   • Cautions: It is necessary to take immediately before the use of dairy products.

5. Cellulase: It breaks down cellulose (fiber) into simple sugar.

   • Examples: Cellulose of fungal origin.
   • The mechanism of action: Improves digestion of plant foods, reduces bloating.
   • Indications: Vegetarian diet, dyspepsia, bloating.
   • Cautions: Rarely cause side effects.

6. Complex enzyme drugs: They contain a combination of various enzymes (proteases, lipases, amylase, cellulose, etc.).

   • Examples: Creon, Mesim, Pancreatin. (These drugs, as a rule, are registered as drugs, not dietary supplements, but they contain enzymes).
   • The mechanism of action: Improve the overall digestion of food, reduce bloating, relieve symptoms of dyspepsia.
   • Indications: Pancreatic failure failure, dyspepsia, bloating, malabsorption syndrome.
   • Cautions: A doctor’s consultation is necessary before use, especially with pancreatic diseases.

B. Probiotics and prebiotics

1. Probiotics: Living microorganisms, which, when used in adequate quantities have a favorable effect on the health of the owner.

   • Examples: Lactobacillus (For example, L. Acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. Plants), Bifidobacterium (For example, B. bifid, B. long, B. writ), Saccharomyces boulardii.
   • The mechanism of action: They improve the balance of intestinal microbiots, suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, strengthen the immune system, improve food digestion, synthesize vitamins (for example, vitamin K).
   • Indications: Dysbiosis, diarrhea (including antibiotic-associated), SRK, inflammatory intestinal diseases (at the remission stage), and prevention of infections.
   • Cautions: Rarely cause side effects, but in some people they can cause bloating or gases. It is important to choose probiotics with a well -known composition and the number of living bacteria.

2. Prebiotics: Interesting food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.

   • Examples: Inulin, fruitoligosaccharides (phos), galactooligosaccharides (state), resistant starch.
   • The mechanism of action: They serve as food for beneficial bacteria in the intestines, stimulate their growth and activity, improve the balance of intestinal microbiots.
   • Indications: Dysbacteriosis, constipation, SRK, to improve the general condition of the intestinal microbiots.
   • Cautions: They can cause bloating and gases, especially when consumed in large quantities.

3. Sinbiotics: Products containing a combination of probiotics and prebiotics.

   • The mechanism of action: Provide the receipt of living beneficial bacteria into the intestines and create a favorable environment for their growth and reproduction.
   • Indications: Dysbiosis, diarrhea, SRK, to improve the general condition of the intestinal microbiots.
   • Cautions: The same as for probiotics and prebiotics.

C. Plant remedies

1. Ginger: It has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant and antiemetic properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Stimulates the stomach of the stomach, improves digestion, reduces nausea and vomiting.
   • Indications: Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, motion sickness.
   • Cautions: It can cause heartburn in some people, is not recommended for gallstone disease.

2. Peppermint: It has antispasmodic and windbreaker properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Relaxes the muscles of the intestines, reduces bloating, relieves pain in IBS.
   • Indications: SRK, dyspepsia, bloating, spasms in the intestines.
   • Cautions: It can cause heartburn in some people, is not recommended for GERB.

3. Chamomile: It has anti -inflammatory, antispasmodic and soothing properties.

   • The mechanism of action: Relaxes the muscles of the intestine, reduces bloating, relieves pain in SRK, has a calming effect on the nervous system.
   • Indications: SRK, dyspepsia, bloating, spasms in the intestines, anxiety, insomnia.
   • Cautions: It can cause allergic reactions in people with allergies to plants of the Astro family.

4. Artichoke: Stimulates the production of bile, improves digestion.

   • The mechanism of action: Enhances the bile secretion, improves the digestion of fats, reduces cholesterol.
   • Indications: Dyspepsia, bloating, disturbance of fat digestion, biliary dyskinesia.
   • Cautions: Not recommended for gallstone disease.

5. Milk thistle: It has hepatoprotective properties, protects the liver from damage.

   • The mechanism of action: It contains silimarin, which has antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties, protects the liver cells from toxins.
   • Indications: Liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis), biliary dyskinesia.
   • Cautions: Rarely causes side effects.

6. Solo root (lacrima): It has anti -inflammatory and enveloping properties.

   • The mechanism of action: It protects the mucous membrane of the stomach from the effects of hydrochloric acid, reduces inflammation, and relieves healing of ulcers.
   • Indications: Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis, heartburn.
   • Cautions: It can increase blood pressure, retain water in the body, is not recommended for hypertension, kidney diseases and heart failure. A discyried licorice (DGL) is a preferred option, since it is devoid of these side effects.

7. Hay: It has a laxative effect.

   • The mechanism of action: It stimulates intestinal motility, increases the volume of feces.
   • Indications: Constipation.
   • Cautions: It is not recommended for prolonged use, it can cause addiction, abdominal pain and diarrhea. It should only be used if necessary and short courses.

8. Buckthorn: It has a laxative effect, similarly to Senne.

   • The mechanism of action: Stimulates intestinal motility.
   • Indications: Constipation.
   • Cautions: The same as for Senna.

9. Aloe Vera: It has a laxative and anti -inflammatory effect. It is important to use the bleached (decolorized) aloe, since the uncleaned aloe contains anthrachinons, which can cause severe cramps and diarrhea.

   • The mechanism of action: It stimulates intestinal motility, has an anti -inflammatory effect on the intestinal mucosa.
   • Indications: Constipation, inflammatory diseases of the intestine (at the stage of remission).
   • Cautions: It is not recommended for prolonged use, can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is important to use only discolored aloe.

10. Slippery mucus (Slippery ELM): It has enveloping and anti -inflammatory properties.

    • The mechanism of action: It covers the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract with a protective layer, reduces irritation and inflammation, and facilitates healing of ulcers.
    • Indications: Gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, colitis, SRK.
    • Cautions: It can slow down the absorption of other drugs, so it should be taken separately from other drugs.

D. Fiber (dietary fiber)

1. Soluble fiber: Dissolves in water, forming a gel.

   • Examples: Psillium, oat bran, apples, pears, legumes.
   • The mechanism of action: Slets the absorption of sugar and cholesterol, regulates the level of glucose in the blood, reduces cholesterol, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, and improves intestinal motility.
   • Indications: Constipation, diarrhea (regulates the consistency of the stool), hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, IBS.
   • Cautions: It can cause swelling of the abdomen and gases, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is important to start with small doses and gradually increase them, drinking a sufficient amount of water.

2. Insoluble fiber: Does not dissolve in water.

   • Examples: Wheat bran, vegetables, fruits with peel, whole grain products.
   • The mechanism of action: Increases the volume of feces, stimulates intestinal motility, prevents constipation.
   • Indications: Constipation.
   • Cautions: It can cause swelling of the abdomen and gases, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is important to drink enough water.

E. Amino acids

1. L-lutamine: Amino acid, important for the health of the intestine.

   • The mechanism of action: Serves as the main source of energy for intestinal cells (enterocytes), strengthens the intestinal mucosa, reduces inflammation, improves the absorption of nutrients.
   • Indications: Syndrome of increased intestinal permeability (leaky intestines), inflammatory intestinal diseases (in the remission stage), after operations on the intestine.
   • Cautions: Rarely causes side effects.

III. How to choose the right diet for digestion

A. Determine the reason for digestive problems:

Do not do self -diagnostics. Contact the doctor to establish the exact cause of digestive problems. Symptoms can be similar, but the causes can be different, and improper treatment can aggravate the situation.

B. Consult with a doctor or nutritionist:

Before you receive any dietary supplements, consult a doctor or nutritionist. They will help you choose the most suitable dietary supplements, taking into account your individual needs, health status and medications taken.

C. Study the composition of the dietary supplement:

Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement. Make sure that it contains ingredients that have proven their effectiveness to solve your specific problem. Avoid dietary supplements with dubious or unexplored ingredients.

D. Pay attention to the dosage:

Follow the recommended dosage indicated on the Bad package or prescribed by a doctor. Exceeding the dosage can lead to side effects.

E. Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers:

Choose dietary supplements from famous and reliable manufacturers who have a good reputation and comply with quality standards.

F. Read reviews:

Read the reviews of other people who used this dietary supplement. This will help you get an idea of its effectiveness and possible side effects.

G. Consider the interaction with the drugs:

Consider the possible interaction of dietary supplements with medications taken. Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs.

H. Start with small doses:

If you first try dietary supplements, start with small doses to evaluate your tolerance.

I. Follow the reaction of the body:

Carefully follow the reaction of your body to dietary supplements. If you notice any side effects, stop taking and consult a doctor.

J. Bada is an addition, not a replacement for treatment:

Remember that dietary supplements are an addition to the main treatment, and not its replacement. They cannot cure serious diseases, but can help alleviate the symptoms and improve the general health.

K. Combine the reception of dietary supplements with proper nutrition and lifestyle:

To achieve the best results, combine the intake of dietary supplements with proper nutrition, enough water, regular physical exercises and stress control.

IV. Diet and lifestyle for healthy digestion

A. Nutrition

1. A variety of diet: Eat a variety of foods rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, legumes, low -fat protein and healthy fats.

2. Fiber: Increase fiber consumption (soluble and insoluble).

3. Probiotics and prebiotics: Include in the diet products rich in probiotics (for example, yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut) and prebiotics (for example, onions, garlic, bananas, asparagus).

4. Limit consumption: Limit the consumption of processed products, fatty, fried, spicy food, sugar, caffeine and alcohol.

5. Diet: Eat regularly, in small portions, do not overeat. Chew food thoroughly.

6. Food intolerance: Exclude products that cause intolerance from the diet.

7. Hydration: Drink enough water during the day (at least 1.5-2 liters).

B. Life

1. Physical activity: Regular physical exercises improve intestinal motility and contribute to healthy digestion.

2. Stress management: Stress can negatively affect digestion. Use stress control methods, such as meditation, yoga, walking in the fresh air.

3. Dream: A sufficient dream is important for the general health and normal operation of the digestive system.

4. Smoking: Refuse smoking, as it can irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

5. Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption, as it can damage the liver and disrupt digestion.

V. Заключение (This section is intentionally left blank per the instructions)

This detailed article provides a comprehensive overview of digestive health, common digestive issues, and the role of dietary supplements (БАДы) in supporting digestion. It also emphasizes the importance of diet and lifestyle factors in maintaining a healthy digestive system. This information should not be considered medical advice, and individuals should consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.