Dietrs for joints: help with arthritis and arthrosis

Dietrs for joints: help with arthritis and arthrosis

I. Understanding arthritis and arthrosis

A. Arthritis: The general term for inflammation of the joints

1. Definition: Arthritis is not a single disease, but a general term covering more than 100 different states characterized by inflammation of one or more joints. Inflammation is a key sign that leads to pain, swelling, stiffness and limitation of mobility.

2. Types of arthritis:

   a. Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common form, also known as a degenerative joint disease. OA arises as a result of the gradual destruction of the cartilage – protective fabric covering the ends of the bones in the joints. When the cartilage is thinner, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain and limitation of mobility. Risk factors include age, genetic predisposition, injury, obesity and repeated movements. The process of destruction of cartilage is often accompanied by the formation of bone spurs (osteophytes).

   b. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakes erroneously attacks its own tissues, in particular, the synovial shell – a membrane lining the joints. This leads to chronic inflammation, pain, swelling and, over time, to damage to the joints. RA usually affects several joints at the same time and can affect other organs, such as the heart, lungs and eyes. Genetics plays a role, but the exact causes of RA are not fully studied.

   c. Gout: The form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Uralgic acid is formed when the purines contained in some foods and drinks are broken down. Crystals of uric acid cause intense pain, inflammation and swelling, usually in the joint of the thumb. Risk factors include a high potato diet, obesity, alcohol consumption and some drugs.

   d. Psoriatic arthritis: The form of arthritis, which occurs in people with psoriasis – a skin disease characterized by the appearance of red, scaly spots on the skin. Psoriatic arthritis can affect any joints in the body and is often accompanied by inflammation of the tendons and ligaments (enterosite).

   e. Septic arthritis: The joint infection, usually caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by viruses or fungi. Septic arthritis requires immediate treatment with antibiotics to prevent irreversible damage to the joint.

3. Symptoms of arthritis:

   a. Joint pain: It can vary from light to strong and can be constant or periodic.

   b. Edema: Inflammation of the joint leads to edema and sensation of heat.

   c. STATION: Especially noticeable in the morning or after periods of inaction.

   d. Mobility restriction: Difficulties in bending, extension or rotation of the joint.

   e. Redness: The skin around the affected joint may turn red.

   f. Crepitus: Clicks, crackling or crunch when moving the joint.

   g. Fatigue: Arthritis can cause general fatigue and weakness.

4. Diagnosis of arthritis:

   a. Physical examination: The doctor evaluates the joints for the presence of edema, soreness, redness and limitations of mobility.

   b. Blood tests: They may include analysis for the rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to the cyclic citrollinized peptide (ACP), the rate of settlement of red blood cells (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRB) to detect inflammation and autoimmune antibodies. An analysis for urinary acid for the diagnosis of gout can also be carried out.

   c. Preview: X-ray, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and ultrasound (ultrasound) help to visualize the condition of the joints, cartilage and surrounding tissues. X -ray can show signs of bone destruction, narrowing of the joint gap and the formation of bone spurs. MRI in more detail shows the condition of soft tissues, such as cartilage, ligaments and tendons.

   d. Arthrocentez: The doctor removes the liquid from the joint (synovial fluid) for analysis. This can help determine the cause of inflammation and exclude other diseases, such as infection.

B. Arthrosis: Degenerative joint disease

1. Definition: Arthrosis, also known as osteoarthritis, is a chronic degenerative joint disease, characterized by progressive destruction of cartilage. The cartilage acts as a shock absorber, providing smooth sliding of the bones relative to each other. With arthrosis, cartilage is thinner and destroyed, which leads to friction of bones, pain, stiffness and limitation of mobility.

2. Causes of arthrosis:

   a. Age: The probability of developing arthrosis increases with age, since the cartilage naturally wears out with time.

   b. Genetics: Heredity can play a role in the predisposition to arthrosis.

   c. Injuries: Joint injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, can increase the risk of arthrosis in the future.

   d. Obesity: Excessive weight has an additional load on the joints, especially on the knee and hip, accelerating the destruction of the cartilage.

   e. Repeating movements: Professions or activities requiring repeating movements can increase the risk of arthrosis in certain joints.

   f. Other diseases: Some diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of arthrosis.

3. Symptoms of arthrosis:

   a. Joint pain: Usually intensifies when moving and decreases at rest.

   b. STATION: Especially noticeable in the morning or after periods of inaction and usually passes within 30 minutes.

   c. Mobility restriction: Difficulties in bending, extension or rotation of the joint.

   d. Crepitus: Clicks, crackling or crunch when moving the joint.

   e. Edema: It can occur after activity.

   f. Bone spurs (osteophytes): Bone growths that can form around the joint.

4. Diagnosis Arthrosis:

   a. Physical examination: The doctor evaluates the joints for the presence of pain, edema, stiffness and limitations of mobility.

   b. X-rays: Shows signs of destruction of cartilage, narrowing of the joint gap and the formation of bone spurs.

   c. MRI: It can be used for a more detailed assessment of the condition of the cartilage and other joint tissue.

II. Dietrs for joints: review and mechanisms of action

A. What are dietary supplements (biologically active additives)?

1. Definition: Bades are products designed to supplement the diet. They can contain vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, probiotics and other substances designed to improve health and well -being. Bades are not medicines and are not intended for the treatment of diseases.

2. Bad regulation: In different countries, the regulation of dietary supplements varies. In some countries, dietary supplements are subject to more stringent requirements than in others. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers who adhere to quality and safety standards.

B. The main dietary supplements for the joints and their mechanisms of action:

1. Glucosamine and chondroitin:

   a. The mechanism of action:

   i. Glucosamine: It is a natural component of cartilage and synovial fluid. It is assumed that glucosamine stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteoglycans, which are the main building blocks of cartilage. It can also have anti -inflammatory properties.

   ii. Chondroitin: It is also a natural component of cartilage. It is believed that chondroitin helps inhibit enzymes that destroy cartilage (for example, matrix metal -propriets), and stimulates the production of hyaluronic acid, which lubricates the joints. It also has anti -inflammatory properties.

   b. Forms: Glucosamine is usually represented in the form of glucosamine of sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride or n-acetylhlucosamine. Chondroitin is usually presented in the form of chondroitin sulfate.

   c. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 1,500 mg of glucosamine and 1200 mg of chondroitin per day, divided into several tricks.

   d. Efficiency: The results of studies on the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin with arthrosis are contradictory. Some studies show that they can help reduce pain and improve joint function, especially with mild and moderate arthrosis, while other studies do not detect a significant effect. Most studies show that to achieve a noticeable effect requires a long reception (at least 3 months).

2. Methyl sulfonylmetatan (MSM):

   a. The mechanism of action: MSM is an organic compound of sulfur, which is present in all living organisms. It is believed that MSM has anti -inflammatory properties, promotes the formation of collagen and helps to protect cartilage from destruction. Sure is an important component of collagen, which is necessary to maintain the health of cartilage, ligaments and tendons.

   b. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 1000-3000 mg per day, divided into several doses.

   c. Efficiency: Studies show that MSM can help reduce pain, edema and stiffness of joints with arthrosis. Some studies also show that MSM can improve the physical function of the joints.

3. Hyaluronic acid:

   a. The mechanism of action: Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of the synovial fluid that lubricates the joints and provides shock absorption. With arthrosis, the concentration and the quality of hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid decreases. The intake of hyaluronic acid in the form of dietary supplements can help restore its level in the joint, improve lubrication and reduce friction. There are also injections of hyaluronic acid directly into the joint, which are often used to treat arthrosis of the knee joint.

   b. Forms: Hyaluronic acid is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and liquid additives.

   c. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 80-200 mg per day.

   d. Efficiency: Some studies show that the oral intake of hyaluronic acid can help reduce pain and improve the joint function for arthrosis. Injections of hyaluronic acid into the joint also showed their effectiveness in relief of pain and improving joint function.

4. Collagen:

   a. The mechanism of action: Collagen is the main structural protein in the body, which is present in the skin, bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Reception of collagen in the form of dietary supplements can help strengthen the cartilage, ligaments and tendons, as well as reduce pain and improve the function of the joints. Hydrolyzed collagen (collagen peptides) is better absorbed by the body.

   b. Types: There are several types of collagen, each of which plays a certain role in the body. Type II collagen is the main type of collagen contained in cartilage.

   c. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 5-15 grams per day.

   d. Efficiency: Studies show that collagen intake can help reduce pain and improve joint function with arthrosis. Some studies also show that collagen can help improve the health of the skin and hair.

5. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil, linseed oil, krill oil):

   a. The mechanism of action: Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicopascentaenic acid (EPK) and dairyxaenic acid (DGC), have anti-inflammatory properties. They can help reduce inflammation in the joints and relieve pain with arthritis.

   b. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 1000-3000 mg of EPK and DGK per day.

   c. Efficiency: Studies show that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce the pain, constraint and swelling of the joints in arthritis. Some studies also show that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

6. Kurkumin (from turmeric):

   a. The mechanism of action: Kurkumin is an active component of turmeric, spices that are widely used in Indian cuisine. Kurkumin has powerful anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the joints and relieve pain in arthritis.

   b. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 500-2000 mg per day. It is important to choose additives with bioperin (black pepper extract), which improves the absorption of turmeric.

   c. Efficiency: Studies show that turmeric can be effective in reducing pain and improving the function of joints with arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

7. SAM-e (S-adenosylylylylmetionin):

   a. The mechanism of action: SAM-E is a natural compound that is present in all cells of the body. It participates in many biochemical processes, including the synthesis of cartilage and neurotransmitters. It is believed that SAM-E has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

   b. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 200-400 mg per day.

   c. Efficiency: Some studies show that SAM-E can be effective in reducing pain and improving joint function with arthrosis. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

8. Vitamin D:

   a. The mechanism of action: Vitamin D plays an important role in the health of bones and joints. It helps the body absorb calcium, which is necessary to maintain bone mass. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.

   b. Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin D depends on the level of vitamin D in the blood. The doctor may recommend a dose depending on the results of blood tests.

   c. Efficiency: Studies show that maintaining a sufficient level of vitamin D can help reduce pain and improve the joint function for arthrosis.

9. Boswelia (Boswellia Serrata):

   a. The mechanism of action: Bosvelia is a herbaceous plant that contains bosvellic acids. Boswellial acids have anti -inflammatory properties and can help reduce pain and inflammation in the joints.

   b. Dosage: The usually recommended dose is 300-500 mg per day.

   c. Efficiency: Studies show that Bosworth can be effective in reducing pain and improving joint function with arthrosis.

III. Choice of dietary supplements for joints: criteria and recommendations

A. Consultation with a doctor:

1. Necessity: Before taking any dietary supplements for the joints, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor can evaluate your health status, identify contraindications and interactions with other drugs that you take, and recommend the most suitable dietary supplements and dosages.

2. Assessment of health: The doctor will take into account your age, gender, medical history, current diseases and medications taken.

3. Exclusion of contraindications: Some dietary supplements can be contraindicated in certain health conditions, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, liver or kidney disease, as well as with allergies to certain ingredients.

B. The choice of high -quality dietary supplements:

1. Reputation manufacturer: Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers with a good reputation. Check reviews about the manufacturer on the Internet and find out what quality certificates he has.

2. Quality certificates: Look for dietary supplements that have quality certificates from independent organizations, such as NSF International, USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or Consumerlab.com. These certificates guarantee that the product was tested for cleanliness, efficiency and safety.

3. Product composition: Carefully study the composition of the product and make sure that it contains the ingredients in the declared dosages. Avoid products containing artificial dyes, flavors, preservatives and other undesirable additives.

4. Output form: Dietary dietary supplements are available in various forms of release, such as capsules, tablets, powders and liquids. Choose the release form that is most convenient for you.

C. Individual approach:

1. Different types of arthritis require different approaches: The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary depending on the type of arthritis. For example, dietary supplements with pronounced anti -inflammatory properties can be more useful for rheumatoid arthritis than with osteoarthritis.

2. The body’s reaction is individual: The reaction of the body to dietary supplements can be individual. A certain dietary supplement can help some people, but no others. It is important to carefully monitor your well -being and inform the doctor about any changes.

3. Combined approach: Often the most effective is a combined approach that includes the use of several dietary supplements, as well as other treatment methods, such as physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics and a change in lifestyle.

D. Dosage and duration of the reception:

1. Compliance with recommendations: Take dietary supplements in accordance with the doctor’s recommendations or instructions on the package. Do not exceed the recommended dose.

2. Duration of admission: Some dietary supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, require long -term intake (at least 3 months) to achieve a noticeable effect.

3. Efficiency revaluation: If after 3 months of admission of dietary supplements you have not noticed improvement, consult a doctor. You may need to change the dosage, replace dietary supplements or consider other treatment methods.

E. Possible side effects and interactions:

1. Familiarization with information: Before taking Bad, carefully read the information about possible side effects and interactions with other drugs.

2. The most common side effects: Some dietary supplements can cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn and headache.

3. Interactions with drugs: Some dietary supplements can interact with the medicines that you take and change their effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. For example, omega-3 fatty acids can enhance the effect of anticoagulants (drugs that thin blood).

4. Side effects message: If you notice any side effects after the start of taking Bad, immediately inform the doctor about this.

IV. Integrative approach to the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis

A. The importance of an integrated approach:

1. Bades are an addition, not replacing the main treatment: Bades can be a useful addition to the main treatment of arthritis and arthrosis, but they should not replace the medicines prescribed by the doctor.

2. The need for an integrated approach: The most effective is an integrated approach that includes taking medication, a change in lifestyle, physiotherapy and, if necessary, surgical intervention.

B. Life change change:

1. Diet:

   a. Anti -inflammatory diet: Compliance with the anti -inflammatory diet can help reduce inflammation in the joints and relieve pain. The anti-inflammatory diet includes the use of a large number of fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, fish, rich omega-3 fatty acids, and olive oil.

   b. Restriction of certain products: Limit the use of processed products, red meat, sugar, alcohol and other products that can increase inflammation.

   c. Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight has an additional load on the joints, so it is important to maintain a healthy weight.

2. Exercise:

   a. Regular physical activity: Regular physical activity helps strengthen the muscles surrounding joints, improve mobility and reduce pain.

   b. Low load exercises: Choose exercises with a low load on the joints, such as swimming, walking, cycling and yoga.

   c. Consultation with a physiotherapist: The physiotherapist can develop an individual exercise program that will meet your needs and capabilities.

3. Stress management:

   a. The effect of stress on arthritis: Stress can increase inflammation and pain in arthritis.

   b. Stress reduction methods: Use stress reduction methods, such as meditation, yoga, tai-chi and breathing exercises.

4. Dream:

   a. The importance of sufficient sleep: A sufficient sleep is necessary to restore the body and reduce inflammation.

   b. Providing quality sleep: Strive by 7-8 hours of quality sleep every night.

C. Physiotherapy:

1. The role of physiotherapy: Physiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis. The physiotherapist can help improve joint mobility, strengthen muscles, reduce pain and improve functionality.

2. Physiotherapy methods: Physiotherapy methods may include exercises, massage, thermal and cold procedures, ultrasound therapy and electrical stimulation.

D. Medication:

1. Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as Ibuprofen and Netroksen, can help reduce pain and inflammation. However, prolonged use of NSAIDs can lead to side effects, such as stomach ulcers and heart problems.

2. Analgesics: Analgesics, such as paracetamol, can help reduce pain, but do not have an anti -inflammatory effect.

3. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are powerful anti -inflammatory drugs. They can be prescribed for short -term relief of pain and inflammation, but prolonged use of corticosteroids can lead to serious side effects.

4. Antirusamatic drugs modifying the disease (DMARDS): Dmards, such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine, are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They help slow down the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage.

5. Biological drugs: Biological drugs, such as FNO inhibitors and Interleukin-6 inhibitors, are more new drugs that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They are aimed at certain molecules involved in the inflammatory process.

E. Surgical intervention:

1. Indications for the operation: Surgical intervention can be recommended in cases where other treatment methods do not help relieve pain and improve joint function.

2. Types of operations: Types of operations may include arthroscopy, osteotomy and joint replacement.

V. New research and prospects

A. Dad research:

1. Continuing research: Studies are ongoing to assess the effectiveness and safety of various dietary supplements for the joints.

2. Focus of research: Research is aimed at studying the mechanisms of the action of dietary supplements, determining optimal dosages and identifying patients who may be most beneficial from their intake.

3. The role of microbiots: Studies show that intestinal microbiota can play a role in the development and progression of arthritis. Probiotics and prebiotics can help improve intestinal health and reduce inflammation.

B. Personalized medicine:

1. Individual approach to treatment: Personalized medicine involves an individual approach to treatment based on the genetic and other characteristics of the patient.

2. Determining the effectiveness of dietary supplements: In the future, genetic testing can help determine which dietary supplements will be most effective for a particular patient.

C. New technologies:

1. Clack engineering: Fabric engineering is aimed at creating new cartilage and other joints of the joint for replacing damaged tissues.

2. Gene therapy: Gene therapy can be used to change genes that are involved in the development of arthritis.

D. Integration of dietary supplements into clinical practice:

1. The need for standardization: Standardization of production and quality control of dietary supplements is necessary.

2. Development of recommendations: It is necessary to develop clinical recommendations on the use of dietary supplements for the treatment of arthritis and arthrosis.

3. The formation of doctors and patients: It is necessary to inform doctors and patients about the advantages and risks of the use of dietary supplements.

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