Prevention of skin diseases in adolescence

Section 1: Understanding the skin of a teenager and its features

Adolescence is a period of significant physiological changes that have a significant impact on the condition of the skin. Hormonal vibrations, especially an increase in the production of androgens (male sex hormones), lead to the activation of the sebaceous glands, which, in turn, can cause various skin diseases. Understanding these features is the first step to effective prevention.

1.1. Hormonal changes and their effect on the skin:

Androgens: Testosterone and digidrotestosterone stimulate the production of sebum. An increase in the level of these hormones during puberty can lead to sebum hypersecretion, pore blockage and the formation of acne.
Estrogens: In girls, estrogens are to some extent balanced the action of androgens, however, with hormonal failures (for example, during the menstrual cycle), their influence weakens, which can also provoke rashes.
Cortisol: The stress hormone, cortisol, can also affect the condition of the skin, enhancing the production of sebum and slowing the healing processes.

1.2. Types of skin and their features:

Normal skin: Balanced production of sebum, moderate humidity, lack of rashes and irritations.
Dry skin: The lack of skin fat, a tendency to peeling, tightness and irritation.
Burnic leather: Excessive production of sebum, dilated pores, a tendency to acne and comedones.
Combined skin: The combination of various types of skin in different areas of the face (for example, oily T-zone and dry cheeks).
Sensitive skin: A tendency to irritation, redness and allergic reactions.

Determining your skin type is a key point in choosing the right care products.

1.3. External factors affecting the skin:

Ultraviolet radiation (UV): Excessive exposure to UV rays can lead to premature skin aging, pigmentation and an increase in the risk of skin cancer.
Environmental pollution: Contaminated air containing particles of dust, smoke and chemicals can clog pores and cause inflammation.
Climate conditions: Extreme temperatures, strong wind and low humidity can negatively affect the condition of the skin, causing dryness, irritation and peeling.
Inal meals: The deficiency of vitamins and trace elements, as well as excessive consumption of sugar, processed products and trans fats can worsen the condition of the skin.
Stress: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and make the skin more susceptible to various diseases.

1.4. The value of skin hygiene:

Proper hygiene is the basis of skin health. It includes regular purification, moisturizing and protection against external factors. Neglecting hygiene can lead to blockage of pores, the development of acne and other skin problems.

Section 2: acne (acne): Prevention and treatment

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases in adolescents. This is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, which manifests itself in the form of acne, comedones (black dots and white acne) and pustules (pustules).

2.1. Factors contributing to the development of acne:

Hypersecretion of sebum: Excessive production of sebum creates a favorable environment for the propagation of bacteria.
Violation of keratinizations: Anomalous rational of skin cells (keratinocytes) leads to blockage of pores.
Propagation of Propionibacterium Acnes (P. Acnes) bacteria: These bacteria are normal skin inhabitants, but when blocking pores and excess sebum, they begin to multiply actively, causing inflammation.
Inflammation: The immune system responds to the reproduction of P. Acnes bacteria, causing inflammation in the sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Genetic predisposition: The presence of acne in parents or close relatives increases the risk of its development in a teenager.

2.2. Acne Prevention:

Correct skin cleansing: Use soft, not containing soaps with cleaning agents twice a day. Avoid aggressive scrubs and peels that can damage the skin and aggravate inflammation.
Regular moisture: Even oily skin needs moisturizing. Use light, non -masterly moisturizers.
Use of non -comedogenic cosmetics: Choose cosmetics (tonal creams, powder, blush), which indicate “non -masterly”.
Healthy nutrition: Limit the consumption of sugar, processed products and trans fats. Increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Sufficient sleep: The lack of sleep can worsen the condition of the skin and increase the risk of acne.
Stress management: Find the ways to cope with stress, such as physical exercises, meditation or yoga.
Avoid squeezing acne: Squeezing acne can lead to the spread of infection, the formation of scars and increased inflammation.
Regular change of pillowcases: Change pillowcases every 2-3 days to prevent the accumulation of bacteria and skin fat.
Restriction of touch to the face: Try not to touch your face with your hands during the day to avoid transferring bacteria from hand to skin.

2.3. Acne Treatment:

With moderate and severe form, acne needs a consultation of a dermatologist. The doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

Local retinoids (Tretinoin, adapal, tazaroten): Accelerate skin cells and prevent clogging of pores.
Benzoilperoxide: Curns the bacteria P. acnes and has an anti -inflammatory effect.
Topic antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin): P. acnes bacteria kill.
Azelainic acid: It has anti -inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and also brightens pigment spots.
Systemic antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline): Used in heavy forms of acne.
Iotteinoin (Cubutan, Roakkutan): A powerful drug that reduces the production of skin fat and prevents the blockage of pores. Used only in severe forms of acne, resistant to other treatment methods. It requires strict medical control and contraception in girls.
Hormonal therapy (for girls): Oral contraceptives can help regulate the hormonal background and reduce the production of sebum.
Chemical peels: They can help exfoliate dead skin cells and reduce inflammation.
Laser treatment: It can help reduce inflammation, destroy bacteria and improve the appearance of scars.

Important: Acne self -medication can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the skin and the formation of scars. Contact the dermatologist to obtain an individual treatment plan.

Section 3: Eczema (atopic dermatitis): Prevention and treatment

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is characterized by itching, redness, dryness and peeling. Often begins in childhood, but can continue in adolescence.

3.1. Factors contributing to the development of eczema:

Genetic predisposition: The presence of eczema in parents or close relatives increases the risk of its development in a teenager.
Violation of the barrier function of the skin: The skin becomes more permeable for allergens and irritants.
Immune disorders: The immune system responds to ordinary substances as dangerous, causing inflammation.
Triggers: Substances or factors that can cause exacerbation of eczema (allergens, irritants, stress, climatic conditions).

3.2. Eczema prevention:

Moisturization of the skin: Regularly moisturize the skin with hypoallergenic emolets (moisturizing creams and ointments) after each bathing and during the day.
Avoid irritants: Avoid contact with substances that can irritate the skin (hard soap, synthetic tissues, perfumes, aggressive cleaning products).
Wear soft, cotton clothes: Cotton clothing is less irritating the skin than synthetic tissues.
Take short, warm baths or souls: Avoid hot water that can dry the skin. Use soft, hypoallergenic soap.
Wipe the skin thoroughly after bathing: Gently blink the skin with a towel without rubbing it.
Maintain moderate temperature and humidity in the room: Too dry air can worsen the condition of the skin.
Manage stress: Find the ways to cope with stress, such as physical exercises, meditation or yoga.
Determine and avoid allergens: If you suspect that you have an allergy, consult a doctor for allergological tests.
Avoid combing the skin: Combing the skin can lead to an increase in itching, the spread of infection and the formation of scars.

3.3. Eczema treatment:

The treatment of eczema is aimed at reducing inflammation, itching and dry skin.

Local corticosteroids (creams and ointments): Reduce inflammation and itching. Used as prescribed by a doctor.
Calcineneine topical inhibitors (takrolimus, Pimecrolymus): Reduce inflammation and itching. Used as an alternative to local corticosteroids.
Emolets (moisturizing creams and ointments): Restore the barrier function of the skin and reduce dryness.
Antihistamines: Reduce itching.
Phototherapy (treatment with ultraviolet light): It can help reduce inflammation and itching.
System corticosteroids (tablets or injections): Used in severe forms of eczema.
Immunosupressant (Azatioprin, MethotoxS): They are used in severe forms of eczema, resistant to other treatment methods.
Biological preparations (dupilumab): Inhibit specific immune ways involved in the development of eczema.

Important: The treatment of eczema should be complex and individual. Contact a dermatologist or allergist to obtain a consultation and prescribe the correct treatment.

Section 4: Dermatitis: Prevention and Treatment

Dermatitis is a common name for inflammatory skin diseases. There are several types of dermatitis, including contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and others.

4.1. Contact dermatitis:

Reasons: It develops as a result of skin contact with irritants (soap, detergents, cosmetics, plants) or allergens (nickel, latex, perfumes).
Symptoms: Redness, itching, peeling, the formation of blisters at the site of contact with an irritant or allergen.
Prevention: Avoid contact with famous stimuli and allergens. Use protective gloves when working with aggressive substances. Rinse the skin thoroughly after contact with potential stimuli.
Treatment: Local corticosteroids (creams and ointments) to reduce inflammation and itching. Emolets for moisturizing the skin. Antihistamines to reduce itching. In severe cases, system corticosteroids may be required.

4.2. Seborrheic dermatitis:

Reasons: It is associated with the malassezia fungus, which is normally present on the skin, but under certain conditions it begins to actively multiply. It can also be associated with hormonal disorders and stress.
Symptoms: Peeling of the scalp (dandruff), redness and peeling of the skin in the eyebrow area, nasolabial folds, chest and back.
Prevention: Regular washing of the head using special shampoos against dandruff containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithion or selenium sulfide. Avoid using aggressive hair styling products. Manage stress.
Treatment: Shampoos against dandruff. Local corticosteroids (creams and lotions) to reduce inflammation. Antifungal creams (ketoconazole, Mikonazole). In severe cases, system antifungal drugs may be required.

4.3. Other types of dermatitis:

Neurodermatitis: Chronic itchy skin disease associated with the nervous system. Prevention and treatment is similar to eczema.
Periral dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin around the mouth. The reasons are not fully known, but can be associated with the use of local corticosteroids, toothpastes with fluorine and cosmetics. Treatment includes the abolition of provoking factors, local antibiotics (metronidazole, erythromycin) and systemic antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline).

Important: Diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis should be carried out by a dermatologist.

Section 5: fungal skin infections: prevention and treatment

The fungal skin infections are common diseases that are caused by various types of fungi.

5.1. Factors contributing to the development of fungal infections:

Wet and warm environment: Fungi love moist and warm places, such as sweating, impenetrable shoes and cramped clothing.
Reduced immunity: Weakened immunity makes a person more susceptible to fungal infections.
Contact with infected people or animals: Fungal infections can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or animal, as well as through public items (towels, shoes).
Violation of the integrity of the skin: Damage to the skin (scratches, cuts) facilitate the penetration of fungi.

5.2. Types of fungal skin infections:

Dermatophytia (cutting lichen, foot fungus, nail fungus): They are caused by dermatophytic fungi, which affect the skin, hair and nails.
Candidiasis (thrush): It is caused by a yeast -like fungus Candida albicans, which is normally present on the skin and mucous membranes, but under certain conditions it begins to actively multiply.
Multi -colored lichen (brush -shaped lichen): It is caused by the malassezia furfur fungus, which affects the upper layer of the skin.

5.3. Prevention of fungal infections:

Follow hygiene: Wash your arms and a body with soap regularly. Wipe the skin thoroughly after bathing or shower, especially in folds.
Wear breathing clothes and shoes: Avoid wearing tight clothes and shoes made of synthetic materials that do not let air pass.
Use individual towels and personal hygiene items: Do not share towels, washcloths, combs and other personal hygiene items with other people.
Do not go barefoot in public places: In pools, saunas and showers, use slippers or slippers.
PROSOLLAY VITS shoes: Improver shoes and let it dry completely after wearing.
Strengthen the immune system: Eat in a balanced, get enough sleep and play sports.
Avoid contact with infected people or animals: If you suspect that someone has a fungal infection, avoid contact with its skin and personal items.

5.4. Treatment of fungal infections:

Local antifungal drugs (creams, ointments, lotions, sprays): Clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole.
System antifungal drugs (tablets or capsules): Griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole.
Nail varnishes with antifungal effects: Amorolfin, cyclopirox.

Important: Treatment of fungal infections can be long and require patience. It is necessary to strictly comply with the doctor’s recommendations and not stop treatment prematurely, even if the symptoms have disappeared.

Section 6: Viral skin infections: prevention and treatment

Viral skin infections are caused by various viruses.

6.1. Types of viral skin infections:

Simple herpes (Herpes Simplex): It is caused by the Herpes Simplex (HSV) virus. It manifests itself in the form of painful bubbles on the lips (labial herpes) or in the genital area (genital herpes).
Herpes Zoster (Herpes Zoster): It is called the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) virus, which also causes chickenpox. It manifests itself in the form of a painful rash with bubbles, which spreads along the nerve.
Warts: They are called by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Manifest in the form of small growths on the skin.
Contagioine mollusk: It is called by the Molluscum Contagiosum virus. It manifests itself in the form of small, shiny, pearl nodules on the skin.

6.2. Prevention of viral skin infections:

Follow hygiene: Wash your hands with soap regularly.
Avoid contact with infected people: Do not kiss, do not hug and do not use the common objects of personal hygiene with people who have viral skin infections.
Strengthen the immune system: Eat in a balanced, get enough sleep and play sports.
Vaccination: There is a vaccine against chickenpox (VZV), which can also prevent the development of girdle herpes. There is also a vaccine against some types of HPV, which cause warts and cervical cancer.

6.3. Treatment of viral skin infections:

Simple herpes: Local antiviral drugs (Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir). Systemic antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir).
Surrounding herpes: Systemic antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir). Anesthetic drugs.
Warts: Cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen). Surgical removal. Laser removal. Local drugs containing salicylic acid.
Contagioine mollusk: Kuretage (curettage). Cryotherapy. Local drugs containing them.

Important: Treatment of viral skin infections should be performed by a doctor.

Section 7: Sunsmate: prevention of skin cancer and photo starting

Sun protection is an important aspect of the prevention of skin cancer and photo mowing (premature aging of the skin caused by the effects of ultraviolet radiation).

7.1. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin:

Ufa rays: They penetrate deep into the skin and cause photo art (wrinkles, pigment spots, elasticity loss).
UFV-rays: Damage the upper layer of the skin and cause sunburn. They are also the main reason for the development of skin cancer.

7.2. SUNSCITIONAL Rules:

Avoid staying in the sun in the hours of peak activity (from 10:00 to 16:00).
Use sunscreen with a wide range of action (protects against Ufa and UFV rays) and SPF 30 or higher.
Apply sunscreen 20-30 minutes before the sun.
Apply the sunscreen to all open areas of the skin.
Repeated sunscreen every 2 hours, as well as after bathing or sweating.
Wear protective clothes (hats, shirts with long sleeves, trousers).
Look for a shadow.
Avoid the use of solariums.

7.3. Selection of sunscreen:

A wide range of action (protects against Ufa and UFV rays).
SPF 30 or higher.
Waterproof.
Hypoallergenic.
Non -comedogenic (does not score pores).

7.4. Special recommendations for adolescents:

Teach a teenager from the rules of sunscript from an early age.
Emphasize the importance of sun protection for the prevention of skin cancer and photo starting.
Encourage the use of sunscreen daily, especially before playing sports in the open air and visiting the beach or pool.

Section 8: Nutrition and lifestyle: effect on skin health

Nutrition and lifestyle play an important role in maintaining skin health.

8.1. Nutrition recommendations:

Balanced nutrition: Use a sufficient amount of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low -fat proteins.
Limit the consumption of sugar, processed products and trans fats: These products can worsen the condition of the skin and increase the risk of acne.
Drink enough water: Water helps maintain skin moisture and remove toxins from the body.
Use products rich in antioxidants: Antioxidants protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. Products rich in antioxidants include berries, green tea and nuts.
Use products rich in omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation and improve the condition of the skin. Products rich in omega-3 fatty acids include fish, linen seed and walnuts.
Use products rich in vitamins and minerals: Vitamins and minerals are necessary for skin health. Important vitamins and minerals include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium.

8.2. Recommendations on lifestyle:

Sufficient sleep: The lack of sleep can worsen the condition of the skin and increase the risk of acne.
Stress management: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and make the skin more susceptible to various diseases. Find the ways to cope with stress, such as physical exercises, meditation or yoga.
Physical activity: Regular physical exercises improve blood circulation and contribute to the elimination of toxins from the body, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin.
Refusal of smoking: Smoking negatively affects the condition of the skin, causing premature aging, dryness and wrinkles.
Alcohol use restriction: Excessive alcohol consumption can dehydrate the skin and cause inflammation.

Section 9: Psychological aspects of skin diseases

Skin diseases can have a significant impact on the psychological state of adolescents. Acne, eczema and other skin problems can lead to a decrease in self -esteem, depression, anxiety and social insulation.

9.1. The influence of skin diseases on self -esteem and self -confidence:

Teenagers are often very concerned about their appearance, and skin diseases can aggravate this concern. The presence of acne, eczema or other skin problems can lead to the teenager to feel ugly, inferior and uncertain.

9.2. The risk of depression and anxiety:

Skin diseases can cause severe stress and anxiety, which, in turn, can lead to the development of depression. Teenagers with skin diseases can feel isolated and lonely, which can also contribute to the development of depression.

9.3. Social isolation and avoidance of social situations:

Teenagers with skin diseases can be shy about their appearance and avoid social situations, such as parties, dates and sports. This can lead to social isolation and deterioration of social skills.

9.4. Support and help:

It is important that adolescents with skin diseases receive support and help from parents, friends, teachers and medical workers.

A conversation with a teenager about his feelings and experiences.
Encouraging a positive attitude towards yourself and your body.
Application for help to a psychologist or psychotherapist, if necessary.
Creating a supporting environment in which a teenager will feel comfortable and safe.
Providing information about skin disease and methods of its treatment.

Section 10: When you should consult a dermatologist

It is important to know when to consult a dermatologist for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

10.1. Signs requiring a dermatologist’s consultation:

Unusual rashes or changes on the skin.
Strong itching, redness or pain.
Non -healing wounds or ulcers.
Changes in the color, size or shape of moles.
Increase in the lymph nodes.
Symptoms that do not improve when using over -the -counter.
A pronounced effect of a skin disease on the quality of life.

10.2. The importance of timely diagnosis and treatment:

Timely diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases can help prevent complications, improve the condition of the skin and improve the quality of life of a teenager.

10.3. The role of a dermatologist in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases:

A dermatologist can conduct a skin examination, make a diagnosis, prescribe treatment and give recommendations for skin care. He can also help a teenager cope with the psychological problems associated with a skin disease.

This detailed article provides a comprehensive overview of skin disease prevention in adolescents, covering various aspects from understanding the skin’s specific needs during puberty to addressing common skin conditions like acne, eczema, dermatitis, fungal and viral infections. It also emphasizes the importance of sun protection, nutrition, lifestyle, and psychological well-being in maintaining healthy skin. Finally, it highlights the signs that warrant a visit to a dermatologist, stressing the significance of early diagnosis and treatment. The content is structured for easy reading and provides actionable advice for teenagers and their caregivers.

Prevention of skin diseases in adolescence

Leave a Reply Cancel reply