Dietary supplements and pregnancy: is it worth it to take risks

Bades and pregnancy: is it worth it to take risks? Full guide for additives during pregnancy

Section 1: Pregnancy and increased need for nutrients

Pregnancy is a physiological condition that requires a significant adaptation of a woman’s body. The growth and development of the fetus impose increased requirements for the intake of nutrients. The deficiency of these substances can negatively affect the health of both the mother and the child, increasing the risk of various complications, such as premature birth, low weight at birth, fetal development and others.

1. Increased need for vitamins and minerals: During pregnancy, the need for certain vitamins and minerals increases significantly. This is due to the need to maintain the growth and development of the fetus, as well as physiological changes in the mother’s body.

   • Folic acid (vitamin B9): Critically important for the formation of the fetal nervous tube, preventing serious defects, such as Spina Bifida (spinal splitting). The recommended dose for pregnant women is 400-800 μg per day, starting a few months before conception and continuing during the first trimester of pregnancy.
   • Iron: It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout the body. During pregnancy, the need for iron increases due to an increase in the volume of blood and the need to provide the fetal oxygen. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, increased susceptibility to infections and premature birth. The recommended dose is 27 mg per day.
   • Calcium: It is important for the formation of the bones and teeth of the fetus, as well as for maintaining the health of the mother’s bones. If the consumption of calcium is not enough, the mother’s body will extract it from the bones, which can lead to osteoporosis in the future. The recommended dose is 1000 mg per day.
   • Vitamin D: It is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, as well as to maintain the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of rickets in a child and other health problems. Recommended dose – 600 IU (15 μg) per day.
   • Omega-3 fatty acids (DGK and EPK): Important for the development of the brain and vision of the fetus. DGK is especially important for the formation of the nervous system and retina of the eye. Omega-3 fatty acids can also reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression. Recommended dose-200-300 mg of dgk per day.
   • Iodine: It is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland, which plays an important role in the development of the brain of the fetus. Iodine deficiency can lead to mental retardation and other health problems. The recommended dose is 220 μg per day.
   • Vitamin C: An antioxidant that helps protect the cells from damage and helps to absorb iron. The recommended dose is 85 mg per day.
   • B vitamins B: It is necessary for the normal function of the nervous system and energy metabolism. Vitamin B12, in particular, is important for the formation of the nerve tube of the fetus.

2. The role of full nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low -fat protein and healthy fats, should be the basis of nutrition during pregnancy. It is important to use a variety of products to provide the body with all the necessary nutrients.

   • Products rich in folic acid: Dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli), legumes (beans, lentils), oranges, enriched cereals.
   • Ground products: Red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes).
   • Calcium products: Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), dark green leafy vegetables, enriched products (juices, cereals).
   • Products rich in vitamin D: Bold fish (salmon, mackerel), egg yolks, enriched products (milk, cereals).
   • Products rich in omega-3 fatty acids: Fat fish (salmon, sardines, tuna), linen seeds, walnuts, additives with fish oil.
   • Products rich in iodine: Iodized salt, seafood, dairy products.

3. Limitations in nutrition during pregnancy: During pregnancy, certain products must be avoided, which can be harmful to the health of the mother and child.

   • Raw or undercooked fish, meat and poultry: May contain bacteria or parasites that cause diseases, such as leteruriosis and toxoplasmosis.
   • Nepasturized dairy products and soft cheeses: Also, bacteria that cause leatherosis may contain.
   • Pisces with a high mercury content: It can damage the nervous system of the fetus. Such fish include sharks, a sword fish, a royal macrel and a large-eyed tuna.
   • Alcohol: It can lead to serious problems with the health of the fetus, including fetal alcoholic syndrome.
   • Caffeine: In large quantities, the risk of miscarriage and premature birth can increase. It is recommended to limit the consumption of caffeine up to 200 mg per day (approximately 1-2 cups of coffee).

Section 2: What is dietary supplements and why do they cause fears during pregnancy?

Biologically active food additives (dietary supplements) are products designed to supplement the diet and contain one or more biologically active substances. They are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment or prevention of diseases.

1. Definition and classification of dietary supplements: Bades may contain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, grass, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants and other substances. They are produced in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, liquids and others.

   • Vitamin-mineral complexes: They contain a combination of vitamins and minerals designed to replenish the nutrient deficiency.
   • Plant additives: They contain extracts or powders of various herbs, which are traditionally used in folk medicine.
   • Probiotics and prebiotics: Contain live microorganisms (probiotics) or substances that contribute to the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines (prebiotics).
   • Antioxidants: Contain substances that help protect the cells from damage caused by free radicals.
   • Other additives: Contain various biologically active substances, such as amino acids, enzymes, hormones and others.

2. Differences of dietary supplements and medicines: The main difference between dietary supplements and drugs is that dietary supplements do not undergo strict clinical trials and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They are intended only to supplement the diet and maintain health.

   • Clinical trials: Medicines undergo strict clinical trials to prove their effectiveness and safety. Bades, as a rule, do not pass such tests.
   • Quality control: The production of drugs is strictly controlled by state bodies. The production of dietary supplements is controlled less strictly.
   • Marking: The marking of drugs should contain complete information about the composition, dosage, indications, contraindications and side effects. The marking of dietary supplements can be less detailed.

3. The risks associated with the reception of dietary supplements during pregnancy: Reception of dietary supplements during pregnancy can be associated with various risks, both for the mother and for the child.

   • Insufficient knowledge: Many dietary supplements were not properly studied for safety and effectiveness during pregnancy.
   • Unknown composition: The composition of some dietary supplements may not correspond to the declared on the label. They may contain impurities, toxic substances or ingredients that are contraindicated during pregnancy.
   • Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs that a pregnant woman takes, changing their effectiveness or causing side effects.
   • Overdose: Reception of dietary supplements in large doses can lead to an overdose of vitamins or minerals, which can be harmful to the health of the mother and child.
   • Allergic reactions: Some dietary supplements can cause allergic reactions in pregnant women.
   • Negative effect on the fetus: Some dietary supplements can have a negative effect on the development of the fetus, leading to congenital defects or other health problems.
   • Influence on lactation: Some dietary supplements can affect lactation by reducing milk production or changing its composition.

Section 3: Critical analysis of the most common dietary supplements used during pregnancy

There are many dietary supplements that are often recommended or used during pregnancy. It is important to critically evaluate their composition, potential risks and benefits, as well as consult a doctor before taking the appointment.

1. Vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women: Specially designed vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women, as a rule, contain recommended doses of folic acid, iron, calcium, vitamin D and other important nutrients.

   • Benefit: The feed of nutrients necessary for the normal development of the fetus and maintaining the health of the mother is replenished.
   • Risks: An overdose of individual vitamins and minerals, especially fat -soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). It is important to choose complexes containing doses corresponding to recommendations for pregnant women.
   • Recommendations: Choose complexes designed specifically for pregnant women, and consult your doctor to choose the best option. Do not take additional additives containing the same vitamins and minerals to avoid overdose.

2. Iron additives: Iron additives are often prescribed for pregnant women for the prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

   • Benefit: Prevent and treat anemia, improve oxygen transfer to the fetus, reduce the risk of premature birth and low weight at birth.
   • Risks: Constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. In rare cases, an overdose of iron, which can be dangerous.
   • Recommendations: Take iron additives only as prescribed by a doctor. Start with low doses and gradually increase them to reduce the risk of side effects. Use iron C to improve absorption. Avoid simultaneously taking iron with calcium, caffeine and some drugs, as they can reduce the absorption of iron.

3. Calcium additives: Calcium additives can be recommended to pregnant women who do not receive enough calcium from food.

   • Benefit: They support the health of the mother’s bones and contribute to the formation of the fetal bones and teeth.
   • Risks: Constipation, increased risk of kidney stones. In rare cases, an overdose of calcium, which can lead to hypercalcemia.
   • Recommendations: Take calcium additives only as a doctor’s prescription. Divide the daily dose into several techniques for better absorption. Use calcium adds with vitamin D to improve absorption. Avoid simultaneously taking calcium with iron, as they can reduce each other’s absorption.

4. Vitamin D supplements: Vitamin D additives can be recommended to pregnant women who have vitamin D.

   • Benefit: They support the health of the bones of the mother and fetus, improve the immune function, and reduce the risk of rickets in the child.
   • Risks: An overdose of vitamin D, which can lead to hypercalcemia and other health problems.
   • Recommendations: Take vitamin D additives only as prescribed by a doctor. Control the level of vitamin D in the blood.

5. Omega-3 supplements of fatty acids: The supplements of omega-3 fatty acids (DGC and EPC) can be recommended to pregnant women to support the development of the brain and vision of the fetus.

   • Benefit: They support the development of the brain and vision of the fetus, reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression.
   • Risks: Fish taste, nausea, stomach disorder. In high doses – an increased risk of bleeding.
   • Recommendations: Choose the supplements of omega-3 fatty acids that do not contain mercury and other pollutants. Take additives during meals to reduce the risk of stomach disorders.

6. Plant additives: Plant additives are widely used in folk medicine, but their safety and effectiveness during pregnancy are often not studied.

   • Examples and potential risks:
     • Chamomile: It can cause allergic reactions and increase the risk of miscarriage.
     • Ginger: It can facilitate nausea, but in large doses can increase the risk of bleeding.
     • SOUTINATEA: It can stimulate the immune system, but its safety is not studied during pregnancy.
     • Ginseng: It can increase blood pressure and cause insomnia.
     • St. John’s wort: It can interact with medicines and increase sensitivity to sunlight.
   • Recommendations: Avoid taking plant additives during pregnancy without consulting a doctor. Many plant additives can be dangerous to the health of the mother and child.

7. Probiotics: Probiotics contain living microorganisms that can improve intestinal health.

   • Benefit: They can improve digestion, strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of allergies in a child.
   • Risks: Rarely cause side effects, but some women may bloate the abdomen or discomfort in the intestines.
   • Recommendations: Choose probiotics containing well -known and well -studied strains of bacteria. Consult a doctor before the reception.

Section 4: Legislative regulation of dietary supplements: what do you need to know?

Legislative regulation of dietary supplements differs from the regulation of drugs. It is important to understand what requirements are for producers of dietary supplements and how to protect themselves from poor -quality products.

1. Normative acts regulating the turnover of dietary supplements: The turnover of dietary supplements is regulated by various regulatory acts, including federal laws, government decisions and technical regulations.

   • Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011 “On food safety”: Establishes requirements for food safety, including dietary supplements.
   • Federal Law of 02.01.2000 N 29-ФЗ “On the quality and safety of food products”: Determines the basic requirements for the quality and safety of food products, including dietary supplements.
   • SanPiN 2.3.2.1290-03 “Hygienic requirements for the organization of production and turnover of biologically active additives to food (BAD)”: Establishes hygiene requirements for the production and turnover of dietary supplements.

2. Bades labeling requirements: The marking of dietary supplements should contain certain information, including the name of the product, composition, date of manufacture, shelf life, storage conditions, information about the manufacturer, as well as contraindications and side effects.

   • Mandatory information:
     • The name of the product (for example, “vitamin-mineral complex for pregnant women”).
     • Composition (list of all ingredients).
     • The number of each ingredient in one portion.
     • Recommendations for use.
     • Contraindications.
     • Best before date.
     • Storage conditions.
     • Information about the manufacturer (name and address).
     • The number of the certificate of state registration.
     • The warning that dietary supplement is not a drug.
   • Additional information:
     • Information about the beneficial properties of the product.
     • Recommendations for combining with other products.
     • Warnings about possible side effects.

3. State registration of dietary supplements: Before issuing dietary supplements, public registration must be held in the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Blessing (Rospotrebnadzor).

   • Registration procedure: The manufacturer must provide in Rospotrebnadzor documents confirming the safety and quality of Bad. Rospotrebnadzor conducts an examination of documents and, if all requirements are met, issues a certificate of state registration.
   • Registration value: State registration confirms that the dietary supplement meets the requirements of security and quality established by law.

4. How to check the authenticity of dietary supplement: To check the authenticity of the dietary supplement, you can use the following ways:

   • Check the availability of state registration certificate on the Rospotrebnadzor website. The Rospotrebnadzor website has a register of certificates of state registration, where you can check whether this dietary supplement is registered.
   • Carefully study the marking. The marking should contain complete information about the composition, manufacturer and expiration date.
   • Buy dietary supplement in a safe place. Buy dietary supplements only in pharmacies or specialized stores licensed for the sale of dietary supplements.
   • Pay attention to the price. Too low price may indicate a fake.

Section 5: Safe alternative to dietary supplements: full nutrition and consultation with a doctor

Full nutrition and consultations with a doctor are the safest and most effective alternative to dietary supplements during pregnancy.

1. Development of an individual food plan, taking into account the needs of pregnancy: A doctor or nutritionist can develop an individual nutrition plan that takes into account the needs of pregnancy and the individual characteristics of a woman.

   • Current diet A doctor or nutritionist will assess the current diet and determine which nutrients need to be added.
   • Recommendations for the choice of products: A doctor or nutritionist will give recommendations for the choice of products rich in the necessary nutrients.
   • Menus compilation: A doctor or nutritionist can make an approximate menu that takes into account the needs of pregnancy and a woman’s preferences.

2. Regular consultations with a doctor: Regular consultations with a doctor allow you to control the state of health of the mother and fetus, identify possible deficits of nutrients and take the necessary measures in a timely manner.

   • Examination: The doctor will conduct the necessary examinations to assess the state of health of the mother and fetus.
   • Nutrient level control: The doctor may prescribe tests to control the level of nutrients in the blood and identify possible deficits.
   • Individual recommendations: The doctor will give individual recommendations for the nutrition and use of vitamins and minerals, taking into account the results of the examinations and the individual characteristics of the woman.

3. The use of dietary supplements only as prescribed by a doctor and under his control: In some cases, the doctor may prescribe dietary supplements to replenish the deficiency of nutrients, which cannot be eliminated only with nutrition.

   • Justification of the appointment: The doctor must justify the appointment of Bad, taking into account the results of the examinations and the individual characteristics of the woman.
   • Efficiency and safety control: The doctor must control the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements, regularly conducting examinations and assessing the state of health of the mother and fetus.
   • Information about possible risks: The doctor must inform the woman about the possible risks associated with the intake of Bad, and warn against self -medication.

4. Education and awareness of nutrition during pregnancy: It is important to obtain reliable nutrition information during pregnancy from reliable sources and critically evaluate the information received from other sources.

   • Reliable sources of information:
     • Doctors and nutritionists.
     • Official sites of medical organizations (for example, the Ministry of Health of Russia, WHO).
     • Scientific articles and reviews.
     • Books and brochures written by specialists in the field of food and pregnancy.
   • Critical information assessment: Do not trust information obtained from unreliable sources, such as social networks, forums and advertising sites. Critically evaluate the information received from these sources, and consult a doctor if you have doubts.

Section 6: Myths and errors about dietary supplements during pregnancy

There are many myths and misconceptions about dietary supplements during pregnancy. It is important to know the truth in order to make reasonable decisions about your health and health of your child.

1. Myth: “Dietary dietary supplements are natural, it means safe.”

   • Is it true: The naturalness of the product does not guarantee its safety. Many natural substances can be dangerous to health, especially during pregnancy. For example, some herbs can cause a miscarriage or have a negative effect on the development of the fetus.

2. Myth: “All pregnant women should take the same vitamins.”

   • Is it true: Nutrient needs may vary in different pregnant women, depending on their age, state of health, lifestyle and other factors. It is important to receive individual recommendations from a doctor.

3. Myth: “The more vitamins, the better.”

   • Is it true: An overdose of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous to health. It is especially dangerous to exceed the recommended doses of fat -soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which can accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects.

4. Myth: “Bades can replace good nutrition.”

   • Is it true: Bades are intended only to supplement the diet and cannot replace full nutrition. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low -fat protein and healthy fats is the basis of a healthy pregnancy.

5. Myth: “If dietary supplement is sold in a pharmacy, then it is safe.”

   • Is it true: The sale of dietary supplements in the pharmacy does not guarantee its security. Pharmacies should check the availability of a certificate of state registration, but are not responsible for the quality and safety of products.

6. Myth: “Bads help get pregnant.”

   • Is it true: Some dietary supplements, such as folic acid, can be useful for preparing for pregnancy, but they do not guarantee conception. If you have problems with conception, consult a doctor for examination and treatment.

7. Myth: “If I feel good, I do not need any additives.”

   • Is it true: Even if you feel good, you may have a deficiency of certain nutrients necessary for the normal development of the fetus. Regular consultations with a doctor and a balanced diet will help to provide the body with all the necessary substances.

Section 7: Recommendations for pregnant women for safe reception of additives

1. Mandatory consultation with a doctor before taking any dietary supplements. This is the most important advice. The doctor will be able to evaluate your health status, determine which nutrients you need, and choose safe and effective additives.

2. A thorough choice of dietary supplements:

   • Study of the composition: Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement and make sure that it does not contain ingredients that may be harmful during pregnancy.
   • Checking the availability of a certificate of state registration: Check the availability of state registration certificate on the Rospotrebnadzor website.
   • The choice of a reliable manufacturer: Choose dietary supplements from well -known and trusted manufacturers with a good reputation.
   • Buying in reliable places: Buy dietary supplements only in pharmacies or specialized stores licensed for the sale of dietary supplements.

3. Strict compliance with the dosage recommended by the doctor. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. An overdose of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous to health.

4. Attentive observation of your condition and timely seeking a doctor in case of side effects. If you feel any unpleasant symptoms after taking a dietary supplement, immediately stop taking it and consult a doctor.

5. Informing a doctor about all the dietary supplements and medicines. This is necessary to prevent possible interactions between dietary supplements and medicines.

6. The preference for a balanced diet as the main source of nutrients. Bades should only be used to supplement the diet, and not to replace a good nutrition.

7. Maintaining a diet and additives to track the consumption of nutrients and possible side effects. This will help the doctor evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements.

8. Caution when choosing plant additives and using only those that are recommended by a doctor and have proven security during pregnancy. Many plant additives can be dangerous to the health of the mother and child.

9. Avoiding dietary supplements with unproven effectiveness or dubious statements about health benefits. Do not waste money on dietary supplements, the effectiveness of which is not proven by scientific research.

10. Trust attitude to the opinion of the doctor and following his recommendations. The doctor is your main health adviser during pregnancy.

Section 8: Research and evidence -based base for the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy

A review of relevant research and meta-analyzes devoted to the efficiency and safety of various dietary supplements during pregnancy, with an emphasis on the evidence base and scientific data.

1. Folic acid and prevention of nervous tube defects: Many studies confirm that taking folic acid before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of defects in the nerve tube in the fetus. Met-analyzes show that the addition of folic acid reduces the risk by 72%. It is recommended to start taking folic acid 1-3 months before conception and continue during the first trimester of pregnancy.

2. Iron and prevention of anemia: Studies show that taking iron additives during pregnancy reduces the risk of iron deficiency anemia in the mother and improves the transfer of oxygen to the fetus. However, it should be borne in mind that the excess of iron can be harmful, so the use of iron additives should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

3. Vitamin D and bone health and immunity: Studies show that vitamin D is important for the health of the bones of the mother and fetus, as well as for the immune function. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of rickets in a child and other health problems. It is recommended to control the level of vitamin D in the blood and take additives if the level is insufficient.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids and the development of the brain and vision: Studies show that omega-3 fatty acids (DGC and EPK) are important for the development of the brain and vision of the fetus. Reception of the additives of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression.

5. Probiotics and intestinal health and immunity: Some studies show that the intake of probiotics during pregnancy can improve digestion, strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of allergies in the child. However, it is necessary to choose probiotics containing well -known and well -studied strains of bacteria.

6. Plant additives and the absence of a sufficient evidence base: Most of the plant additives do not have enough evidence base regarding their safety and efficiency during pregnancy. Many plant additives can be dangerous to the health of the mother and child. Therefore, you should avoid taking plant additives during pregnancy without consulting a doctor.

7. Meta-analyzes and systematic reviews: Met-analyzes and systematic reviews allow us to evaluate the totality of scientific data and draw reasonable conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of various dietary supplements during pregnancy. It is important to take into account the results of meta-analyzes and systematic reviews when making decisions on dietary supplements.

Section 9: Psychological aspect: anxiety and desire for “perfect pregnancy”

Many pregnant women are alarming about their child’s health and strive for a “perfect pregnancy”. This can lead to excessive use of dietary supplements and other irrational actions.

1. Anxiety and fear for the health of the child: Anxiety and fear for the health of a child are normal feelings for pregnant women. However, excessive anxiety can lead to stress and negatively affect the health of the mother and child.

2. The desire for “perfect pregnancy” and following fashion trends: Many pregnant women strive for “perfect pregnancy” and follow fashionable trends that often do not have scientific justification. This can lead to unjustified use of dietary supplements and other harmful practices.

3. The influence of information from the Internet and social networks: The Internet and social networks are a source of a huge amount of information about pregnancy and the health of the child. However, not all this information is reliable and useful. It is important to critically evaluate the information received from the Internet and social networks, and consult a doctor if you have doubts.

4. The role of medical consultation and support: Medical consultation and support play an important role in reducing anxiety and fear in pregnant women. The doctor can provide reliable information about pregnancy and the health of the child, as well as help to cope with stress and anxiety.

5. Family and friends support: Support from family and friends is also important for pregnant women. Relatives and friends can help cope with stress and anxiety, as well as support a healthy lifestyle.

6. Search for a balance between responsibility and a reasonable approach to health: It is important to find a balance between responsibility for the health of the child and a reasonable approach to your health. Do not worry excessively and follow all fashion trends. It is important to receive reliable information, consult a doctor and make reasonable decisions.

Section 10: Prospects and future areas of research in the field of dietary supplements and pregnancy

A review of promising areas of research that can clarify the issues of effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements during pregnancy.

1. The need to conduct large -scale clinical tests of dietary supplements: To assess the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements during pregnancy, large -scale clinical trials that meet modern standards must be carried out.

2. Studying the influence of dietary supplements on the long -term health of children: It is necessary to conduct studies that study the effect of dietary supplements during pregnancy on the long -term health of children.

3. Development of individual recommendations for receiving dietary supplements based on the genetic and metabolic features of pregnant women: In the future, it may be possible to develop individual recommendations for receiving dietary supplements based on the genetic and metabolic characteristics of pregnant women.

4. Using new technologies to assess safety and efficiency of dietary supplements: It is necessary to use new technologies, such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, to assess the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements during pregnancy.

5. Improving the legislative regulation of dietary supplements: It is necessary to improve the legislative regulation of dietary supplements in order to ensure the safety and quality of products.

6. Increasing the awareness of doctors and pregnant women about the risks and advantages of admission of dietary supplements. It is necessary to increase the awareness of doctors and pregnant women about the risks and advantages of admission of dietary supplements so that they can make reasonable decisions about their health and health of their child.

7. Development of educational programs for pregnant women on nutrition and health: It is necessary to develop educational programs for pregnant women on nutrition and health, so that they can independently make decisions about their health and health of their child