The best vitamins for pregnant women in trimester

First trimester (weeks 1-13): We lay the foundation

The first trimester of pregnancy is a critical period when the formation of the main organs and systems of the unborn child occurs. At this time, the need for certain vitamins and minerals increases significantly, and the correct choice of additives can significantly affect the health of the mother and child. It is important to understand that taking vitamins does not replace full nutrition, but only complements it, providing the body with the necessary substances.

1. Folic acid (vitamin B9): the basis of healthy development of the nervous tube

Folic acid, perhaps the most famous vitamin for pregnant women, especially in the first trimester. Its key role is to prevent defects of the fetal nervous tube, such as the back of bifid and anencephaly. The nervous tube develops in the first weeks of pregnancy, often even before the woman finds out about her position, so it is recommended to start taking folic acid a few months before the planned pregnancy.

The mechanism of action: Folic acid is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA necessary for cell division and growth. It also plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine, the increased level of which may be associated with the risk of pregnancy complications.
Dosage: The recommended dose of folic acid for pregnant women is 400-800 mcg per day. Women who have a history of children with nervous tube defects or taking certain drugs (for example, anticonvulsant drugs) may require a higher dose that should be discussed with a doctor.
Sources: In addition to additives, folic acid is contained in dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli), citrus, legumes and enriched grain products. However, getting enough folic acid only from food is often difficult, so the intake of additives is recommended.
Forms: Folic acid is available in two main forms: folic acid (synthetic form) and methylphulatory (active form). The methylphulatory can be preferable for women with genetic mutations, such as MTHFR, which can complicate the transformation of folic acid into its active form.
Cautions: In rare cases, taking high doses of folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important to consult a doctor before taking folic acid additives to make sure that it is safe and necessary.

2. Vitamin D: strong bones and immunity

Vitamin D plays an important role in the development of the bones and teeth of the child, and also supports the immune system of the mother. During pregnancy, the need for vitamin D increases, since it is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are important for the formation of the fetal skeleton.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium in the intestines and its deposition in the bones. He also plays a role in immune modulation and can help reduce the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin D for pregnant women is 600-800 IU (international units) per day. However, some studies show that higher doses (up to 2000-4000 IU) can be more useful, especially for women with vitamin D deficiency. It is important to take a blood test to determine the level of vitamin D and choose the optimal dose.
Sources: Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight. However, in the winter months or with insufficient stay in the sun, it can only be difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamin D from sunlight. Vitamin D is also contained in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), egg yolks and enriched products (milk, juices).
Forms: Vitamin D is available in two main forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholegalciferol). Vitamin D3, as a rule, is more effective in increasing the level of vitamin D in the blood.
Cautions: Taking high doses of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia (an increased level of calcium in the blood), which can be harmful to the mother and child. It is important to consult a doctor before taking vitamin D additives to make sure that it is safe and necessary.

3. Iron: prevention of anemia and oxygen provision

During pregnancy, the blood volume of a woman increases, which leads to an increase in the need for gland. Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, which transfers oxygen from the lungs to tissues of the body, including the placenta and fetus. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, weakness and increased risk of premature birth.

The mechanism of action: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, proteins that carry oxygen. It also participates in the work of the immune system and plays a role in energy exchange.
Dosage: The recommended dose of iron for pregnant women is 27 mg per day. However, women with anemia may need a higher dose that should be discussed with a doctor.
Sources: Iron is found in red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, spinach and enriched grain products. There are two types of iron: hemomal (contained in animal products) and non -meter (contained in plant products). Hem iron is better absorbed by the body.
Forms: Iron is available in various forms, including iron sulfate, iron fumarat and iron gluconate. Some forms of iron can cause constipation. To improve the absorption of iron, it is recommended to take it together with vitamin C.
Cautions: Iron intake can cause constipation, nausea and other gastrointestinal disorders. It is important to start with a small dose and gradually increase it in order to minimize side effects. Also, simultaneous use of iron with dairy products, coffee and tea should be avoided, as they can reduce its absorption.

4. Iodine: thyroid health and brain development

Iodine is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland, which produces hormones that regulate metabolism and brain development. During pregnancy, the need for iodine increases, since it is necessary for both the mother and the child. Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism in the mother and the delay in mental development in the child.

The mechanism of action: Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism, growth and development of the body.
Dosage: The recommended dose of iodine for pregnant women is 150-250 μg per day.
Sources: Iodine is contained in iodized salt, seafood, seaweed and dairy products.
Forms: Iodine is available in the form of potassium iodide and potassium iodate.
Cautions: Excess iodine can also be harmful to the thyroid gland. It is important not to exceed the recommended dose and consult a doctor if you have thyroid diseases.

5. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxin): relief nausea and support for the nervous system

Vitamin B6 plays an important role in the development of the brain and nervous system of the child. It can also help relieve nausea and vomiting, often found in the first trimester of pregnancy.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin B6 is involved in the metabolism of amino acids and neurotransmitters necessary for the normal function of the nervous system.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin B6 for pregnant women is 1.9 mg per day. To relieve nausea and vomiting, you can take higher doses, but only under the supervision of a doctor.
Sources: Vitamin B6 is contained in meat, fish, poultry, whole grain products, bananas and avocados.
Forms: Vitamin B6 is available in the form of pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Cautions: Taking high doses of vitamin B6 for a long time can lead to neurological problems. It is important not to exceed the recommended dose and consult a doctor before taking additives.

6. Kholin: brain development and prevention of nervous tube defects

Kholin is an important nutrient that plays a key role in the development of the brain and nervous system of the child. It can also help prevent defects in the nervous tube, especially in combination with folic acid.

The mechanism of action: Kholin is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, necessary for the normal function of the brain and nervous system. It is also a component of cell membranes and plays a role in fat transport.
Dosage: The recommended choline dose for pregnant women is 450 mg per day.
Sources: Kholin is found in eggs (especially in yolks), liver, meat, fish and legumes.
Forms: Choline is inserted into forme choline bithartra and phosphatidylcholine.
Cautions: Reception of high doses of choline can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It is important not to exceed the recommended dose and consult a doctor before taking additives.

It is important to remember:

Before taking any vitamins and additives, you need to consult a doctor.
Choose vitamins designed specifically for pregnant women.
Follow the recommended doses.
Do not replace good nutrition by taking vitamins.
Tell the doctor about all drugs and additives that you take.

Second trimester (weeks 14-27): growth and development

The second trimester of pregnancy is a period of active growth and development of the fetus. At this time, bones, teeth, muscles and senses are formed. The need for certain vitamins and minerals remains high, and the correct choice of additives can support the healthy development of the child and the good health of the mother.

1. Calcium: strong bones and teeth of the child

In the second trimester, intensive growth of the child’s bones and teeth occurs, so the need for calcium increases significantly. Calcium is necessary for the formation of the skeleton, as well as for the normal functioning of muscles, nerves and heart.

The mechanism of action: Calcium is the main building material for bones and teeth. He also plays a role in muscle contraction, transmitting nerve impulses and blood coagulation.
Dosage: The recommended dose of calcium for pregnant women is 1000 mg per day.
Sources: Calcium is found in dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), dark green leafy vegetables (broccoli, spinach), enriched products (juice, bread) and tofu.
Forms: Calcium is available in various forms, including calcium carbonate, calcium citrate and calcium gluconate. Calcium citrate is better absorbed by the body, especially if you have low acidity of the stomach.
Cautions: Reception of high doses of calcium can cause constipation and reduce the absorption of iron. It is important to observe the recommended dose and take iron and calcium at different times of the day.

2. Magnesium: support for muscles, nerves and blood sugar levels

Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining the health of muscles, nerves and bones. It also helps to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure. During pregnancy, the need for magnesium increases, as it is necessary for the growth and development of the child.

The mechanism of action: Magnesium is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. It is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, energy metabolism, muscle contraction and transmission of nerve impulses.
Dosage: The recommended dose of magnesium for pregnant women is 350-360 mg per day.
Sources: Magnesium is found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grain products and legumes.
Forms: Magnesium is available in various forms, including magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate and magnesium glycine. Magnesium glycinate is better absorbed by the body and less often causes side effects.
Cautions: Taking high doses of magnesium can cause diarrhea. It is important to observe the recommended dose and consult a doctor if you have kidney diseases.

3. Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA): Brain and vision development

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA (non-oxaexaenic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), play an important role in the development of the brain and vision of the child. They can also help reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression.

The mechanism of action: DHA is the main structural component of the brain and retina of the eye. EPA has anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Dosage: The recommended dose of DHA for pregnant women is 200-300 mg per day.
Sources: Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), linen seeds, chia seeds and walnuts.
Forms: Omega-3 fatty acids are available in the form of fish oil and vegetable oils. Fish oil is the best source of DHA and EPA.
Cautions: Fish oil may contain mercury and other pollutants. Choose fish fat that has undergone cleaning and testing for the content of heavy metals.

4. Zinc: Support for immunity and cell growth

Zinc plays an important role in supporting immunity, cell growth and wound healing. During pregnancy, the need for zinc increases, as it is necessary for the growth and development of the child.

The mechanism of action: Zinc is involved in more than 100 enzymatic reactions in the body. It is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, cell growth, wound healing and the immune system.
Dosage: The recommended zinc dose for pregnant women is 11 mg per day.
Sources: Zinc is contained in meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, nuts and seeds.
Forms: Zinc is available in various forms, including zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate and zinc picoline. Zinc Picoline is better absorbed by the body.
Cautions: Taking high doses of zinc can reduce copper assimilation. It is important to observe the recommended dose and take zinc and copper at different times of the day.

5. Vitamin C: increased immunity and assimilation of iron

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that strengthens immunity and helps to absorb iron. During pregnancy, the need for vitamin C increases, as it is necessary to protect cells from damage and assimilation of iron.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of collagen necessary for the health of the skin, bones and blood vessels. It is also a powerful antioxidant and helps to absorb iron.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin C for pregnant women is 85 mg per day.
Sources: Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, berries, kiwi, broccoli and pepper.
Forms: Vitamin C is available in the form of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate.
Cautions: Taking high doses of vitamin C can cause diarrhea. It is important to observe the recommended dose.

6. Vitamin E: Cell protection from damage

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect the cells from damage caused by free radicals. He also plays a role in maintaining the health of the skin and the immune system.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidation caused by free radicals. It also participates in the operation of the immune system and regulates blood coagulation.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin E for pregnant women is 15 mg per day.
Sources: Vitamin E is found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds and green leafy vegetables.
Forms: Vitamin E is available in the form of alpha-tocopherol.
Cautions: Taking high doses of vitamin E can increase the risk of bleeding. It is important to observe the recommended dose and consult a doctor if you take anticoagulants.

It is important to remember:

Continue taking folic acid throughout pregnancy.
Discuss with the doctor the need to receive additional vitamins and minerals.
Choose vitamins containing vitamins D, calcium, iron and omega-3 fatty acids.
Observe a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grain products.
Drink enough water.

Third trimester (weeks 28-40): Preparation for childbirth

The third trimester of pregnancy is a period of preparation for childbirth. At this time, the child continues to grow and gain weight, and the mother’s body is preparing for childbirth and breastfeeding. The right choice of vitamins and minerals can support the health of the mother and child, as well as prepare the body for the upcoming birth.

1. Iron: preparation for childbirth and prevention of anemia

In the third trimester, the need for iron remains high, since the child continues to store iron for the first months of life. The adequate level of iron in the mother is also important for preparing for childbirth and prevention of anemia after childbirth.

The mechanism of action: Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, which transfers oxygen from the lungs to tissues of the body, including the placenta and fetus.
Dosage: The recommended dose of iron for pregnant women is 27 mg per day. Women with anemia may need a higher dose that should be discussed with a doctor.
Sources: Iron is found in red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, spinach and enriched grain products.
Forms: Iron is available in various forms, including iron sulfate, iron fumarat and iron gluconate. To improve the absorption of iron, it is recommended to take it together with vitamin C.
Cautions: Iron intake can cause constipation, nausea and other gastrointestinal disorders. It is important to start with a small dose and gradually increase it in order to minimize side effects.

2. Calcium: bone support and preparation for breastfeeding

Calcium continues to play an important role in maintaining the bone tissue of the mother and the child. It is also necessary to prepare the body for breastfeeding, since calcium is transmitted to the baby through breast milk.

The mechanism of action: Calcium is the main building material for bones and teeth. He also plays a role in muscle contraction, transmitting nerve impulses and blood coagulation.
Dosage: The recommended dose of calcium for pregnant women is 1000 mg per day.
Sources: Calcium is found in dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), dark green leafy vegetables (broccoli, spinach), enriched products (juice, bread) and tofu.
Forms: Calcium is available in various forms, including calcium carbonate, calcium citrate and calcium gluconate.
Cautions: Reception of high doses of calcium can cause constipation and reduce the absorption of iron. It is important to observe the recommended dose and take iron and calcium at different times of the day.

3. Vitamin D: Support for immunity and bone health

Vitamin D continues to play an important role in supporting the immunity of the mother and child, as well as in ensuring the health of bones.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium in the intestines and its deposition in the bones. He also plays a role in immune modulation.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin D for pregnant women is 600-800 IU per day. Some studies show that higher doses can be more useful, especially for women with vitamin D.
Sources: Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight. It is also found in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), egg yolks and enriched products (milk, juices).
Forms: Vitamin D is available in two main forms: D2 and D3. Vitamin D3, as a rule, is more effective in increasing the level of vitamin D in the blood.
Cautions: Taking high doses of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia. It is important to consult a doctor before taking vitamin D additives to make sure that it is safe and necessary.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA): development of brain and vision and prevention of postpartum depression

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA and EPA, continue to play an important role in the development of the brain and vision of the child. They can also help reduce the risk of postpartum depression in the mother.

The mechanism of action: DHA is the main structural component of the brain and retina of the eye. EPA has anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Dosage: The recommended dose of DHA for pregnant women is 200-300 mg per day.
Sources: Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), linen seeds, chia seeds and walnuts.
Forms: Omega-3 fatty acids are available in the form of fish oil and vegetable oils.
Cautions: Fish oil may contain mercury and other pollutants. Choose fish fat that has undergone cleaning and testing for the content of heavy metals.

5. Probiotics: support for intestinal health and immunity

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that maintain intestinal health and strengthen immunity. During pregnancy, the intake of probiotics can help reduce the risk of vaginal infections, gestational diabetes and allergic diseases in a child.

The mechanism of action: Probiotics help to balance the intestinal microflora, displacing harmful bacteria and strengthening the immune system.
Dosage: The dosage of probiotics depends on a specific strain and product. It is important to follow the instructions on the packaging.
Sources: Probiotics are contained in yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and other fermented products. They are also available in the form of additives.
Forms: Probiotics are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and powders.
Cautions: Taking probiotics is usually safe, but in some people it can cause bloating and gas formation.

6. Vitamin K: blood coagulation support

Vitamin K plays an important role in blood coagulation. It is necessary for the production of proteins that help stop bleeding.

The mechanism of action: Vitamin K is involved in the synthesis of blood coagulation factors.
Dosage: The recommended dose of vitamin K for pregnant women is 90 μg per day.
Sources: Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables, broccoli and Brussels cabbage.
Forms: Vitamin K is available in two main forms: K1 (Phillokhinon) and K2 (Menakhinon).
Cautions: Reception of high doses of vitamin K can interact with anticoagulants. It is important to consult a doctor if you take anticoagulants.

It is important to remember:

Continue to observe a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Drink enough water.
Rest and get enough sleep.
Visit a doctor regularly to control your health and health.
Prepare for childbirth, attending courses for pregnant women and reading literature on childbirth and caring for newborn.

In conclusion, the choice of vitamins and minerals for pregnant women should be individual and based on the needs of each woman. It is important to consult a doctor to choose the optimal complex of vitamins and minerals, which will be safe and effective for you and your child. Remember that vitamins are only an addition to a healthy lifestyle, which includes a balanced diet, a sufficient amount of sleep and regular physical exercises.