Vitamins for children: Pediatrician advice
Section 1: The need for vitamins for the child’s body
A growing children’s body needs a balanced intake of vitamins and minerals to ensure normal growth, development, functioning of the immune system and maintaining overall health. Vitamins act as catalysts of biochemical processes occurring in the body, and participate in many important functions, from the strengthening of bones to the protection of cells from damage.
1.1. The role of vitamins in growth and development
Vitamins play a key role in the formation of bones, teeth, tissues and organs. The disadvantage of certain vitamins can lead to growth retardation, the incorrect formation of the skeleton and other problems of development.
- Vitamin D: It is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which is critical for the growth and strengthening of bones and teeth. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets.
- Vitamin A: It is important for vision, bone growth, immune function and skin health.
- B vitamins B: Participate in the metabolism of energy, cell growth and the functioning of the nervous system.
- Vitamin C: It is necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which is an important component of connective tissue, as well as to strengthen immunity.
1.2. The influence of vitamins on the immune system
Strong immunity is the key to the child’s health. Vitamins play an important role in maintaining and strengthening the immune system, helping the body fight infections and diseases.
- Vitamin C: A powerful antioxidant that stimulates the production of leukocytes (white blood cells), which play a key role in immune protection.
- Vitamin D: Regulates the immune system and helps to fight infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections.
- Vitamin A: Supports the integrity of the mucous membranes, which are the first barrier against infections.
- Vitamin E: An antioxidant that protects the cells of the immune system from damage.
- Zinc: It is necessary for the development and functioning of immune cells.
1.3. The connection of vitamins with cognitive functions
Vitamins play an important role in the development and functioning of the brain, affecting cognitive functions, such as memory, attention and concentration.
- B vitamins B: Especially important for the functioning of the nervous system and cognitive functions. The deficiency of vitamins B12 and B9 (folic acid) can lead to problems with memory and concentration.
- Vitamin D: Studies show the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cognitive impairment.
- Iron: Although iron is not a vitamin, it is extremely important for the delivery of oxygen to the brain and maintaining cognitive functions.
Section 2: Basic vitamins necessary for children
Consider the main vitamins necessary for children for normal growth and development, and their sources.
2.1. Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Functions: Vision, bone growth, immune function, skin health.
- Sources: Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, pumpkin, liver, egg yolk, dairy products.
- Deficiency: Dry skin, vision of vision in the dark (chicken blindness), increased susceptibility to infections.
- Overdose: Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, irritability, hair loss, peeling of the skin.
2.2. B vitamins b
- Functions: Energy metabolism, cell growth, the functioning of the nervous system.
- Vitamin B1 (TIAMIN): Metabolism of carbohydrates, the functioning of the nervous system. Sources: whole grain products, meat, nuts, legumes.
- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Energy metabolism, skin and eye health. Sources: dairy products, meat, eggs, green vegetables.
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Metabolism of energy, skin health and nervous system. Sources: meat, fish, poultry, peanuts, whole grain products.
- Vitamin B5 (pantotenic acid): Energy metabolism, the synthesis of hormones. Sources: widespread in food.
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin): Amino acid metabolism, the functioning of the nervous system, the formation of red blood cells. Sources: meat, fish, poultry, bananas, potatoes.
- Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, skin, hair and nails. Sources: eggs, liver, nuts, seeds.
- Vitamin B9 (folic acid): Cell growth, the formation of red blood cells, prevention of defects in the nervous tube in the fetus. Sources: green leafy vegetables, legumes, citrus fruits.
- Vitamin B12 (cobalamin): The functioning of the nervous system, the formation of red blood cells. Sources: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products. Vegetarians and vegans need to additionally take vitamin B12.
2.3. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
- Functions: Strengthening immunity, collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection.
- Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, bell pepper, broccoli, tomatoes.
- Deficiency: Weakness, fatigue, bleeding gums, slow healing of wounds.
- Overdose: Diarya, nausea, abdominal pain.
2.4. Vitamin D (calciferol)
- Functions: The absorption of calcium and phosphorus, growth and strengthening of bones and teeth, regulation of the immune system.
- Sources: Fish oil, fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), egg yolk, enriched products (milk, juices, porridge).
- Deficiency: Rachite (in children), osteomination (in adults), weakness, bone pain.
- Overdose: Nausea, vomiting, weakness, abdominal pain, increased blood pressure.
2.5. Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
- Functions: Antioxidant protection, strengthening immunity.
- Sources: Vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, green leafy vegetables.
- Deficiency: It is rarely found, can lead to neurological problems.
- Overdose: Rarely, can lead to a violation of blood coagulation.
2.6. Vitamin K (Phillokhinon)
- Functions: Blood coagulation.
- Sources: Green leaf vegetables, broccoli, cauliflower.
- Deficiency: It is rarely found, can lead to bleeding.
- Overdose: Rarely.
Section 3: situations when children need vitamins
Although a balanced diet is the best way to produce vitamins, in some situations, children may require additional intake of vitamin additives.
3.1. Breastfeeding and vitamin D
Breast milk is perfect food for babies, but it may not contain enough vitamin D. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all babies on breastfeeding, additives of vitamin D per day, starting from the first days of life.
3.2. Artificial feeding
Most children’s mixtures are enriched with vitamins and minerals, so babies who are artificial feeding usually do not need additional vitamin additives if they receive a sufficient amount of the mixture.
3.3. Limited food and selectivity in food
Children who do not eat poorly, have a limited diet or selected in food, may not receive enough vitamins and minerals from food. In this case, the intake of polyvitamin complexes can be useful.
3.4. Vegetarian and vegan food
Children who adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet may need additional vitamins B12, D, iron, zinc and calcium, since these nutrients are mainly contained in animal products.
3.5. Chronic diseases
Some chronic diseases, such as intestinal diseases, cystic fibrosis and celiac disease, can violate the absorption of vitamins and minerals, which requires additional reception of additives.
3.6. Taking drugs
Some drugs can affect the absorption or metabolism of vitamins, which requires correction of a diet or taking vitamin additives.
3.7. Periods of intensive growth
During periods of intensive growth, especially in adolescence, the need for vitamins and minerals may increase.
3.8. Geographical factors
In regions with insufficient sunlight (especially in winter), vitamin D deficiency is a common problem, and children may require additional intake of vitamin D.
Section 4: How to choose vitamins for children
The choice of vitamin additives for children is a responsible decision that should be made taking into account the age of the child, his individual needs and the doctor’s recommendations.
4.1. Consultation with a pediatrician
Before giving a child any vitamin additives, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician. The doctor will evaluate the state of health of the child, his diet and determine if he has a deficiency of any vitamins or minerals.
4.2. The age of the child
Choose vitamin supplements designed specifically for your child’s age. The dosage of vitamins and minerals in additions for babies, young children and adolescents can differ significantly.
4.3. The form of release
Vitamins for children are produced in various forms: chewing tablets, syrups, drops and loafers. Choose a form that is most convenient for your child.
4.4. The composition of the vitamin complex
Pay attention to the composition of the vitamin complex. Make sure that it contains the necessary vitamins and minerals in the correct dosages. Avoid additives with a high sugar content, artificial dyes and flavors.
4.5. Quality and safety
Choose vitamin additives from well -known and trusted manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products. Make sure the additive has passed the necessary checks and certification.
4.6. Allergies and intolerance
Consider possible allergies and intolerance in a child. Carefully read the composition of the vitamin complex to make sure that it does not contain ingredients that can cause an allergic reaction.
4.7. Dosage and reception mode
Strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations or instructions on the packaging regarding the dosage and the reception mode of the vitamin complex. Do not exceed the recommended dose, as this can lead to an overdose of vitamins and undesirable side effects.
4.8. Combination with nutrition
Some vitamins are better absorbed when eating. For example, fat -soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are better absorbed when taking products containing fats.
Section 5: Products rich in vitamins for baby food
Proper and balanced nutrition is the best way to provide the child with the necessary vitamins and minerals.
5.1. Fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and fiber.
- Apples: Contain vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants.
- Bananas: Contain potassium, vitamin B6 and fiber.
- Orange: Contain vitamin C, folic acid and potassium.
- Berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries): Contain vitamin C, antioxidants and fiber.
- Carrot: Contains vitamin A, fiber and antioxidants.
- Broccoli: Contains vitamin C, vitamin K, folic acid and fiber.
- Spinach: Contains vitamin A, vitamin K, folic acid and iron.
- Sweet potato: Contains vitamin A, vitamin C and fiber.
5.2. Grain products
All -grain products are a good source of group B vitamins, fiber and minerals.
- Oatmeal: Contains fiber, vitamins of group B and iron.
- Whole wheat bread: Contains fiber, B vitamins and minerals.
- Brown rice: Contains fiber, B vitamins and magnesium.
5.3. Dairy products
Dairy products – a source of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12.
- Milk: Contains calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and protein.
- Yogurt: Contains calcium, probiotics and protein.
- SHE: Contains calcium, vitamin A and protein.
5.4. Meat and poultry
Meat and poultry – the source of protein, iron and vitamin B12.
- Chicken: Contains protein, vitamin B6 and niacin.
- Beef: Contains protein, iron and vitamin B12.
5.5. Fish
Fish-source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.
- Salmon: Contains protein, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.
- Tuna: Contains protein, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.
5.6. Legumes
Legumes are a source of protein, fiber, iron and folic acid.
- Beans: Contains protein, fiber, iron and folic acid.
- Lentils: Contains protein, fiber, iron and folic acid.
- Pea: Contains protein, fiber, iron and folic acid.
5.7. Nuts and seeds
Nuts and seeds are a source of protein, healthy fats, vitamin E and minerals.
- Almond: Contains protein, vitamin E and magnesium.
- Walnuts: Contain protein, omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.
- Seeds of Chia: Contain protein, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids and calcium.
- Flax seeds: Contain protein, fiber and omega-3 fatty acids.
Section 6: Signs of Vitamin deficiency in children
It is important to notice the signs of vitamin deficiency in a child in time in order to take measures and prevent serious health problems.
6.1. General signs
- Fatigue and weakness
- Irritability and moodiness
- Bad appetite
- Growth and development delay
- Frequent infections
6.2. Signs of deficiency of specific vitamins
- Vitamin A: Dry skin, vision of vision in the dark (chicken blindness), frequent infections.
- B vitamins B: Fatigue, irritability, problems with memory and concentration, skin rashes, cracks in the corners of the mouth.
- Vitamin C: Bleeding gums, slow healing of wounds, frequent bruises.
- Vitamin D: Rachite (in children), weakness, bone pain.
- Vitamin E: It is rarely found, can lead to neurological problems.
6.3. What to do if suspicion of vitamin deficiency
If there are signs of vitamins deficiency in a child, it is necessary to contact a pediatrician. The doctor will conduct an examination, prescribe the necessary tests and determine whether the child needs additional vitamin additives.
Section 7: Cautions and side effects
Vitamins, although necessary for health, can be harmful with an overdose. It is important to observe caution and follow the doctor’s recommendations.
7.1. The risks of an overdose of vitamins
An overdose of vitamins can lead to various side effects, from lungs (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) to serious (damage to the liver, kidneys, nervous system). An overdose of fat -soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which accumulate in the body, is especially dangerous.
7.2. Interaction of vitamins with drugs
Vitamins can interact with some drugs, changing their effectiveness or increasing side effects. It is necessary to inform the doctor about all vitamin additives that the child takes.
7.3. Allergic reactions
Some vitamin additives may contain ingredients that cause allergic reactions in some children. Carefully read the composition of the vitamin complex and avoid additives containing potential allergens.
7.4. Vitamin additive storage rules
Keep vitamin additives in an inaccessible place for children to avoid random overdose. Follow the instructions on the packaging regarding storage conditions.
Section 8: Practical tips for providing a child with vitamins
Here are a few practical tips that will help provide the child with the necessary vitamins and minerals:
8.1. Plan a variety and balanced meals
Include a variety of products from all groups in the child’s diet: fruits, vegetables, grain, dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds.
8.2. Encourage fruit and vegetable consumption
Make fruits and vegetables available and attractive to the child. Offer them as snacks, add to the main dishes.
8.3. Cook with your child
Attract the child to the cooking process. This will help him learn more about products and make a more conscious choice in favor of healthy food.
8.4. Limit the consumption of processed products
Limit the consumption of processed products, such as fast food, sweets and carbonated drinks that are poor in vitamins and minerals.
8.5. Provide enough stay in the sun
Staying in the sun is necessary to develop vitamin D. Try that the child spends enough time in the fresh air, especially in the summer.
8.6. Discuss power with a pediatrician
Regularly discuss nutrition issues with a pediatrician. The doctor will help to evaluate the child’s diet and give recommendations for its improvement.
8.7. Be an example
Children learn from their parents. Be an example of a healthy diet and lifestyle, and your child will most likely follow your example.
8.8. Be patient
Do not expect that the child will immediately love healthy food. Be patient and offer new products gradually.
Section 9: Vitamins and special needs
Consider the features of taking vitamins for children with special needs, such as premature children, children with allergies and children with chronic diseases.
9.1. Vitamins for premature children
Premature children often need additional vitamins and minerals, as they did not have time to get enough nutrients during pregnancy. Usually they are prescribed special vitamin complexes containing vitamin D, iron, folic acid and other necessary nutrients.
9.2. Vitamins for children with allergies
Children with allergies should take vitamin additives with caution, as they may contain ingredients that cause an allergic reaction. Carefully read the composition of the vitamin complex and avoid additives containing potential allergens, such as milk protein, gluten, soy, eggs and nuts.
9.3. Vitamins for children with chronic diseases
Children with chronic diseases, such as intestinal diseases, cystic fibrosis and celiac disease, may need additional vitamins and minerals, since their absorption of nutrients can be impaired. The doctor can prescribe special vitamin complexes taking into account the characteristics of the disease.
9.4. Vitamins for children with autism
Some studies show that children with autism may have a deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, vitamin B12 and magnesium. However, before giving a child with autism any vitamin additives, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Section 10: Myths and errors about vitamins for children
There are many myths and misconceptions about vitamins for children. Consider some of them.
10.1. Myth: Vitamins strengthen the immunity and protect against colds
Although vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin D, play an important role in maintaining the immune system, they do not guarantee protection against colds and other infections.
10.2. Myth: the more vitamins, the better
An overdose of vitamins can be harmful to health. It is necessary to observe the recommended dosage of vitamin additives.
10.3. Myth: all vitamin additives are the same
The quality of vitamin additives can differ significantly. Choose additives from well -known and trusted manufacturers.
10.4. Myth: Vitamins can only be obtained from tablets
The best way to get vitamins is a balanced diet. Vitamin additives should be used only in cases where the child does not receive enough vitamins from food.
10.5. Myth: Children who eat well do not need vitamins
In some cases, even children who eat well can need additional vitamins, for example, in vitamin D in winter.
10.6. Myth: Vitamins are a medicine
Vitamins are nutrients necessary for health. They are not a medicine and cannot cure diseases.
10.7. Myth: only sick children need vitamins
Vitamins are needed by all children for normal growth and development, even healthy.
10.8. Myth: if vitamins do not help, then they are fake
The effectiveness of vitamins depends on many factors, such as dosage, reception mode, child health and additive quality. If vitamins do not help, this does not always mean that they are fake. It is necessary to consult a doctor.