Diet for digestion: normalize the digestive tract

Diet for digestion: normalize the digestive tract

Section 1: Understanding the digestive system and the need to support

1. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract:

   • Esophagus: The tube connecting the mouth and stomach, which conducts food through peristalsis. Peristalsis – wave -like muscle contractions, pushing food along the digestive tract. The upper and lower esophageal sphincters regulate the passage of food.
   • Stomach: A bag where the food is mixed with gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes that break down proteins. The stomach has high acidity (pH 1.5-3.5) necessary for the activation of pepsin (enzyme, splitting protein) and the destruction of bacteria. The mucous membrane of the stomach protects its walls from self -digestion.
   • Small intestine: The longest gastrointestinal department, where the main absorption of nutrients occurs. It consists of duodenum, spinning intestine and ileum. The duodenum receives bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas, necessary for digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Skinny and ileum have villi and microse -resistance, increasing the surface area for absorption.
   • Bulshose intestines: The digestion process completes, absorbing water and forming feces. It consists of a cecum, an ascending colon, the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid intestine and rectum. A large number of microorganisms (microbiota), participating in the enzyme for undigested food residues and the synthesis of vitamins, live in the large intestine.
   • Pancreas: It produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes for the breakdown of proteins (thripsin, chimotrypsin), carbohydrates (amylase) and fats (lipase). It also produces hormones that regulate blood sugar (insulin and glucagon).
   • Liver and gall bladder: The liver produces the bile necessary for emulsing fats, which facilitates their digestion and absorption. The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile.
   • Microbiotic intestinal: The totality of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal tract, playing an important role in digestion, immunity and general health. The composition of microbiots affects the absorption of nutrients, the synthesis of vitamins (for example, vitamin K and B vitamins), protection against pathogenic microorganisms and regulation of the immune system. Microbiotic imbalance (dysbiosis) can lead to various digestive problems.

2. The main digestive problems:

   • Dyspepsia (indigestion): A state characterized by a sense of overflow, swelling, nausea, heartburn and discomfort in the upper abdomen after eating. It can be caused by overeating, eating fatty or spicy foods, stress, taking certain drugs or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
   • Heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease – GERB): It occurs when gastric juice is thrown into the esophagus, causing burning in the chest. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, drinking alcohol, coffee, chocolate and fatty foods, as well as a hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.
   • Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): Chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, a change in the frequency and consistency of the stool (diarrhea or constipation). The causes of the IBS have not been fully studied, but intestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, inflammation and psychosocial factors play an important role.
   • Constipation: Difficult or rare intestinal emptying. It can be caused by a lack of fiber in the diet, dehydration, low physical activity, taking some drugs or gastrointestinal diseases.
   • Diarrhea: Farm and liquid chair. It can be caused by infections, food poisoning, antibiotics, inflammatory diseases of the intestines or SRK.
   • Bloating (flatulence): Excessive gases in the intestines, causing a feeling of bursting and discomfort. It can be caused by the use of products that cause gas formation (for example, legumes, cabbage), digestive disorders or dysbiosis.
   • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that affects various departments of the gastrointestinal tract. Characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in a chair, weight loss and other symptoms.
   • Dysbacteriosis (dysbiosis): Violation of the balance of intestinal microbiots. It can lead to various problems with digestion, weakening of immunity and other diseases.

3. Factors affecting the health of the digestive tract:

   • Diet: A diet rich in processed products, sugar and fats can negatively affect digestion. The lack of fiber leads to constipation and deterioration of the health of microbiota.
   • Water balance: Insufficient water consumption can lead to constipation and difficulty of digestion.
   • Stress: Stress can disrupt intestinal motility, cause bloating and other digestive problems.
   • Medication: Some drugs, such as antibiotics, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, can negatively affect digestion. Antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic, but also beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which leads to dysbiosis.
   • Age: With age, the production of digestive enzymes decreases and intestinal motor skills worsen, which can lead to digestive problems.
   • Physical activity: Low physical activity can contribute to constipation and deterioration of the general state of the gastrointestinal tract.
   • Smoking and alcohol: Smoking and drinking alcohol can irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa and worsen digestion.
   • Food intolerance and allergies: Intolerance to lactose or gluten can cause digestive problems.

4. The role of dietary supplements in supporting digestion:

   • Bades can make up for the lack of necessary nutrients, such as enzymes, fiber, probiotics and prebiotics that play an important role in digestion.
   • They can help alleviate the symptoms of various digestive problems, such as bloating, constipation, diarrhea and heartburn.
   • Bades can help improve the health of the intestinal microbiots, which has a positive effect on digestion and immunity.
   • Important: dietary supplements are not a medicine and do not replace full treatment. Before taking dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.

Section 2: Classification and action of dietary supplements for digestion

1. Enzymes:

   • Appointment: They help break food into smaller components, facilitating their absorption.
   • Types:
     • Proteases: Squirrels break down. Useful for insufficient production of gastric juice or when eating a large amount of protein food.
     • Amilara: Drink carbohydrates. Help with insufficient production of saliva or pancreatic juice.
     • Lipases: The fats break down. Useful for diseases of the pancreas or gall bladder.
     • Lactase: It breaks down lactose (milk sugar). It is necessary for people with lactose intolerance.
     • Cellulase: It breaks down cellulose (fiber). Helps to improve the digestion of vegetables and fruits.
     • Bromelain and Papain: Enzymes of plant origin with anti -inflammatory properties and contributing to the breakdown of proteins.
   • The mechanism of action: Enzymes accelerate the chemical reactions necessary for digestion of food. They act as catalysts, splitting complex molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed into the blood.
   • Indications: The insufficiency of digestive enzymes, bloating, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (SRK), pancreatic disease.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, acute pancreatitis.
   • Examples: Pancreatin, Mezim Forte, Creon, Enzyist.

2. Probiotics:

   • Appointment: They contain living microorganisms, which, when used in sufficient quantities, have a beneficial effect on the host’s body, improving the balance of intestinal microbiots.
   • Types:
     • Lactobacteria (lactobacillus): Lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus Plantarum. They help to improve digestion, strengthen immunity and fight pathogenic bacteria.
     • Bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium): Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bifidobacterium Longum, Bifidobacterium Infantis. They play an important role in digesting food, synthesis of vitamins and maintaining immunity. Especially important for children.
     • Saccharomyces boulardii: Yeast with the ability to fight diarrhea caused by antibiotics or infections.
     • Streptococcus thermophilus: The bacterium used in the production of yogurt helps to digest lactose.
   • The mechanism of action: Probiotics populate the intestines, displacing pathogenic bacteria, produce beneficial substances (for example, vitamins and short -chain fatty acids), stimulate the immune system and improve the barrier function of the intestine.
   • Indications: Dysbiosis, diarrhea (including antibiotic -absorbed), constipation, bloating, irritable intestines (SRK), inflammatory intestinal diseases (BCC) (as part of complex therapy), and strengthening immunity.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, acute infectious diseases (in some cases).
   • Examples: Linex, biform, Acipol, Enterol, Normobakt L, BIOGAYA.

3. Prebiotics:

   • Appointment: Unbertable food ingredients that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.
   • Types:
     • Inulin: Polysaccharide contained in onions, garlic, chicory and other plants. Stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria.
     • Frictoligosaccharides (phos): Contained in bananas, onions, garlic and asparagus. Promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
     • Galactooligosaccharides (state): Get from lactose. They stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and improve calcium absorption.
     • Lactulose: Synthetic disaccharide with a laxative effect. It stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
     • Food fibers (fiber): Interested carbohydrates contained in vegetables, fruits, grain and legumes. Improve intestinal motility and are food for microbiots.
   • The mechanism of action: Prebiotics serve as food for beneficial bacteria in the intestines, stimulating their growth and activity. This leads to an improvement in the balance of microbiots, strengthening immunity and improving digestion.
   • Indications: Dysbiosis, constipation, bloating, irritable intestinal syndrome (SRK), improving digestion, strengthening immunity.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, acute inflammatory intestinal diseases.
   • Examples: Dufalac (lactulose), inulin in powder, dietary fiber (bran, psillium).

4. Sorbentean:

   • Appointment: Toxins, gases and other harmful substances are associated and remove from the body.
   • Types:
     • Activated carbon: Classic sorbent with high porosity and ability to bind various substances.
     • Silicon dioxide (enterosgel, polysorb): It has a high sorption ability and selectively binds toxins without affecting beneficial substances.
     • Smectitis Dioctaedric (Smecta): It has an enveloping and adsorbing effect, protects the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract from irritation.
     • Hydrolysis lignin (polyphepan): The product of wood processing has sorption and detoxification properties.
     • Hitosan: Received from shells of crustaceans, has the ability to bind fats and toxins.
   • The mechanism of action: Sorbents have a porous structure that allows them to bind various substances in the gastrointestinal tract. Related substances are excreted from the body with feces.
   • Indications: Diarrhea, poisoning, bloating, allergic reactions, dysbiosis (as part of complex therapy).
   • Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in an exacerbation stage, individual intolerance.
   • Examples: Activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polysorb, Smecta, Polyphepan.

5. Choleretic means:

   • Appointment: They stimulate the production and outflow of bile, improving the digestion of fats and the absorption of fat -soluble vitamins.
   • Types:
     • Holeretics: Strengthen the production of bile by the liver (for example, allochol, cholenzim).
     • Holekinetics: They stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder and the release of bile in the duodenum (for example, magnesium sulfate, sorbitol).
     • Vegetable choleretic: They contain extracts of plants with choleretic properties (for example, immortelle, corn stigmas, artichoke).
   • The mechanism of action: The choleretic agents increase the production of bile, improve its composition and stimulate its outflow in the duodenum. Bile is necessary for emulsing fats, which facilitates their digestion and absorption.
   • Indications: Discinesia of the biliary tract, cholecystitis (out of exacerbation), constipation, disturbance of digestion of fatty foods.
   • Contraindications: Gallstone disease, acute cholecystitis, acute hepatitis, mechanical jaundice.
   • Examples: Allochol, Holenzim, Hofitol (Artichok), Hepaben (Milkopsha), Ursosan (ursodexicoic acid – not dietary supplements, but a medicine, but it is worth mentioning).

6. Hepatoprotectors:

   • Appointment: Protect liver cells from damage and contribute to its restoration.
   • Types:
     • Plant hepatoprotectors: Contain extracts of plants with hepatoprotective properties (for example, milk thistle, artichoke, lecithin).
     • Essential phospholipids: Restore the structure of cell membranes of the liver (for example, Essential Forte H).
     • Amino acids: Participate in metabolic processes in the liver (for example, ademetionine).
   • The mechanism of action: Hepatoprotectors protect the liver cells from damage, have an antioxidant effect, improve metabolic processes in the liver and contribute to its restoration.
   • Indications: Chronic liver diseases, hepatitis, fatty hepatosis, toxic liver lesions (alcohol, medicine).
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance.
   • Examples: Hepaben (milk thistle), Karsil (milk thistle), Essential Fort N (essential phospholipids), phosphogliv (essential phospholipids + glycyrisic acid).

7. Plant remedies to normalize intestinal motility:

   • Appointment: Improve intestinal motility and facilitate constipation.
   • Types:
     • Laxatives that increase the volume of feces: They contain fiber, which increases the volume of feces and stimulates peristalsis (for example, psillium, flax seeds).
     • Stimulating laxatives: They stimulate the contraction of the intestinal muscles (for example, Senna, Krushin).
     • Osmotic laxatives: They attract water into the intestines, softening feces (for example, magnesium sulfate, macrogol).
     • Windrogen means: Reduce gas formation in the intestines (for example, fennel, dill, chamomile).
   • The mechanism of action: Various plant products have different action mechanisms. Fiber increases the volume of feces, stimulating laxatives stimulate the contraction of the intestinal muscles, the osmotic laxatives attract water into the intestines, and the windbogs reduce gas formation.
   • Indications: Constipation, bloating, irritable intestine (SRK).
   • Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, acute inflammatory intestinal diseases, pregnancy (some products).
   • Examples: Fitolax (Senna, Apricot), Mucofalk (Psillium), Espumisan (Simetikon is not vegetable, but popular), Plantex (Fenhel).

8. Other digestion dietary supplements:

   • L-glutamine: Amino acid, which is the main source of energy for intestinal cells. It helps to restore the intestinal mucosa and improve its barrier function.
   • Betaine HCL Betaine): Increases the acidity of gastric juice, improving the digestion of proteins.
   • Delycyrized Lacrice extract (DGL): Protects the mucous membrane of the stomach from irritation and promotes healing of ulcers.
   • Curcumin: It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can be useful for inflammatory intestinal diseases.
   • Aloe Vera: It has a laxative and anti -inflammatory effect.
   • Calcium: It is necessary for the normal operation of digestive enzymes. Calcium deficiency can lead to digestive problems.
   • Magnesium: Participates in the regulation of intestinal motility and can help with constipation.

Section 3: Rules for choosing and using dietary supplements

1. Consultation with a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor will help determine the cause of digestive problems and choose the most suitable dietary supplement. Consultation with a doctor is especially important in the presence of chronic diseases or when taking other drugs.

2. Determining the cause of digestive problems: It is important to find out the cause of digestive problems before starting to take dietary supplements. For example, with intolerance to lactose, dietary supplement with lactose will be useful, and with a constipation caused by a lack of fiber, a dietary supplement with fiber.

3. Choosing a quality product: Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers with a good reputation. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and the results of clinical research.

4. Study of the composition: Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement before buying. Make sure that there are no ingredients that you may have an allergy to the composition.

5. Compliance with the dosage and recommendations for use: Strictly observe the dosage and recommendations for the use specified on the package of the dietary supplement. Do not exceed the recommended dose.

6. Accounting for individual characteristics: Consider your individual characteristics when choosing dietary supplements. For example, pregnant and lactating women need to be especially carefully approaching the choice of dietary supplements and be sure to consult a doctor.

7. Interaction with other drugs: Consider the possible interaction of dietary supplements with other medicines that you take. Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs.

8. Curs ahead: Most dietary supplements are recommended to be taken in courses. The duration of the course depends on the type of dietary supplement and the individual characteristics of the body.

9. Evaluation of effectiveness: Evaluate the effectiveness of Bad after the end of the reception course. If improvement is not observed, you must consult a doctor for further examination.

10. A combination with other digestive support methods: Bades are most effective in combination with other methods of digestive support, such as proper nutrition, sufficient physical activity and stress management.

Section 4: Nutrition for healthy digestion

1. Fiber: Increase fiber consumption. Fiber is found in vegetables, fruits, whole grain products and legumes. It is recommended to use at least 25-30 grams of fiber per day.

2. Water: Drink enough water. Water is necessary for normal digestion and prevention of constipation. It is recommended to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day.

3. Products rich in probiotics: Include in the diet products rich in probiotics, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchi.

4. Restriction of processed products: Limit the consumption of processed products, sugar and fatty foods. These products can negatively affect digestion and health of the intestinal microbiots.

5. Regular nutrition: Eat regularly at the same time. Regular nutrition helps to maintain normal intestinal motility.

6. Thorough chewing: Chew food thoroughly. Careful chewing facilitates the functioning of the stomach and improves digestion.

7. Avoid overeating: Avoid overeating. Overflow can cause dyspepsia and bloating.

8. Limiting carbonated drinks: Limit the consumption of carbonated drinks. Carbonated drinks can cause bloating.

9. Limiting caffeine and alcohol: Limit the consumption of caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine and alcohol can irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa.

10. Identification and exclusion of food triggers: If you have food intolerance or allergies, identify and exclude products that cause digestive problems.

Section 5: Additional tips for maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract

1. Regular physical activity: Regular physical activity improves intestinal motility and contributes to normal digestion.

2. Stress management: Manage stress. Stress can negatively affect digestion. Use relaxation methods such as yoga, meditation or breathing exercises.

3. Refusal of smoking: Refuse smoking. Smoking irritates the gastrointestinal mucosa and worsens digestion.

4. Healthy sleep: Provide yourself a healthy sleep. The lack of sleep can negatively affect digestion.

5. Regular medical examinations: Pass regular medical examinations. Regular examinations allow you to identify digestive problems at an early stage.

6. Avoid self -medication: Avoid self -medication. If you have problems with digestion, consult a doctor.

7. Maintaining a healthy weight: Maintain healthy weight. Obesity can lead to various digestive problems, such as heartburn and constipation.

8. Avoid prolonged reception of NSAIDs: Avoid prolonged use of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs can irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and lead to ulcers.

9. Travel and digestion: When traveling, be careful with food and water. Do not use unwashed fruits and vegetables, as well as water from unreliable sources.

10. Attention to the state of its digestive tract: Be attentive to the state of your digestive tract. Pay attention to any changes in the frequency and consistency of the stool, as well as to the appearance of pain in the abdomen or other symptoms.

Section 6: Diet for digestion in children

1. Features of digestion in children: The digestive system of children is in development and differs from the digestive system of adults. In children below, the acidity of gastric juice and less the production of digestive enzymes. The intestinal microbiota of children also differs from adult microbiots.

2. The main problems with digestion in children:

   • What: Babies abdominal pain, manifested by crying and anxiety.
   • Constipation: Difficult or rare intestinal emptying.
   • Diarrhea: Farm and liquid chair.
   • Bloating: Excessive gases in the intestines.
   • Dysbiosis: Violation of the balance of intestinal microbiots.

3. Bad for children: General recommendations:

   • Before using any dietary supplements, you need to consult a pediatrician.
   • Choose dietary supplements specially designed for children.
   • Follow the dosage recommended by the pediatrician or indicated on the pack of dietary supplements.
   • Carefully follow the reaction of the child to dietary supplements.

4. Probiotics for children: Probiotics can be useful for children with colic, diarrhea, constipation and dysbiosis. Choose probiotics containing bacteria strains that have proved their effectiveness in children, such as Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium Infantis.

5. Prebiotics for children: Prebiotics can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines of children. Inulin and fruitoligosaccharides (phos) are safe and effective prebiotics for children.

6. Enzymes for children: Enzymes can be useful for children with insufficient production of digestive enzymes. However, the use of enzymes in children requires special caution and must be agreed with the pediatrician.

7. Plant remedies for children: Some plant agents, such as fennel and dill, can help reduce gas formation in children.

8. Sorbents for children: Sorbents can be used to treat diarrhea and poisoning in children. However, the use of sorbents in children requires caution and must be agreed with the pediatrician.

9. Nutrition for healthy digestion in children:

   • Breastfeeding is the best way for babies for babies.
   • Introduce complementary foods gradually, starting with small quantities.
   • Offer the child a variety of foods rich in fiber.
   • Limit the consumption of sweet drinks and processed products.
   • Provide the child with sufficient water consumption.

10. The importance of consulting with a pediatrician: Emphasize the importance of consulting with a pediatrician before using any dietary supplements in children. The pediatrician will help determine the cause of digestive problems and choose the most suitable dietary supplement, and will also give recommendations for nutrition and lifestyle.

Section 7: Review of popular diets for digestion in the Russian market

(In this section, it is necessary to give a detailed review of popular dietary supplements for digestion available in the Russian market. For each dietary supplement, it is necessary to indicate the composition, indications, contraindications, method of use, dosage, manufacturer, price and reviews of consumers. It is important to note that the information about dietary supplements should be taken from official springs and be objective.)

• Examples of dietary supplements for review:
  • Lineks
  • Biforn
  • Ajypol
  • Enterol
  • Normobakt l
  • Biogatio
  • Dufalak
  • Enterosgel
  • Polysorb
  • Smecta
  • Phytolax
  • Mucofalk
  • Espumizan
  • Plantex
  • Mezim Forte
  • Creon
  • Pancreatin

(This section must be thoroughly filled out by providing the maximum of useful information about each diet. It is important to indicate that the information is provided for familiarization and is not a guide to action. Before using any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.)

Section 8: FAQ (frequently asked questions)

(In this section, it is necessary to bring answers to frequently asked questions about dietary supplements for digestion. The questions should be relevant and cover the main aspects of the use of dietary supplements.)

• Examples of questions:
  • How do dietary supplements differ from drugs?
  • Can dietary supplements replace medicines in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases?
  • How to choose the right dietary supplement for digestion?
  • What dietary supplements can be taken with constipation?
  • What dietary supplements can be taken with diarrhea?
  • What dietary supplements can be taken when bloating?
  • What dietary supplements can be given to children to improve digestion?
  • Can dietary supplements cause side effects?
  • How long can you take digestive dietary supplements?
  • Is it possible to take several dietary supplements at the same time?
  • Where is it better to buy dietary supplements?
  • How to check the quality of dietary supplements?
  • Is it possible to take dietary supplements for pregnant and nursing women?
  • What products are useful for digestion?
  • How to improve a microbiota