Solgar Selenium: Protection against free radicals

Solgar Selenium: Protection against Free Radicals – 100,000 -Word Deep Dive

I. Selene: Fundamentals and Health Value

1. Determination and chemical properties: Selenium (SE) is a chemical element, non -metall belonging to the Chalcogen group. In the periodic table, Mendeleev takes place under oxygen and gray. It exists in various allotropic forms, including gray (metal), red and black. Gray selenium is the most stable and bio -access form. It shows semiconductor properties and photosensitivity, which makes it useful in electronics, but its main significance lies in its biological role. At the atomic level, selenium demonstrates the ability to covalent binding, like Sere, but with slightly different characteristics, which allows him to integrate into the molecules of proteins and enzymes.

2. History of discovery and research: Selenium was opened in 1817 by Jens Jacob Bertzelius, a Swedish chemist. He allocated it from the remnants obtained during the production of sulfuric acid in the factory in the CRCHOLMENME. Initially, selenium was considered a toxic element that causes health problems in animals that eat plants grown on soils with a high selenium content. However, in 1957, Klaus Schwartz and Folker found that selenium is a necessary nutrient for the prevention of liver necrosis in rats, which opened vitamin E. This discovery turned over the idea of selenium and laid the foundation for large -scale research of his role in biological processes and the prevention of various diseases. Further studies revealed its antioxidant properties and participation in the functioning of the thyroid gland.

3. Selena metabolism in the body: Selenium enters the body with food and water. Selena absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine. The bioavailability of selenium depends on its chemical form. Seleenomeininin, contained in food products of plant origin, is absorbed more effectively than the selenite contained in some nutritional supplements. After absorption, selenium is transported in the blood, mainly in the composition of selenoproteins, such as selenoprotein P. It accumulates in various tissues of the body, including liver, kidneys, thyroid gland and muscles. Selenium excretion occurs mainly with urine, as well as feces and breathing. The regulation of selenium metabolism is complex and depends on its level in the body, the form of selenium and the physiological state of the body.

4. The main functions of selenium in the body: Selenium performs a number of vital functions in the human body:

   • Antioxidant Protection: Selenium is a key component of glutathioneperoxidase (GPX), a family of enzymes that play a central role in antioxidant cell protection. GPX catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic hydraxides to water and alcohols, respectively, thereby preventing the oxidative damage to the cells.

   • Thyroid function: Selenium is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland. It is a coffee shop of Deodinas, enzymes that turn thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3), an active form of thyroid hormone. Selena deficiency can lead to a violation of the thyroid function and the development of hypothyroidism.

   • Immune function: Selenium plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. It affects the function of immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and NK cells, as well as on the products of cytokines. Selenium deficiency can weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to infections.

   • Reproductive function: Selenium is important for the reproductive health of men and women. In men, it is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and mobility of sperm. In women, he plays a role in the process of ovulation and maintaining pregnancy.

   • Participation in other enzymatic reactions: Selenium is part of other selenoproteins involved in various metabolic processes, including DNA synthesis, cellular regulation and apoptosis.

5. Daily need for Selena: The recommended daily selenium consumption (RDA) for adults is 55 μg. During pregnancy and lactation, the need for Selena increases slightly, amounting to 60 μg and 70 μg, respectively. For children, the need for Selena varies depending on age. The upper permissible level of selenium consumption is 400 mcg per day. Exceeding this level can lead to the development of toxic effects.

6. Sources of Selena in nutrition: Selenium is contained in various food products, both plant and animal origin. The main sources of Selena include:

   • Brazilian nuts: Are one of the richest sources of Selena. In total, 1-2 nuts per day can provide a sufficient amount of selenium.

   • Seafood: Fish (tuna, cod, halve), mollusks (shrimp, oysters) and crabs contain a significant amount of selenium.

   • Meat: Beef, pork and chicken are good sources of Selena.

   • Eggs: Contain a moderate amount of selenium.

   • Grain products: Whole grain products, such as brown rice, oats and barley, contain selenium. However, the content of selenium in grain products depends on the content of selenium in the soil on which they were grown.

   • Sunflower seeds: Are a good source of selenium.

   • Garlic: Contains selenium.

   • Mushrooms: Some species of mushrooms, such as Shiitake and champignons, contain selenium.

7. Selena’s deficiency: causes and consequences: Selena’s deficiency is relatively rare in developed countries, where people have access to a variety of nutrition. However, in some regions of the world, where soils are poor selenium, Selena’s deficiency is a serious problem. The causes of selenium deficiency include:

   • Low selenium content in the soil: Certain regions of the world, such as some parts of China, Europe and New Zealand, have soils with a low selenium content.

   • Insufficient consumption of selenium with food: People who adhere to limited diets or suffering from violations of absorption may experience selenium deficiency.

   • Some diseases: Some diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and cystic fibrosis, may disrupt selenium absorption.

   • Heavy metals: The influence of heavy metals, such as mercury and cadmium, can reduce selenium assimilation.

   The consequences of selenium deficiency include:

   • Keshan disease: Endemic cardiomyopathy, characterized by an increase in the heart and heart failure. Most often found in children and young women in the regions of China with a low content of selenium in the soil.

   • Kashin-Bek disease: Chronic degenerative joint disease that affects children and adolescents in the regions of China, Siberia and North Korea with a low content of selenium in the soil.

   • Hypothyroidism: Selena deficiency can worsen the function of the thyroid gland and lead to the development of hypothyroidism.

   • Weakening of immunity: Selena deficiency can reduce the immune function and increase susceptibility to infections.

   • Increased risk of cancer development: Some studies show that selenium deficiency can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer.

8. Selena toxicity (selenosis): Although selenium is a necessary nutrient, its excessive consumption can lead to toxic effects known as selenosis. Selenosis most often occurs as a result of taking too high doses of selenic additives, and not due to excessive consumption of selenium with food. Symptoms of selenosis include:

   • Hair loss and fragility of nails: Are one of the most common symptoms of selenosis.

   • Fatigue: A feeling of fatigue and weakness.

   • Irritability: Increased irritability and mood swings.

   • Nausea and vomiting: Problems with digestion.

   • Garlicity smell from the mouth: A characteristic sign of selenosis.

   • Dermatitis: Skin rashes and itching.

   • Neurological disorders: In severe cases, selenosis can lead to neurological disorders such as tremor, muscle cramps and paralysis.

   Treatment of selenosis includes the cessation of selenic additives and, in severe cases, the use of helating agents connecting selenium and excreting it from the body.

II. Free radicals and oxidative stress

1. Determination of free radicals: Free radicals are unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron on the outer shell. This instability makes them highly reactive and capable of reaction with other molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids, damaging them. Free radicals are formed in the body as a result of normal metabolic processes, such as breathing and energy metabolism. They can also form under the influence of external factors, such as environmental pollution, ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke and ionizing radiation.

2. Mechanisms for the formation of free radicals: Free radicals are formed as a result of various processes:

   • Normal metabolism: In the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria, active forms of oxygen (AFK) are formed, such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH •).

   • Inflammation: In the process of inflammation, immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, produce AFC to destroy pathogens.

   • Environmental impact: Ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, tobacco smoke and ionizing radiation can cause the formation of free radicals.

   • Metabolism of drugs and toxins: Some drugs and toxins can stimulate the formation of free radicals.

   • Fenton reaction: Ions of iron (Fe2+) can catalyze the panton reaction in which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) turns into a hydroxyl radical (OH •), one of the most reactive and damaging free radicals.

3. Oxidizing stress: definition and reasons: Oxidative stress is a condition in which the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant protection is disturbed in the body. When the production of free radicals exceeds the body’s ability to neutralize them, oxidative stress occurs, leading to damage to cells and tissues. The causes of oxidative stress include:

   • Increased production of free radicals: The factors listed in the section on the mechanisms of the formation of free radicals can lead to an increase in their production.

   • Reducing antioxidant protection: Insufficient consumption of food antioxidants, genetic factors and some diseases can reduce the antioxidant protection of the body.

4. The effect of free radicals on cells and tissues: Free radicals can damage cells and tissues in various ways:

   • DNA damage: Free radicals can cause mutations in DNA, which can lead to cancer.

   • Lipid oxidation: Free radicals can oxidize lipids of cell membranes, causing their damage and functional. This process, known as lipid oxidation, is one of the main mechanisms of cell damage with oxidative stress.

   • Oxidation of proteins: Free radicals can oxidize proteins, changing their structure and function. Oxidized proteins can lose their activity or become toxic.

   • Mitochondria damage: Free radicals can damage mitochondria, which leads to a decrease in energy production and an increase in the formation of free radicals.

   • Activation of inflammatory processes: Free radicals can activate inflammatory processes, contributing to the development of chronic diseases.

5. Oxidizing stress and disease: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of many chronic diseases, including:

   • Cardiovascular diseases: Oxidative stress contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure.

   • Cancer: Oxidative stress can damage DNA and contribute to the development of cancer.

   • Neurodegenerative diseases: Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (BAS).

   • Diabetes: Oxidative stress contributes to the development of insulin resistance and complications of diabetes.

   • Inflammatory diseases: Oxidative stress exacerbates inflammatory processes for arthritis, inflammatory diseases of the intestine and other inflammatory diseases.

   • Aging: Oxidative stress is considered one of the main factors contributing to aging.

6. Antioxidant body system: The body has a complex antioxidant system that helps neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. The antioxidant system includes:

   • Enzymes: Glutathioneperoxidase (GPX), superoxidsmouth (SOD) and catalase are key antioxidant enzymes.

   • Low molecular weight antioxidants: Vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, glutation and coenzyme Q10 are important low molecular weight antioxidants.

   • Dietary antioxidants: Flavonoids, carotenoids and other phytochemicals contained in fruits, vegetables and other plant products have antioxidant properties.

7. The role of antioxidants in protection against free radicals: Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, giving them an electron without themselves becoming unstable. They help protect cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Various antioxidants work in different ways. Some antioxidants, such as vitamin C, are soluble in water and protect the water phase of cells. Other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, are soluble in fats and protect lipid membranes. The combination of various antioxidants provides more effective protection against free radicals.

III. Solgar Selenium: features and advantages

1. Selena shapes in the solar: Solgar offers selenium in various forms, each of which has its own characteristics of bioavailability and metabolism:

   • Selenomethumentin: This is an organic form of selenium contained in food products of plant origin. Seleenomeinine is well absorbed by the body and accumulates in proteins. Solgar offers selenometionine as one of the main forms of Selena in his additives.

   • Sodium selenite: This is the inorganic form of Selena. Sodium selenite is absorbed less effectively than selenometyonin. However, sodium selenite can be more effective in activating glutathioneperoxidase (GPX).

   • Sodium Selevenat: Another inorganic form of Selena. Sodium seats are also absorbed less effectively than selenometyinin.

   Solgar often uses selenometionine as a preferred form of selenium in his products due to its high bioavailability.

2. Advantages Use of Solgar Selenium: Using selenium additives Solgar has a number of advantages:

   • High quality: Solgar is a well -known producer of vitamins and additives with a good reputation. The company uses high -quality ingredients and complies with strict quality standards.

   • A variety of forms: Solgar offers selenium in various forms, which allows you to choose the most suitable option, depending on individual needs.

   • Convenience of dosage: Solgar selenic supplements are available in various dosages, which facilitates the selection of optimal dose.

   • Lack of artificial additives: Solgar seeks to produce products that do not contain artificial dyes, flavors and preservatives.

   • Vegetarian and vegan options: Solgar offers selenic supplements suitable for vegetarians and vegans.

3. The mechanism of action Solgar Selenium: antioxidant protection: The main mechanism of selenium action in the addition of Solgar is his participation in the antioxidant protection of the body. Selenium is a cofacor of glutathioneperoxidase (GPX), a key enzyme of the antioxidant system. The GPX catalyzes the reaction of the restoration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic hydraxides to water and alcohols, thereby preventing oxidative cell damage. The intake of selenic additives Solgar increases the level of selenium in the body and, therefore, increases GPX activity, which enhances the antioxidant protection of cells.

4. Solgar Selenium and thyroid health: Selenium is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland. It is a coffee shop of Deodinas, enzymes that turn thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3), an active form of thyroid hormone. Selena deficiency can lead to a violation of the thyroid function and the development of hypothyroidism. The intake of selenic additives Solgar can help maintain the normal function of the thyroid gland, especially in people with selenium deficiency.

5. Solgar Selenium and Immunnaya System: Selenium plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. It affects the function of immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and NK cells, as well as on the products of cytokines. Selenium deficiency can weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to infections. The intake of selenic additives Solgar can help strengthen the immune system, especially in people with selenium deficiency or with weakened immunity.

6. Solgar Selenium and reproductive health: Selenium is important for the reproductive health of men and women. In men, it is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and mobility of sperm. In women, he plays a role in the process of ovulation and maintaining pregnancy. Reception of selenic additives Solgar can improve reproductive health in men and women, especially in those who have problems with fertility.

7. Research on Solgar Selenium: Although studies are often focused on Selena as a whole, and not specifically on Solgar additives, numerous studies confirm the benefits of selenium for health. Since Solgar uses high -quality selenometerine, the results of studies showing the benefits of selenomethyonine are also applicable to Solgar products. Studies show that selenium can reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. It can also improve the function of the thyroid gland, immune function and reproductive health. It should be noted that additional studies are needed to confirm these results and determine the optimal dose of selenium for various population groups.

8. How to take Solgar Selene correctly: The dosage of selenic additives Solgar depends on the form of selenium, individual needs and recommendations of the doctor. As a rule, it is recommended to take 55-200 mcg selenium per day. It is important not to exceed the upper permissible level of selenium consumption, which is 400 mcg per day. Selenic additives should be taken during meals to improve their absorption. Before taking selenium additives, it is recommended to consult a doctor, especially if you have any diseases or you take other medicines.

9. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, selenic supplements Solgar are well tolerated. However, when the recommended dose is exceeded, side effects can occur, such as hair loss, fragility of nails, fatigue, irritability, nausea, vomiting and garlic odor from the mouth. Selenic additives are contraindicated to people with allergies to selenium. Caution should also be taken when taking selenic additives simultaneously with other drugs, such as anticoagulants and antiplatelets, since selenium can increase their effect.

10. The interaction of Solgar Selenium with other substances: Selenium can interact with other substances, including:

    • Vitamin E: Vitamin E and selenium have a synergistic antioxidant effect. The combination of these two substances can provide more effective protection against free radicals.

    • Iodine: Selenium is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland, which also requires iodine. Selena deficiency can aggravate the consequences of iodine deficiency.

    • Heavy metals: The influence of heavy metals, such as mercury and cadmium, can reduce selenium assimilation.

    • Anticoagulants and anti -agents: Selenium can enhance the effect of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, increasing the risk of bleeding.

    Before taking selenium additives, the doctor should be informed about all the drugs taken and additives.

11. Solgar Selenium: consumer reviews and expert opinions: Consumer reviews about selenic additives Solgar are mostly positive. Consumers note the high quality of products, the ease of dosage and effectiveness in maintaining the health of the thyroid gland, the immune system and reproductive health. Experts also recognize the benefits of selenium for health and recommend taking selenic additives to people with selenium deficiency or with an increased risk of developing diseases associated with oxidative stress. However, experts emphasize the importance of compliance with the recommended dose and consultation with the doctor before taking selenium additives.

12. Alternatives Solgar Selena: There are other manufacturers of selenic additives offering selenium in various forms and dosages. Some of the alternatives Solgar Selena include:

    • Now Foods Selenium: He offers selenium in the form of selenometyinine and sodium selenite.

    • Life Extension Super Selenium Complex: Contains a mixture of various forms of selenium, including selenometionine, sodium selenate and l-serenomeininin.

    • Thorne Research Selenium: He offers selenium in the form of selenomethyonin.

    The choice of the best alternative depends on individual needs and preferences.

13. Solgar Selenium: Accessibility and price: Selenic supplements Solgar are available in most pharmacies, healthy food stores and online stores. The price of selenic additives Solgar varies depending on the shape of selenium, dosage and the number of capsules in the package. In general, selenium supplements Solgar are a little more expensive than the additives of other manufacturers, but this is justified by the high quality of products and a good reputation of the brand.

14. Future research Selena and Solgar Selena: Future studies of Selena will be focused on the study of its role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases. Studies will also be conducted to determine the optimal dose of selenium for various groups of the population and to study the interaction of selenium with other nutrients. Solgar, probably, will continue to develop new products containing selenium, taking into account the latest scientific achievements.

IV. Practical application Solgar Selenium: Prevention and Health Support

1. Solgar Selenium to maintain health of the cardiovascular system: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps protect the cells from oxidative damage. Some studies show that taking selenic additives can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. For example, meta-analysis of several studies showed that selenium intake reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Solgar Selenium can be useful for people with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as people with high cholesterol, high blood pressure or family history of cardiovascular diseases.

2. Solgar Selenium for cancer prevention: Oxidative stress can damage DNA and contribute to the development of cancer. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps protect DNA from oxidative damage. Some studies show that taking selenic additives can reduce the risk of developing some types of cancer, such as prostate cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer. For example, the SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Tial) has shown that selenium intake reduces the risk of prostate cancer in men with low selenium in blood. However, other studies have not confirmed these results. Solgar Selenium can be useful for people with an increased risk of cancer, such as people with a family history of cancer or people who are exposed to carcinogens.

3. Solgar Selenium to maintain the health of the thyroid gland: Selenium is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland. It is a coffee shop of Deodinas, enzymes that turn thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3), an active form of thyroid hormone. Selena deficiency can lead to a violation of the thyroid function and the development of hypothyroidism. The intake of selenic additives of Solgar can help maintain the normal function of the thyroid gland, especially in people with selenium deficiency or with autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis. Some studies show that selenium intake can reduce the level of antibodies to thyroid gland in people with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

4. Solgar Selenium to strengthen the immune system: Selenium plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. It affects the function of immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and NK cells, as well as on the products of cytokines. Selenium deficiency can weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to infections. The reception of selenic additives Solgar can help strengthen the immune system, especially in people with selenium deficiency or with weakened immunity, such as elderly people, people with chronic diseases or people living with HIV/AIDS. Some studies show that selenium intake can reduce the risk of pneumonia in the elderly.

5. Solgar Selenium to maintain reproductive health: Selenium is important for the reproductive health of men and women. In men, it is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and mobility of sperm. In women, he plays a role in the process of ovulation and maintaining pregnancy. Selena deficiency can lead to infertility in men and women. Reception of selenic additives Solgar can improve reproductive health in men and women, especially in those who have problems with fertility. Some studies show that selenium intake can improve sperm quality in men with low selenium in blood.

6. Solgar Selenium to protect against neurodegenerative diseases: Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (BAS). Selenium is an antioxidant that helps to protect brain cells from oxidative damage. Some studies show that taking selenic additives can reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results. Solgar Selenium can be useful for people with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, such as people with a family history of neurodegenerative diseases or elderly people.

7. Solgar Selenium to maintain the health of the skin and hair: Selenium is an antioxidant that helps protect the skin and hair from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. It also participates in the synthesis of glutathione, an important antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Selena deficiency can lead to hair loss, fragility of nails and skin problems. The intake of selenic additives Solgar can help maintain the health of the skin and hair, especially in people with selenium deficiency.

8. Solgar Selenium for athletes: Athletes are subjected to increased oxidative stress due to intense physical exertion. Selenium is an antioxidant that can help protect muscle cells from oxidative damage. The reception of selenium additives Solgar can help athletes improve recovery after training, reduce inflammation and increase performance. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

9. Solgar Selenium for the elderly: Elderly people are more susceptible to oxidative stress and deficiency of selenium. The intake of selenium additives can help older people strengthen the immune system, support the function of thyroid gland, protect against neurodegenerative diseases and improve the general health of health.

10. Solgar Selenium and pregnancy: During pregnancy, the need for Selena increases. Selenium is important for the normal development of the fetus, especially for the development of the brain and thyroid gland. Reception of selenic additives Solgar can be useful for pregnant women, especially for those who experience selenium deficiency. However, before taking selenium additives during pregnancy, you need to consult a doctor.

V. The choice of the right product Solgar Selena: Guide for consumers

1. Analysis of various products Solgar Selenium: Solgar offers several products containing selenium in different forms and dosages. It is important to carefully study these products in order to choose the most suitable for your individual needs. Pay attention to the following factors:

   • Selenium form: As mentioned earlier, Solgar uses selenometionine, sodium selenite and sodium selenate. Seleenomeininin is usually considered more bio -access.
   • Dosage: The dosage of Selena varies from product to product. Make sure that the selected dosage corresponds to your needs and recommendations of the doctor.
   • Other ingredients: Some Solgar Sellen products contain other ingredients, such as vitamin E, which can synergically enhance the effect of selenium.
   • Output form: Solgar Selenium is available in the form of capsules and tablets. Choose a form that is most convenient for you.

2. ** Definition of individual needs for Selena