Dietary supplements for immunity: strengthen body protection

Dietary supplements for immunity: strengthen body protection

Section 1: The immune system – the basis of health

1. What is immunity?

   Immunity is a complex system of protecting the body from various threats: pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), toxins mutating cells and other foreign substances. This is not just one organ or function, but a whole network of cells, tissues and organs working in agreement to maintain health.

2. Types of immunity:

   • Inborn immunity (natural): The first line of defense, which provides immediate, but non -specific protection. It includes physical barriers (leather, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (stomach acidity, enzymes), cell components (phagocytes, NK cells) and inflammatory reactions. Congenital immunity does not have a “memory” and reacts equally to all threats.

   • Acquired immunity (adaptive): It develops over time in response to the influence of certain antigens (foreign substances). It has high specificity and forms “immunological memory”, which allows the body to more effectively respond to repeated meetings with the same antigen. The acquired immunity is divided into:

     • Humoral immunity: Mediated by b-lymphocytes that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins), specifically associated with antigens and neutralize them.
     • Cellular immunity: Intaired by T-lymphocytes, which directly destroy infected cells or regulate the immune response. Distinguish T-highpers (help b-lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (kill infected cells).

3. The organs of the immune system:

   • Bone marrow: The formation of all blood cells, including immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, etc.).

   • Timus (thymus iron): The organ where T-lymphocytes ripen.

   • Lymphatic nodes: The lymph is filtered, delaying antigens and activating immune cells.

   • Spleen: He filters blood, removing old and damaged cells, and also participates in immune reactions.

   • Tonsils and adenoids: Protect the upper respiratory tract from infections.

   • Payerovs of plaques (in the small intestine): Participate in the immune response in the intestines.

   • Appendix: Contains lymphoid tissue and can play a role in maintaining intestinal immunity.

4. Factors affecting immunity:

   • Age: The immune system of newborn and elderly people is less effective.

   • Genetics: A genetic predisposition can affect susceptibility to certain diseases.

   • Nutrition: The lack of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins) weakens the immune system.

   • Stress: Chronic stress suppresses the immune function.

   • Dream: The lack of sleep violates the operation of the immune system.

   • Physical activity: Moderate physical activity strengthens the immunity, and excessive loads can weaken it.

   • Environment: The effects of toxins, air pollution and radiation negatively affect immunity.

   • Chronic diseases: Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and other chronic diseases can weaken immunity.

   • Medicines: Some drugs (for example, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) suppress the immune system.

Section 2: Signs of weakened immunity

1. Frequent colds and infections: If you are sick with colds (SARS, influenza) more often 3-4 times a year, this may be a sign of weakened immunity. You should also pay attention to the long course of the disease and the tendency to complications.

2. Chronic fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness, not passing after rest, may be associated with impaired operation of the immune system.

3. Slow wound healing: If wounds, cuts and abrasions heal more slowly than usual, this may indicate the failure of immune cells involved in the process of tissue regeneration.

4. Frequent exacerbations of chronic diseases: If you have chronic diseases (for example, herpes, candidiasis), and they often exacerbate, this can be a sign of weakened immunity.

5. Digestive problems: Diarya, constipation, bloating and other problems with digestion can be associated with a violation of the balance of intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity.

6. Allergic reactions: Strengthening allergic reactions or the appearance of new allergies may indicate an imbalance in the immune system.

7. Skin rashes: Frequent skin rashes, eczema, dermatitis and other skin problems can be associated with impaired operation of the immune system.

8. Joint pain and muscles: Inexplicable joint pains and muscles can be a sign of autoimmune processes associated with impaired regulation of the immune system.

9. Frequent headaches: Frequent headaches, especially in combination with other symptoms of weakened immunity, can be a sign of chronic infection or inflammation.

10. Increased lymph nodes: An increase in lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits or groin, can be a sign of infection or inflammation that requires attention.

Section 3: The role of dietary supplements in strengthening immunity

1. What are dietary supplements?

   Biologically active food additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or natural biologically active substances that are intended for direct intake or introduction into food products in order to enrich the diet with individual food or biologically active substances or their complexes. Bades are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They are used to maintain health, prevention of diseases and improve the quality of life.

2. Dietary supplements for immunity:

   Bades can strengthen immunity in various ways:

   • Providing the body with the necessary nutrients: Many dietary supplements contain vitamins, minerals and other nutrients necessary for the normal functioning of the immune system.

   • Antioxidant Protection: Some dietary supplements contain antioxidants that protect the cells from damage by free radicals formed in the process of inflammation and infection.

   • Modulation of the immune response: Some dietary supplements can modulate the immune response, enhancing it in case of weakening and weakening in case of excessive activity (for example, with autoimmune diseases).

   • Support for intestinal microflora: Some dietary supplements contain probiotics and prebiotics that improve the balance of intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity.

   • Anti -inflammatory action: Some dietary supplements have an anti -inflammatory effect, which helps reduce inflammation in the body and strengthen immunity.

3. It is important to remember:

   • Dietary supplements do not replace good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

   • Before taking dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have chronic diseases or you take medications.

   • Choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers with a good reputation.

   • Pay attention to the composition of dietary supplements, dosage and contraindications.

   • Do not exceed the recommended dosage of dietary supplements.

   • Follow the body’s reaction to dietary supplements and stop taking it if there are undesirable side effects.

Section 4: The main components of dietary supplements for immunity and their action

1. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):

   • Action: A powerful antioxidant protects cells from damage by free radicals. Participates in the synthesis of collagen necessary for the health of the skin and mucous membranes, which are barriers to infections. It stimulates the function of immune cells, such as phagocytes and lymphocytes. Improves the absorption of iron.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of colds, strengthening immunity, protection against oxidative stress.

   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose for adults is 75-90 mg. During colds, the dose can be increased to 500-1000 mg per day, but no more.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, thrombophlebitis, tendency to thrombosis, diabetes (large doses).

2. Vitamin D (cholegalciferol):

   • Action: It regulates the immune response, activates immune cells, is involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to infections.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency, strengthening immunity, prevention of osteoporosis.

   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose for adults is 600-800 IU. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe higher doses.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D, renal failure.

3. Zinc:

   • Action: It is necessary for the normal functioning of immune cells, participates in the synthesis of antibodies, has antiviral activity. Zinc deficiency weakens immunity and increases the risk of infections.

   • Indications: Strengthening immunity, prevention and treatment of colds, acceleration of wound healing.

   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose for adults is 8-11 mg.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, renal failure.

4. Selenium:

   • Action: Antioxidant, protects the cells from damage by free radicals. Participates in the regulation of the immune response, stimulates the activity of immune cells.

   • Indications: Strengthening immunity, protection against oxidative stress, prevention of cancer.

   • Dosage: The recommended daily dose for adults is 55 μg.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, selenosis (excess selenium).

5. SOUTINATEA:

   • Action: It stimulates the immune system, increases the activity of phagocytes, has antiviral and antibacterial activity.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of colds, strengthening immunity.

   • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, autoimmune diseases, progressive systemic diseases (tuberculosis, leukemia, collagenosis), pregnancy, lactation.

6. Propolis:

   • Action: It has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti -inflammatory effects. Stimulates the immune system.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of colds, strengthening immunity, wound healing.

   • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance to beekeeping products, allergic reactions.

7. Garlic:

   • Action: It has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. Stimulates the immune system.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of colds, strengthening immunity.

   • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the exacerbation stage, pregnancy, lactation.

8. Ginger:

   • Action: It has anti -inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating effects.

   • Indications: Prevention and treatment of colds, strengthening immunity, relief of pain and inflammation.

   • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the exacerbation stage, pregnancy (with caution), lactation (with caution).

9. Probiotics:

   • Action: Improve the balance of intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity. They stimulate antibodies, strengthen the barrier function of the intestine.

   • Indications: Strengthening immunity, prevention and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis, and improving digestion.

   • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, acute intestinal infections.

10. Beta-glucan:

    • Action: They stimulate the immune system, increase the activity of phagocytes, have antitumor activity.

    • Indications: Strengthening immunity, prevention and treatment of colds, support for immunity in cancer.

    • Dosage: Follow the instructions on the packaging.

    • Contraindications: Individual intolerance, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, lactation.

Section 5: How to choose a dietary supplement for immunity?

1. Determine the purpose of admission of dietary supplements:

   • For the prevention of colds in the autumn-winter period, dietary supplements with vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and echinacea are suitable.

   • To strengthen immunity after an illness or taking antibiotics, dietary supplements with probiotics, group B vitamins, antioxidants are suitable.

   • To support immunity in chronic diseases, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will select dietary supplements corresponding to your health status.

2. Study the composition of dietary supplements:

   • Pay attention to the concentration of active substances.

   • Make sure that there are no harmful additives and allergens in the composition.

   • Choose dietary supplements with natural components.

3. Choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers:

   • Find out the reputation of the manufacturer.

   • Check the availability of quality certificates.

   • Read customer reviews.

4. Consult a doctor:

   • Before taking dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have chronic diseases or you take medications.

   • The doctor will help you choose dietary supplements corresponding to your needs and health, and will also determine the optimal dosage.

5. Pay attention to the form of prison release:

   • Bades are available in various forms: tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, drops.

   • Choose the release form that is most convenient for you.

6. Consider the contraindications and side effects:

   • Before using dietary supplements, you must carefully read the instructions and contraindications.

   • Follow the body’s reaction to dietary supplements and stop taking it if there are undesirable side effects.

7. Do not wait for an instant result:

   • Bades are not drugs and do not have an instant effect.

   • To achieve the effect, it is necessary to take a dietary supplement with a course for several weeks or months.

Section 6: Alternative ways to strengthen immunity

1. Healthy nutrition:

   • Use a variety of products rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants: fruits, vegetables, berries, herbs, whole grain products, legumes, nuts, seeds.

   • Limit the consumption of processed products, fast food, sugar and trans fats.

   • Drink enough water (at least 1.5-2 liters per day).

   • Include products rich in probiotics in the diet: yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut.

2. Regular physical activity:

   • Take a moderate physical activity of at least 30 minutes a day.

   • Choose the types of activity that you like: walking, running, swimming, yoga, dancing.

   • Avoid excessive physical exertion that can weaken the immune system.

3. Healthy sleep:

   • Sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.

   • Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time.

   • Create comfortable sleeping conditions: silence, darkness, coolness.

4. Stress management:

   • Avoid stressful situations.

   • Engage in relaxation techniques: meditation, yoga, breathing exercises.

   • Find a hobby that brings you pleasure.

   • Spend time with loved ones.

5. Refusal of bad habits:

   • Do not smoke.

   • Limit alcohol consumption.

   • Avoid drug use.

6. Regular medical examinations:

   • Visit a doctor for preventive examinations.

   • Timely treat chronic diseases.

   • Make vaccinations from infectious diseases.

7. Hygiene:

   • Wash your hands with soap often.

   • Avoid touching your face with dirty hands.

   • Improver the room.

   • Remove in the house.

Section 7: Dad for immunity: Review of popular brands and products

(This section would contain specific information about popular brands and products, providing details on their ingredients, dosages, benefits, and potential drawbacks. This information requires continuous updating as new products enter the market and existing formulations change. Examples of elements to consider for each product include:)

• Brand Name: (Example: Solgar)
• Product Name: (Example: Vitamin C 1000 mg)
• Ingredients: (Detailed list, including dosages)
• Form: (Tablets, capsules, etc.)
• Dosage: (Recommended dosage)
• Benefits: (Claimed benefits, supported by research if possible)
• Potential Drawbacks: (Possible side effects, interactions, contraindications)
• Price Range: (Approximate price)
• Where to Buy: (Available retailers)
• User Reviews: (Summary of common user experiences)
• Expert Opinion: (What medical professionals/nutritionists say)

(This detailed information would be repeated for several popular brands and products, allowing for a comparative analysis. Example brands to potentially include: Evalar, Doppelherz, Now Foods, Thorne Research, Life Extension, Nature’s Bounty, and others readily available in the target market.)

Section 8: questions and answers about dietary supplements for immunity

1. Dietary dietary supplements replace medicines?

   No, dietary supplements do not replace medicines. They are used to maintain health, prevention of diseases and improve the quality of life. If you have a disease, you need to consult a doctor and follow his recommendations.

2. Is it possible to take dietary supplements for pregnant and nursing women?

   Before taking dietary supplements, pregnant and nursing women need to consult a doctor. Some dietary supplements may be contraindicated in this period.

3. How long can you take dietary supplements?

   The duration of the reception of dietary supplements depends on the specific product and the goals of the reception. In most cases, it is recommended to take dietary supplement in the course for several weeks or months. Before a long reception, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

4. Can dietary supplements cause side effects?

   Bades can cause side effects, especially with an overdose or individual intolerance. Before using dietary supplements, you must carefully read the instructions and contraindications. If unwanted side effects occur, it is necessary to stop taking dietary supplements and consult a doctor.

5. How to store dietary supplements?

   Bades must be stored in dry, cool and inaccessible place for children. Follow the storage instructions indicated on the packaging.

6. What vitamins are best for immunity?

   Vitamins C, D, A, E, and B vitamins play an important role in maintaining the immune system.

7. Is it worth taking dietary supplements for the prevention of colds?

   Reception of dietary supplements for the prevention of colds can be useful, especially in the autumn-winter period. It is recommended to consult a doctor to select optimal dietary supplements.

8. What are adaptogens and how do they affect immunity?

   Adaptogens are substances that help the body adapt to stress and increase resistance to adverse environmental factors. Some adaptogens (for example, ginseng, Eleutherococcus) can strengthen the immune system.

9. How do probiotics affect immunity?

   Probiotics improve the balance of intestinal microflora, which plays an important role in immunity. They stimulate the production of antibodies, strengthen the barrier function of the intestine and suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

10. Where is it better to buy dietary supplements?

    It is better to buy dietary supplements in pharmacies, specialized healthy food stores or from trusted online seller. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and the reputation of the seller.

Section 9: Scientific research and dietary supplement for immunity

(This section should provide specific references to scientific studies that support or refute the claims made about specific BАDs and their effects on the immune system. This section requires ongoing research and updating as new studies are published. Examples include:)

• Vitamin C and the Common Cold: Discuss studies like those published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that analyze the efficacy of Vitamin C in preventing or treating the common cold. Analyze the findings critically, noting limitations and conflicting results.

• Vitamin D and Immune Function: Cite studies that explore the link between Vitamin D deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections, such as those published in the Journal of Investigative Medicine. Discuss the mechanisms by which Vitamin D influences immune cell function.

• Zinc and Immune Response: Reference studies that investigate the role of zinc in immune cell development and function, such as those published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Discuss the potential benefits of zinc supplementation for specific populations.

• Echinacea and Upper Respiratory Infections: Analyze meta-analyses of clinical trials examining the efficacy of Echinacea for preventing or treating upper respiratory infections, paying attention to variations in Echinacea species, dosage, and study design.

• Probiotics and Immune Modulation: Discuss research exploring the impact of specific probiotic strains on immune cell activity and gut barrier function, referencing studies published in journals like Gut or Beneficial Microbes.

(This section should critically evaluate the scientific evidence for each major BАD ingredient, providing a balanced perspective on its potential benefits and limitations. It’s crucial to avoid making unsubstantiated claims and to acknowledge the need for further research in many areas.)

Section 10: Legal aspects and regulation of dietary supplements in Russia

1. Bad legislation:

   In Russia, the production and turnover of Bad is regulated by the Federal Law of 02.01.2000 No. 29-ФЗ “On the quality and safety of food products” and other regulatory acts, including:

   • Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011 “On food safety”.
   • By the decision of the Customs Union Commission dated 04.04.2011 No. 630 “On the approval of unified sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary and epidemiological surveillance (control).”

2. Bad registration:

   Before issuing in Russia, dietary supplements are subject to state registration in the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Blessing (Rospotrebnadzor). The registration procedure includes an examination of documents, assessment of safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements, as well as the issuance of a certificate of state registration.

3. Bad Requirements for Marking:

   The marking of dietary supplements should contain the following information:

   • Name of dietary supplements.
   • Composition.
   • Food value information.
   • Recommendations for use.
   • Contraindications.
   • Best before date.
   • Storage conditions.
   • Information about the manufacturer.
   • The number of the certificate of state registration.

   On the label of dietary supplements there should be an inscription: “It is not a medicinal product.”

4. Control over the back of the dietary supplement:

   Rospotrebnadzor monitors the turnover of dietary supplements in Russia. In case of violations of the legislation on dietary supplements, administrative measures are taken, including suspension of the sale of products.

5. Responsibility for violation of bd legislation:

   For violation of the legislation on dietary supplements, administrative liability is provided in accordance with the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses (Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

6. Consumer rights when buying dietary supplements:

   Consumers are entitled to receive complete and reliable information about dietary supplements, as well as to protect their rights in case of acquisition of poor -quality products.

7. It is important to know:

   • Buy dietary supplements only in pharmacies or specialized stores.
   • Pay attention to the availability of a certificate of state registration.
   • Carefully study the marking of dietary supplements.
   • Do not buy dietary supplements if you have doubts about their quality or safety.
   • If questions arise, contact Rospotrebnadzor.