The whole truth about dietary supplement: risks and consequences for the body
I. What are dietary supplements: definition and classification
Bades, or biologically active food supplements, are concentrated sources of biologically active substances designed for eating along with food or as part of food. They are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. Their goal is to replenish the deficiency of nutrients, support the normal function of organs and systems, and increase the body’s resistance to adverse environmental factors.
1.1. DBD determination in accordance with the law
In different countries, the definition of dietary supplements may vary slightly, but the key features remain unchanged:
- Additional source of nutrients: Bades contain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, plant extracts and other components that can be useful for the body.
- Are not a cure: Bades are not intended for diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases.
- They are used with food: Bades are designed to supplement the diet, and not to replace it.
- Output form: Bades are produced in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, liquids, bars, etc.
1.2. Classification of dietary supplements
Bad can be classified according to various criteria, including the composition, origin, mechanism of action and purpose.
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By composition:
- Vitamin-mineral complexes: Contain vitamins and minerals in various combinations and dosages.
- Amino acid complexes: Contain amino acids necessary for the construction of proteins and other important substances in the body.
- Fatty acids: Contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, which are important for the health of the heart, brain and other organs.
- Probiotics and prebiotics: Contain live microorganisms (probiotics) or substances that contribute to the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines (prebiotics).
- Plant extracts: Contain extracts from various plants that have various useful properties.
- Bades based on beekeeping products: Contain propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen and other beekeeping products.
- Mushroom -based dietary supplements: Contain extracts of various fungi with immunomodulating and other useful properties.
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By origin:
- Plant dietary supplements: Contain plant ingredients.
- Animal dietary supplements: Contain animal ingredients.
- Mineral dietary supplements: Contain minerals.
- Synthetic dietary supplements: Contain synthetically obtained substances.
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By the mechanism of action:
- Antioxidants: Protect cells from damage by free radicals.
- Immunomodulator: Support and strengthen the immune system.
- Adaptogens: Increase the body’s resistance to stress and adverse environmental factors.
- Hepatoprotectors: Protect and support the liver function.
- Probiotics and prebiotics: Improve intestinal microflora and digestion.
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By purpose:
- Bades to strengthen immunity: Contain vitamins, minerals and plant extracts that support the immune system.
- Bad for the health of the heart and blood vessels: Contain omega-3 fatty acids, Q10 coenzyme and other substances that are useful for the heart and blood vessels.
- Dietary dietary supplements: Contain glucosamine, chondroitin and other substances that support joint health.
- Bades to improve digestion: Contain probiotics, prebiotics and enzymes that improve digestion.
- Dietary diets for weight loss: Contain substances that help reduce appetite and accelerate metabolism (require special caution and consultation with a doctor).
- Bades to increase energy and tone: Contain adaptogens, B vitamins and other substances that increase energy and tone.
- Bad for the beauty of the skin, hair and nails: Contain vitamins, minerals and other substances necessary for the health of the skin, hair and nails.
II. Bad regulation: legislation and quality control
The regulation of dietary supplements is a complex and multifaceted issue, since they occupy an intermediate position between food and drugs. In different countries, there are various approaches to the regulation of dietary supplements, but the general goal is to ensure the safety and quality of products for consumers.
2.1. Dietary Bad Legislation in Russia
In Russia, the regulation of dietary supplements is carried out by the Federal Law of 02.01.2000 No. 29-ФЗ “On the quality and safety of food products” and the technical regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011 “On food safety”. These documents establish requirements for the production, turnover and labeling of dietary supplements.
- State registration: Before entering sale, all dietary supplements must undergo state registration in Rospotrebnadzor. In the process of registration, the composition, safety and compliance of products with the established requirements are checked.
- Production requirements: The production of dietary supplements must comply with the requirements of sanitary norms and rules.
- Marking requirements: The marking of dietary supplements should contain complete and reliable information about the product, including composition, food value, storage conditions, contraindications and recommendations on use.
- Quality control: Rospotrebnadzor carries out quality control of dietary supplements at all stages of production and turnover.
2.2. Problems of dietary supplement regulation
Despite the existing legislation, the regulation of dietary supplements remains a difficult task. There are a number of problems that must be taken into account:
- Lack of clear definition: The blurry definition of dietary supplements allows unscrupulous manufacturers to produce products that do not meet the established requirements.
- Weak quality control: Quality control of dietary supplements is often insufficient, which allows the market to get low -quality and dangerous products.
- Unscrupulous advertising: Advertising of dietary supplements often contains inaccurate information about the properties and efficiency of products, misleading consumers.
- Sale of dietary supplements via the Internet: The sale of dietary supplements over the Internet complicates the quality control of products and can lead to the purchase of falsified or low -quality goods.
- Problems with international regulation: Various approaches to the regulation of dietary supplements in different countries make international trade difficult and can lead to a low-quality market from abroad.
2.3. International Dietary Bad Management Experience
In different countries, there are different approaches to the regulation of dietary supplements.
- USA: In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated as food, and not as drugs. This means that dietary supplement manufacturers are not obliged to prove the effectiveness of their products before it was putting on the market. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has the right to remove the dignment from the market if they are a health hazard.
- European Union: In the European Union, the regulation of dietary supplements is carried out at the level of individual countries. However, there are a number of directives that establish general requirements for safety and labeling of dietary supplements.
- Canada: In Canada, dietary supplements are regulated as “Natural Health Products” (NHPS). NHPS manufacturers are required to receive a license for their products and provide evidence of their safety and efficiency.
- Australia: In Australia, dietary supplements are regulated as “Complementary Medicines”. Complementary Medicines manufacturers are required to receive a license for their products and provide evidence of their safety and efficiency.
III. Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements
Despite the fact that dietary supplements are designed to improve health, their use may be associated with certain risks. It is important to know about these risks and make conscious decisions on dietary supplements.
3.1. Falsification and poor quality
One of the main problems with dietary supplements is falsification and poor -quality composition of products. Unscrupulous manufacturers can add ingredients that are not indicated on the label, or use low -quality raw materials.
- Impurities of medicinal substances: In some dietary supplements, especially in dietary supplements for weight loss, may contain medicinal substances that are not indicated on the label. This can be dangerous to health, especially for people with chronic diseases.
- Heavy metals: In dietary supplements, especially in plant dietary supplements, heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and cadmium, may contain heavy metals. Long -term exposure to heavy metals can lead to serious health problems.
- Microorganisms: Daddles may contain pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. This can lead to infectious diseases.
- Allergens: The dietary supplements may contain allergens, such as gluten, lactose and soy. This can cause allergic reactions in people with allergies.
- Lack of declared ingredients: In some dietary supplements, there may be no declared amount of active ingredients or no active ingredients are contained at all.
3.2. Interaction with drugs
Bades can interact with drugs by changing their effectiveness or increasing side effects. It is important to inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you take, especially if you take drugs according to the prescription.
- The effect on the metabolism of drugs: Some dietary supplements can affect the metabolism of drugs in the liver, which can lead to a change in the concentration of the drug in the blood.
- The effect on blood coagulation: Some dietary supplements, such as ginkgo biloba and garlic, can affect blood coagulation. This can be dangerous for people taking anticoagulants.
- Influence on blood pressure: Some dietary supplements, such as ginseng and ephedra, can affect blood pressure. This can be dangerous for people with hypertension.
- The effect on blood sugar levels: Some dietary supplements, such as chrome and cinnamon, can affect blood sugar. This can be dangerous for people with diabetes.
3.3. Side effects and overdose
The use of dietary supplements can cause various side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness and allergic reactions. An overdose of dietary supplements can lead to serious health problems.
- Toxicity: Some dietary supplements can be toxic, especially when consumed in large doses.
- Allergic reactions: The use of dietary supplements can cause allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, Quincke’s edema and anaphylactic shock.
- Violation of the work of organs and systems: Long -term use of some dietary supplements can lead to a violation of the work of organs and systems, such as liver, kidneys and heart.
- Addiction: Some dietary supplements can cause addiction, especially dietary supplements for losing weight and increasing energy.
3.4. Risks for certain population groups
Some groups of the population are at greater risk when using dietary supplements.
- Pregnant and lactating women: The use of dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding can be dangerous to the health of the mother and baby. Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.
- Children: The use of dietary supplements by children can be dangerous, since their body has not yet been fully formed. Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a pediatrician.
- Elderly people: Older people often take several drugs at the same time, which increases the risk of interaction between dietary supplements with medicines.
- People with chronic diseases: People with chronic diseases should be especially careful when using dietary supplements, as they can interact with the drugs that they take, or aggravate their condition.
IV. Myths and misconceptions about dietary supplements
There are many myths and misconceptions about dietary supplements that can mislead consumers. It is important to critically evaluate information about dietary supplements and not trust unreasonable statements.
4.1. “Bades are natural and safe products”
Not all dietary supplements are natural, and even natural dietary supplements are not always safe. As mentioned above, dietary supplements can be falsified, keep impurities of drugs, heavy metals and microorganisms.
4.2. “Dietrs can replace medicines”
Bades are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They can be useful for maintaining health, but cannot replace the medicines prescribed by the doctor.
4.3. “More the better”
The use of large doses of dietary supplements does not always bring more benefit and can be dangerous to health. It is important to observe the recommended dosages indicated on the label.
4.4. “Bades are suitable for everyone”
Bades are not suitable for everyone. Some groups of the population, such as pregnant and nursing women, children and people with chronic diseases, should be especially careful when using dietary supplements.
4.5. “All dietary supplements are equally effective”
The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary depending on the composition, quality and individual characteristics of the body. Not all dietary supplements are equally effective, and it is important to choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers.
V. How to choose and use dietary supplements correctly
If you decide to take dietary supplements, it is important to do it right in order to minimize risks and get maximum benefit.
5.1. Consultation with a doctor
Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor will help you determine if you need dietary supplements, which dietary supplements are suitable for you and in what dosages they should be taken. It is especially important to consult a doctor, if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, take drugs according to the prescription or have chronic diseases.
5.2. The choice of a proven manufacturer
Choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers with a good reputation. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and reviews of other consumers.
5.3. Studying composition and marking
Carefully study the composition and labeling of dietary supplements. Make sure that there are no ingredients for which you have an allergy or intolerance to the Bad. Pay attention to the dosage of active ingredients and recommended dosages.
5.4. Compliance with recommended dosages
Follow the recommended dosages indicated on the label. Do not exceed the recommended dosages, as this can be dangerous to health.
5.5. Careful observation of the reaction of the body
Carefully observe the reaction of your body to dietary supplements. If you notice any side effects, stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
VI. Badam alternatives: a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet
Bades are not panacea and cannot replace a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet. The best way to maintain health is proper nutrition, regular physical exercises, sufficient sleep and rejection of bad habits.
6.1. Balanced diet
Balanced nutrition is the basis of health. Use a variety of products from all groups: fruits, vegetables, cereals, proteins and fats. Try to receive all the necessary nutrients from food, and not from dietary supplements.
6.2. Regular physical exercises
Regular physical exercises help maintain the health of the heart and blood vessels, strengthen bones and muscles, increase immunity and improve mood. Do physical exercises at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
6.3. A sufficient dream
A sufficient dream is necessary to restore the body and maintain health. Try to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.
6.4. Rejection of bad habits
The rejection of bad habits, such as smoking and drinking alcohol, is an important condition for maintaining health.
VII. Conclusion (do not include according to the conditions of the assignment)
VIII. References (do not include according to the conditions of the assignment)
IX. Appendix (do not include according to the conditions of the assignment)