Chapter 1: Cardiovascular system and unhealthy lifestyle
An unhealthy lifestyle has a destructive effect on the cardiovascular system, leading to many serious diseases and reducing life expectancy. Key factors contributing to this include malnutrition, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse and chronic stress.
1.1 atherosclerosis: the basis of cardiovascular diseases
Atherosclerosis is a progressive arterial disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits (plaques) on their walls. These plaques consist of cholesterol, calcium, inflammatory cells and other substances. Unhealthy nutrition, especially a high content of saturated and trans fats, is a key factor in the risk of atherosclerosis. These fats increase the level of “poor” cholesterol (LDL) in the blood that is deposited on the walls of the arteries.
The lack of physical activity exacerbates the situation, since physical exercises help to increase the level of “good” cholesterol (HDL), which helps to remove LDL from blood flow and prevents its deposition in the arteries. Smoking also damages the inner shell of arteries (endothelium), making them more susceptible to the formation of plaques.
Over time, atherosclerotic plaques increase and narrow the lumen of the arteries, limiting blood flow to organs and tissues. This can lead to various complications, including:
- Corny heart (coronary heart disease): When the plaques narrow the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood, coronary emergency occurs. This can be manifested by angina pectoris (chest pain), shortness of breath and fatigue. In severe cases, myocardial infarction (heart attack) may occur when blood supply to the heart completely stops.
- Stroke: If atherosclerotic plaques are formed in the arteries that feed the brain, this can lead to stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain ceases, which leads to damage or death of brain cells. Strokes can cause a wide range of symptoms, including weakness or paralysis, problems with speech, vision loss and impaired coordination.
- The disease of the peripheral arteries (ZPA): Zpa occurs when atherosclerosis affects arteries that supply the legs and feet. This can cause pain in the legs when walking (intermittent chroma), numbness and weakness in the legs and feet. In severe cases, the ZPA can lead to the formation of ulcers on the legs and amputation.
1.2 hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is constantly increased. This is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke and renal failure. An unhealthy lifestyle plays an important role in the development of hypertension.
- Inal meals: A high sodium (salt) and low potassium content can help increase blood pressure. Sodium retains water in the body, increasing blood volume and, therefore, pressure on the walls of arteries. Potassium, on the contrary, helps to remove sodium from the body and reduces blood pressure.
- Obesity: Excess weight and obesity increase the risk of hypertension. Fat tissue releases hormones and substances that can increase blood pressure. In addition, obesity people need more blood to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients, which increases the load on the heart and artery.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity helps reduce blood pressure by strengthening the heart muscle and improving blood circulation. The lack of physical activity leads to a weakening of the heart muscle and an increase in the rigidity of the arteries, which helps to increase blood pressure.
- Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase blood pressure. Alcohol affects hormones and substances that regulate blood pressure, and can damage the heart muscle.
- Chronic stress: Chronic stress can help increase blood pressure due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which causes the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase the heart rate and narrow the blood vessels, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
1.3 heart failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot effectively pump blood to satisfy the needs of the body. This can be caused by various factors, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart valves and cardiomyopathy (heart muscle).
An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to the development of heart failure, aggravating existing heart disease and damaging the heart muscle.
- IBS and hypertension: As mentioned earlier, coronary heart disease and hypertension are the main risk factors of heart failure. An unhealthy lifestyle that contributes to the development of these diseases indirectly increases the risk of heart failure.
- Cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can be caused by genetic factors, infections, toxins and other causes. Alcohol abuse, drugs and some drugs can damage the heart muscle and lead to cardiomyopathy.
- Obesity: Obesity increases the load on the heart, since it has to pump more blood to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients. Over time, this can lead to a weakening of the heart muscle and the development of heart failure.
Chapter 2: Respiratory system and unhealthy lifestyle
The respiratory system, which is responsible for the intake of oxygen into the body and the removal of carbon dioxide, is extremely vulnerable to the negative effects of an unhealthy lifestyle. Smoking, air pollution and lack of physical activity are the main factors leading to respiratory diseases.
2.1 Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
Cobble is a progressive lung disease characterized by a restriction of the air flow in the lungs. The main causes of COPD are smoking and prolonged exposure to contaminated air.
- Smoking: Smoking is the main reason for COPD. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals that damage the lungs and cause chronic inflammation. This leads to the destruction of the alveoli (air bags in the lungs), a decrease in the elasticity of the lungs and narrowing of the respiratory tract.
- Air pollution: Long -term exposure to contaminated air, especially in industrial areas and large cities, can also contribute to the development of COPD. Pollutants, such as solid particles, sulfur dioxide and ozone, irritate and damage the lungs.
Cobble is manifested by such symptoms as:
- Chronic cough
- Sputum department
- Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion
- Walking breathing
Over time, Cobble progresses, leading to a deterioration in the quality of life and disability. Severe COPD forms can cause respiratory failure and require constant oxygen therapy.
2.2 asthma
Astma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by their narrowing and hyperreactivity. Astma can be caused by various factors, including allergens, infections, irritants and physical activity.
An unhealthy lifestyle can aggravate asthma symptoms and increase the frequency of attacks.
- Smoking: Smoking irritates the respiratory tract and enhances inflammation, which can worsen the symptoms of asthma. Smoking also reduces the effectiveness of medicines for asthma.
- Air pollution: Air pollution, especially with solid particles and ozone, can cause asthma attacks.
- Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of asthma development and more severe symptoms. Fat tissue emits inflammatory substances that can worsen the inflammation of the respiratory tract.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity helps strengthen the respiratory muscles and improve the function of the lungs. The lack of physical activity can lead to a weakening of the respiratory muscles and the deterioration of control over asthma.
2.3 respiratory tract infections
An unhealthy lifestyle can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of respiratory infections, such as flu, pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Smoking: Smoking damages the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, which is the first barrier of protection against infections. Smoking also reduces the activity of immune cells in the lungs.
- Inal meals: The lack of nutrients, such as vitamins C and D, zinc and selenium, can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections.
- Chronic stress: Chronic stress suppresses the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
- Lack of sleep: The lack of sleep also weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections.
Chapter 3: digestive system and unhealthy lifestyle
The digestive system, which is responsible for digesting food and the absorption of nutrients, directly suffers from malnutrition and bad habits. This leads to various diseases that disrupt the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
3.1 obesity and metabolic syndrome
Obesity is a state characterized by excess accumulation of fat in the body. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, some types of cancer and digestive system disease.
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and stroke. These risk factors include:
- Obesity (especially in the abdomen)
- High blood pressure
- High level of triglycerides (fats) in the blood
- Low level of “good” cholesterol (HDL)
- High blood sugar on an empty stomach
An unhealthy lifestyle is the main cause of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Inal meals: A high content of calories, saturated and trans fats, sugar and treated products contributes to the accumulation of fat in the body.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity helps to burn calories and maintain healthy weight. The lack of physical activity leads to the accumulation of fat and a decrease in insulin sensitivity.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol contains a lot of calories and can contribute to weight gain.
3.2 liver diseases
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to various liver diseases, including:
- Non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAZBP): PLAP is a condition in which an excess of fat accumulates in the liver. PLAP is often found in people with obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In severe cases, NZHBP can progress to non -alcoholic steatogepatitis (NASG), which is characterized by inflammation and damage to the liver. Nasg can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure.
- Alcoholic liver disease: Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the liver and lead to alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease includes alcoholic hepatitis (liver inflammation caused by alcohol) and cirrhosis of the liver (the formation of cicatricial tissue in the liver). Liver cirrhosis can lead to liver failure and death.
3.3 intestinal diseases
An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to the development of various intestinal diseases, including:
- Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): SRK is a common disease characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and/or diarrhea. The causes of the IBS have not been fully studied, but it is believed that stress, improper nutrition and changes in the intestinal microflora play a role.
- Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): ISC is a group of diseases that cause chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. The BIC includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The reasons for the GRC have not been fully studied, but it is believed that genetic factors, immune disorders and environmental factors play a role. An unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking and improper nutrition, can aggravate the symptoms of OKK.
- Tolstoy Cancer: Improper nutrition, especially a diet with a high content of red meat and processed products and a low fiber content, is associated with an increased risk of developing colon cancer.
3.4 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERB)
GERB is a condition in which gastric juice is thrown into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms. An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to the development of GERB.
- Obesity: Obesity increases pressure on the stomach and can help to cast gastric juice into the esophagus.
- Smoking: Smoking relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, which prevents the casting of gastric juice into the esophagus.
- Inal meals: Some products, such as fatty foods, chocolate, coffee and alcohol, can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and promote the development of GERB.
Chapter 4: Endocrine system and an unhealthy lifestyle
The endocrine system, which is responsible for the production of hormones that regulate various functions of the body, is also susceptible to the negative effects of an unhealthy lifestyle.
4.1 Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by a high blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot effectively use insulin, a hormone that helps glucose to come from blood to cells.
An unhealthy lifestyle is the main cause of type 2 diabetes.
- Obesity: Obesity, especially in the abdomen, reduces sensitivity to insulin.
- Inal meals: A high sugar diet, treated foods and saturated fats can lead to an increase in blood sugar and the development of insulin resistance.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity increases insulin sensitivity and helps to maintain healthy weight. The lack of physical activity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
4.2 thyroid diseases
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. An unhealthy lifestyle can affect the function of the thyroid gland.
- Iodine deficiency: Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism (reduced thyroid function).
- Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto and Graves, can affect the thyroid gland and cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid function). An unhealthy lifestyle, such as chronic stress, can aggravate autoimmune diseases.
4.3 Hormonal imbalance
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to hormonal imbalance, especially in women.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCU): PCA is a common hormonal violation in women of reproductive age. SPKI is characterized by irregular menstruation, an increased level of androgens (male hormones) and polycystic ovary. Obesity and insulin resistance play an important role in the development of PCU.
- Menopause: Menopause is a natural period in a woman’s life when menstruation stops. During menopause, the level of estrogen (female hormone) decreases, which can cause various symptoms, such as flare, night sweating, insomnia and mood changes. An unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking and lack of physical activity, can aggravate these symptoms.
Chapter 5: The bone-muscular system and an unhealthy lifestyle
The musculoskeletal system that provides the movement and support of the body is also affected by an unhealthy lifestyle.
5.1 Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
- Disadvantage of calcium and vitamin D: Calcium and vitamin D are necessary for bone health. The lack of these nutrients can lead to osteoporosis.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity, especially strength training, helps strengthen bones. Lack of physical activity can lead to a decrease in bone density.
- Smoking: Smoking reduces bone density and increases the risk of fractures.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol abuse can damage the bones and increase the risk of fractures.
5.2 arthritis
Arthritis is a group of diseases that cause joint inflammation.
- Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It occurs when the cartilage that protects the joints is destroyed. Obesity increases the load on the joints and can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation. An unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking, can aggravate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
5.3 back pain
Back pain is a common problem that can be caused by various factors, including improper posture, weight lifting, sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
- Incorrect posture: Incorrect posture can lead to overstrain of the muscles of the back and pain.
- Lieving weights: The lifting of weights in an incorrect way can lead to back injuries.
- Sitting lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle weakens the muscles of the back and abdomen, which can lead to back pain.
- Obesity: Obesity increases the load on the back and can lead to back pain.
Chapter 6: Nervous system and unhealthy lifestyle
The nervous system that controls all the functions of the body is also subject to the negative effects of an unhealthy lifestyle.
6.1 Depression and anxiety
Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders that can have a significant impact on the quality of life.
- Inal meals: The lack of nutrients, such as B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and magnesium, can contribute to the development of depression and anxiety.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity helps improve mood and reduce stress. The lack of physical activity can lead to depression and anxiety.
- Lack of sleep: The lack of sleep can disrupt the function of the brain and lead to depression and anxiety.
- Chronic stress: Chronic stress can deplete neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain that transmit signals between nerve cells) and lead to depression and anxiety.
6.2 Cognitive disorders
Cognitive disorders are a decrease in cognitive functions, such as memory, attention and thinking.
- Inal meals: A high content of saturated fats and sugar can damage the brain and lead to cognitive disorders.
- Lack of physical activity: Physical activity improves blood supply to the brain and helps to protect it from damage. Lack of physical activity can lead to cognitive impairment.
- Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels in the brain and can lead to cognitive impairment.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol abuse can damage the brain and lead to cognitive disorders.
6.3 Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease, which leads to loss of memory, thinking and behavior.
Although the exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease have not been fully studied, it is believed that genetic factors, age and environmental factors play a role.
Some studies show that an unhealthy lifestyle, such as improper nutrition, lack of physical activity and smoking, can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
Chapter 7: The immune system and an unhealthy lifestyle
The immune system that protects the body from infections and diseases also suffers from the negative influence of an unhealthy lifestyle.
7.1 Decrease in immunity
An unhealthy lifestyle can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections.
- Inal meals: The lack of nutrients, such as vitamins C and D, zinc and selenium, can weaken the immune system.
- Lack of sleep: The lack of sleep suppresses the immune system.
- Chronic stress: Chronic stress suppresses the immune system.
- Smoking: Smoking damages immune cells in the lungs and other parts of the body.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol abuse suppresses the immune system.
7.2 Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.
Although the exact causes of autoimmune diseases have not been fully studied, it is believed that genetic factors, environmental factors and immune disorders play a role.
Some studies show that an unhealthy lifestyle, such as smoking, malnutrition and chronic stress, can aggravate autoimmune diseases.
7.3 Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells.
An unhealthy lifestyle is one of the main risk factors for cancer.
- Smoking: Smoking is the cause of many types of cancer, including lung cancer, throat cancer, esophagus cancer, bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.
- Inal meals: A high content of red meat and treated foods and a low content of fruits and vegetables is associated with an increased risk of developing colon cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer.
- Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, colon cancer, uterine cancer, kidney cancer and esophagus cancer.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and esophagus cancer.
Chapter 8: Reproductive system and an unhealthy lifestyle
The reproductive system, which is responsible for propagation, is also vulnerable to the negative impact of an unhealthy lifestyle.
8.1 infertility
Infertility is the inability to conceive a child after one year of regular attempts.
An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to infertility in both men and women.
- Obesity: Obesity can violate the hormonal balance and reduce fertility.
- Smoking: Smoking damages eggs and sperm and reduces fertility.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol abuse can violate the hormonal balance and reduce fertility.
- Drugs: Drug use can damage eggs and sperm and reduce fertility.
- Stress: Chronic stress can violate the hormonal balance and reduce fertility.
8.2 pregnancy problems
An unhealthy lifestyle during pregnancy can lead to various problems, such as:
- Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes is diabetes that develops during pregnancy. Obesity and improper nutrition increase the risk of gestational diabetes.
- Precomports: Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine during pregnancy. Obesity and hypertension increase the risk of preeclampsia.
- Premature birth: Smoking, alcohol abuse and drugs increase the risk of premature birth.
- Low birth weight: Smoking, alcohol abuse and drugs increase the risk of a child with low weight.
- Congenital defects: Smoking, alcohol abuse and drugs increase the risk of a child with congenital defects.
8.3 Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction is an inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
An unhealthy lifestyle is one of the main risk factors for the development of erectile dysfunction.
- Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels in the penis and can lead to erectile dysfunction.
- Obesity: Obesity can violate the hormonal balance and lead to erectile dysfunction.
- Diabetes: Diabetes damage blood vessels and nerves in the penis and can lead to erectile dysfunction.
- Hypertension: Hypertension damages blood vessels in the penis and can lead to erectile dysfunction.
Chapter 9: Leather and an unhealthy lifestyle
The skin, which is the largest organ of the body, reflects the general state of health and is also affected by an unhealthy lifestyle.
9.1 premature skin aging
An unhealthy lifestyle can speed up the process of skin aging.
- Smoking: Smoking damages collagen and elastin, which support the elasticity of the skin. This leads to wrinkles, sagging skin and age spots.
- Solar radiation: Long -term exposure to solar radiation damages the skin and accelerates the aging process.
- Inal meals: The lack of antioxidants (vitamins C and E, Selena and others) in food can lead to damage to the skin with free radicals and premature aging.
- Lack of sleep: The lack of sleep disrupts the processes of skin restoration and can lead to wrinkles and dark circles under the eyes.
- Stress: Chronic stress can lead to wrinkles and acne.
9.2 acne
Acne is a common skin disease characterized by acne, acne and black dots.
An unhealthy lifestyle can aggravate the symptoms of acne.
- Inal meals: A high sugar and processed food diet can increase inflammation in the body and aggravate acne.
- Stress: Stress can stimulate the production of sebum, which can lead to acne.
9.3 skin infections
An unhealthy lifestyle can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to skin infections.
- Inal meals: The lack of nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to skin infections.
- Lack of sleep: The lack of sleep suppresses the immune system.
- Stress: Chronic stress suppresses the immune system.
Chapter 10: Psychological well -being and unhealthy lifestyle
Psychological well -being, which includes mental and emotional health, is closely related to the way of life. An unhealthy lifestyle can negatively affect the mental state and contribute to the development of various psychological problems.
10.1 decrease in self -esteem and self -confidence
An unhealthy lifestyle is often associated with dissatisfaction with its body, which can lead to a decrease in self -esteem and self -confidence.
- Obesity: Obesity is often the cause of ridicule and discrimination, which can lead to a decrease in self -esteem and self -confidence.
- Skin problems: Acne and other skin diseases can cause embarrassment and reduce self -esteem.
- Problems with physical form: The lack of physical activity can lead to a sense of weakness and inferiority.
10.2 Social isolation
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to social isolation.
- Obesity: People with obesity can avoid social situations due to the constraint of their appearance.
- Depression and anxiety: Depression and anxiety can complicate communication with other people.
- Alcohol abuse and drugs: Alcohol abuse and drugs can lead to conflicts with friends and family and social isolation.
10.3 Reducing the quality of life
In general, an unhealthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the quality of life.
- Physical problems: Physical problems, such as back pain, breathing problems and digestive problems, can limit activity and reduce the quality of life.
- Psychological problems: Psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety and a decrease in self -esteem, can lead to a feeling of misfortune and inferiority.
- Social problems: Social problems, such as social isolation, can lead to a sense of loneliness and lack of demand.
Chapter 11: Sleep and an unhealthy lifestyle
Dream plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health. An unhealthy lifestyle can negatively affect the quality and duration of sleep, which leads to various health consequences.
11.1 insomnia
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulties with falling asleep, maintaining sleep or early awakening.
An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to the development of insomnia.
- Stress: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, which may impede falling asleep.
- Inal meals: The use of caffeine and alcohol before bedtime can violate sleep.
- Lack of physical activity: Lack of physical activity can lead to insomnia.
- Incorrect sleep mode: The irregular sleep mode can violate the inner clock and lead to insomnia.
11.2 Obstructive Apnoe SNA Syndrome (SOAS)
Soas is a sleep disorder characterized by breathing stops during sleep.
Obesity is one of the main risk factors for the development of the SAS.
Soas can lead to various health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
11.3 lack of sleep
The lack of sleep is a condition in which a person sleeps less than he needs to function.
An unhealthy lifestyle can contribute to a lack of sleep.
- Work on the night shift: Working in a night shift violates the internal hours of the body and can lead to a lack of sleep.
- Long -term use of electronic devices before bedtime: Blue light emitted by electronic devices suppresses the production of melatonin, hormone, which regulates sleep.
- Chronic stress: Chronic stress can complicate falling asleep and lead to a lack of sleep.
Chapter 12: abuse of psychoactive substances and its consequences