Vitamins for pregnant women with multiple pregnancy: increased needs

Vitamins for pregnant women with multiple pregnancy: increased needs

Section 1: Multiple pregnancy: unique physiological challenges

A multiple pregnancy, which implies the bearing of two or more fruits, is a unique physiological state, characterized by a significant increase in the load on the mother’s body. Unlike uniform pregnancy, multiple pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of developing various complications, including premature birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, anemia and postpartum bleeding. These complications are largely associated with increased metabolic and nutritional needs necessary to maintain the growth and development of several fruits at the same time.

The mother’s body experiences a significant increase in the volume of circulating blood, cardiac output and metabolic rate. This leads to an increased need for energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fats and, most importantly, vitamins and minerals. The disadvantage of certain trace elements can negatively affect both the health of the mother and the health of developing fruits, increasing the risk of congenital defects, delays in intrauterine development and other adverse outcomes.

Section 2: Key vitamins and minerals: needs for multiple pregnancy

In case of multiple pregnancy, the need for certain vitamins and minerals significantly exceed the needs for a single pregnancy. These needs must be satisfied due to a balanced nutrition and, in most cases, an additional administration of special vitamin-mineral complexes developed for multiple pregnancy. Key vitamins and minerals that require special attention include:

• Folic acid (vitamin B9): Folic acid plays a decisive role in the formation of the nerve tube of the fetus, which develops in the brain and spinal cord. The disadvantage of folic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy significantly increases the risk of defects in the nervous tube, such as the crevice of the spine (Spina Bifida) and an anencephalus. With multiple pregnancy, the need for folic acid increases significantly due to the need to form a nerve tube in several fruits. The recommended dose of folic acid for women with multiple pregnancy is at least 1 mg (1000 μg) per day, starting at least a month before conception and continuing during the first trimester. In some cases, especially in the presence of risk factors (for example, a previous pregnancy with a defect in the nervous tube), a higher dose may be required. Sources of folic acid in food include dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli), citrus, legumes and enriched cereals.

• Iron: Iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, protein in red blood cells, which transfers oxygen throughout the body. During pregnancy, the need for iron increases significantly due to an increase in the volume of blood and the need to provide oxygen with growing fruits. With multiple pregnancy, this need increases even more, which makes women more at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. Anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath and increased risk of premature birth and low weight at birth. The recommended dose of iron for pregnant women is 27 mg per day, but with multiple pregnancy, this dose often increases to 60-100 mg per day, and in some cases, under the supervision of a doctor. Power sources in food include red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables and enriched cereals. When taking iron preparations, it is important to remember that they can cause constipation, so it is recommended to consume foods rich in fiber and drink enough fluid. Vitamin C improves iron absorption, so it is recommended to take iron preparations along with products or drinks containing vitamin C.

• Calcium: Calcium is necessary for the development of the bones and teeth of the fetus, as well as to maintain the health of the bones of the mother. During pregnancy, the need for calcium increases to satisfy the needs of growing fruits. If the mother does not receive enough calcium, the body will extract it from its bones, which can lead to osteoporosis in the future. In case of multiple pregnancy, this need is even more pronounced due to the need to provide calcium of several fruits. The recommended dose of calcium for pregnant women is 1000 mg per day. Sources of calcium in food include dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables, enriched products (for example, soy milk, orange juice) and tofu. Vitamin D helps the absorption of calcium, so it is important to get a sufficient amount of vitamin D.

• Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays an important role in the assimilation of calcium and phosphorus necessary for the development of the bones and teeth of the fetus. It is also important for immune function and general health. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can lead to rickets in a child, low weight and increased risk of preeclampsia in the mother. With multiple pregnancy, the need for vitamin D can be increased. The recommended dose of vitamin D for pregnant women is 600 IU (international units) per day, but some doctors recommend higher doses, especially with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D sources include fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), egg yolks and enriched products (for example, milk, cereals). Vitamin D is also produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight, but depending on the season, geographical position and pigmentation of the skin, the production of vitamin D may be insufficient.

• Vitamin C: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that protects the cells from damage. It is also necessary for the formation of collagen, an important protein for the development of skin, bones and blood vessels. Vitamin C improves the absorption of iron and supports the immune system. During pregnancy, the need for vitamin C increases. The recommended dose of vitamin C for pregnant women is 85 mg per day. Sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, berries, pepper and broccoli.

• Vitamin B12 (cobalamin): Vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells and maintaining the health of the nervous system. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia, neurological problems and defects of the nervous tube. With multiple pregnancy, the need for vitamin B12 can be increased. Vitamin B12 is mainly contained in animal products, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products. Vegetarians and vegans are recommended to take vitamin B12 additives. The recommended dose of vitamin B12 for pregnant women is 2.6 mcg per day.

• Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA): Omega-3 fatty acids, especially non-achexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are important for the development of the brain and eye of the fetus. They can also help reduce the risk of premature birth. With multiple pregnancy, the need for omega-3 fatty acids can be increased. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), linen seeds, walnuts and fish oil supplements. It is recommended to use at least 200-300 mg DHA per day.

• Zinc: Zinc is necessary for the growth and development of cells, immune function and wound healing. Zinc deficiency can lead to a delay in intrauterine development, premature birth and other complications. With multiple pregnancy, the need for zinc can be increased. Zinc sources include meat, poultry, seafood, legumes and nuts. The recommended zinc dose for pregnant women is 11 mg per day.

• Magnesium: Magnesium plays an important role in many body functions, including the regulation of blood pressure, blood sugar and muscle function. Magnesium deficiency can lead to seizures, premature birth and preeclampsia. With multiple pregnancy, the need for magnesium can be increased. Sources of magnesium include dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes and whole grain products. The recommended dose of magnesium for pregnant women is 350-360 mg per day.

• Iodine: Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which are important for the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus. Iodine deficiency can lead to mental retardation and other problems of development. With multiple pregnancy, the need for iodine can be increased. Iodine sources include iodized salt, seafood and dairy products. The recommended dose of iodine for pregnant women is 220 μg per day.

Section 3: Individual approach: Consultation with a doctor

It is important to emphasize that recommendations for taking vitamins and minerals with multiple pregnancy should be individual and are based on assessing the needs of each particular woman. There is no universal approach, and optimal doses can vary depending on factors such as:

• Age and general state of health of the mother: The age of the mother and the presence of any chronic diseases (for example, diabetes, thyroid diseases) can affect her needs for nutrients.

• Diet and lifestyle: A balanced diet rich in nutrients is the basis of a healthy pregnancy. However, even if a healthy diet is observed, with multiple pregnancy, an additional intake of vitamins and minerals may be required. Some lifestyle factors, such as smoking and drinking alcohol, can negatively affect the assimilation of nutrients.

• Blood test results: Blood tests allow you to evaluate the level of vitamins and minerals in the mother’s body and identify possible deficits.

• The presence of pregnancy complications: The presence of complications, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia or intrauterine development, may require adjustments to doses of vitamins and minerals.

Therefore, it is extremely important to consult a doctor (obstetrician-gynecologist) and a nutritionist specializing in the conduct of multiple pregnancy. The doctor will conduct a thorough examination, evaluate the state of health, prescribe the necessary tests and develop an individual plan for taking vitamins and minerals. Self -medication and uncontrolled technique of vitamins can be dangerous for both the mother and fruits. Some vitamins and minerals in high doses can be toxic.

Section 4: Choosing a vitamin-mineral complex

On the market there are many vitamin-mineral complexes developed specifically for pregnant women. However, not all of them are suitable for women with multiple pregnancy. When choosing a vitamin-mineral complex, the following factors should be taken into account:

• Composition: Make sure that the complex contains the necessary vitamins and minerals in doses recommended for multiple pregnancy. Pay attention to the content of folic acid, iron, calcium, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids.

• Quality: Choose complexes from reliable manufacturers who comply with strict quality standards. Check the availability of quality certificates.

• Bioavailability: Bioavailability is the degree of assimilation of vitamins and minerals by the body. Some forms of vitamins and minerals are better absorbed than others. For example, iron in the form of an iron colate (Bisglycinate) is better absorbed than iron in the form of iron sulfate.

• Tolerance: Some vitamin-mineral complexes can cause side effects, such as nausea, constipation or diarrhea. If you experience any side effects, consult your doctor.

A doctor or nutritionist can help you choose the most suitable vitamin-mineral complex, taking into account your individual needs.

Section 5: Power: The basis of a healthy multiple pregnancy

Reception of vitamin-mineral complexes is an important part of ensuring adequate intake of nutrients for multiple pregnancy, but it should not replace a balanced diet. The diet of a pregnant woman should be varied and include the following products:

• Squirrels: Proteins are necessary for the growth and development of fruits. Sources of protein include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, tofu and dairy products. It is recommended to consume at least 70-100 grams of protein per day.

• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the main source of energy. Choose complex carbohydrates, such as whole grain products, fruits and vegetables, instead of simple carbohydrates, such as sweets and carbonated drinks.

• Fat: Fats are necessary for the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus. Choose healthy fats such as omega-3 fatty acids, mono-saturated and polyunsaturated fats, instead of saturated and trans fats.

• Fruits and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Try to use at least five portions of fruits and vegetables per day.

• Dairy products: Dairy products are a good source of calcium and vitamin D. Choose low -fat or low -fat dairy products.

It is important to drink enough water to avoid dehydration. It is recommended to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day.

Section 6: possible complications and precautions

Although taking vitamins and minerals is important for a healthy multiple pregnancy, it is necessary to observe certain precautions and know about possible complications:

• Hypervitaminosis: Taking too large doses of some vitamins and minerals can be toxic and lead to hypervitaminosis. For example, excess vitamin A can cause congenital defects, and an excess of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia.

• Interaction with drugs: Some vitamins and minerals can interact with drugs, reducing their effectiveness or causing side effects. Tell your doctor about all the medicines that you take, including vitamins and minerals.

• Allergic reactions: Some people may have allergies to certain vitamins or minerals. If you have any signs of an allergic reaction (for example, a rash, itching, edema), stop taking vitamins and immediately consult a doctor.

• Digestive problems: Some vitamins and minerals, especially iron, can cause digestive problems, such as nausea, constipation or diarrhea. To reduce the risk of these problems, take vitamins during food and drink enough water.

Section 7: Alternative approaches and additional recommendations

In addition to taking vitamin-mineral complexes and a balanced diet, there are other approaches that can help maintain health with multiple pregnancy:

• Regular physical exercises: Regular physical exercises of moderate intensity (for example, walking, swimming, yoga for pregnant women) can help improve blood circulation, reduce the risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, and improve overall well -being. Consult a doctor before starting physical exercises.

• Sufficient rest: Pregnant women, especially with multiple pregnancy, need to rest enough. Try to sleep at least 8 hours a day and avoid overwork.

• Reducing stress: Stress can negatively affect the health of the mother and fruits. Look for ways to reduce stress, such as meditation, yoga or communication with loved ones.

• Support: Multiple pregnancy can be physically and emotionally complex. Contact your family, friends, partner or support group for pregnant women.

• Regular visits to a doctor: Regular visits to a doctor are necessary for monitoring the health of the mother and fruits and identifying possible complications at an early stage.

Section 8: The latest research and trends

Studies in the field of nutrition and multiple pregnancy continue, and new data constantly appear on the role of vitamins and minerals in maintaining the health of the mother and fruits. Some of the latest trends include:

• Personalized approach to nutrition: More and more doctors and nutritionists adhere to a personalized approach to nutrition, taking into account the individual needs and risks of each woman.

• Using genetic testing: Genetic testing can help identify a predisposition to certain deficits of vitamins and minerals and develop an individual add -ons to receive plan.

• Studying the role of intestinal microbioma: The intestinal microbia plays an important role in the absorption of nutrients and general health. Studies show that probiotics can be useful for maintaining a healthy intestinal microbioma during pregnancy.

• Emphasis on food quality: Instead of simply focusing on the number of calories, more and more attention is paid to the quality of food and the choice of nutrients.

Stay in the course of recent studies and trends in the field of nutrition and multiple pregnancy and discuss them with your doctor.

Section 9: an approximate power plan for multiple pregnancy

This approximate power plan is intended only for information and should not replace consultation with a doctor or nutritionist. It is designed to give an idea of how a balanced diet for a pregnant woman with multiple pregnancy may look like.

• Breakfast:

  • Oatmeal with fruits (berries, bananas) and nuts (walnuts, almonds)
  • Eggs (omelet, scrambled eggs) with vegetables (spinach, tomatoes, pepper)
  • Greek yogurt with granola and fruits

• Dinner:

  • Salad with chicken or fish (salmon, tuna) and vegetables
  • Whole -grain sandwich with avocado and turkey
  • Puree soup from lentils or beans

• Dinner:

  • Baked fish (salmon, cod) with vegetables (broccoli, carrots, asparagus)
  • Kurin fillet with films and vegetables
  • Bobs with rice and vegetables

• Snacks:

  • Fruits (apples, bananas, oranges)
  • Vegetables (carrots, celery, cucumbers) with humus
  • Nuts and seeds
  • Yogurt
  • Cottage cheese

• Drinks:

  • Water (at least 8-10 glasses per day)
  • Small milk
  • Fruit and vegetable juices (without adding sugar)
  • Herbal teas

Important comments:

• The size of the portions should be increased compared to a uniform pregnancy.
• Try to eat small portions several times a day to avoid overeating and discomfort.
• Avoid the use of raw meat, fish and eggs, as well as non -pasteurized dairy products.
• Limit the consumption of caffeine and alcohol.
• Wash fruits and vegetables carefully before use.

Section 10: Myths and errors about vitamins with multiple pregnancy

There are many myths and misconceptions about vitamins and minerals with multiple pregnancy. It is important to critically relate to the information you get and consult a doctor.

• Myth: With multiple pregnancy, you need to eat “for two” or “for three”.

  • Reality: It is important to increase calorie intake, but you do not need to eat two or three times more. Focus on your feelings and recommendations of a doctor.

• Myth: All vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women are the same.

  • Reality: The composition and quality of complexes can vary greatly. Choose complexes designed specifically for pregnant women, and consult your doctor.

• Myth: If I eat healthy food, I don’t need vitamins.

  • Reality: Even with a healthy diet with multiple pregnancy, it can be difficult to get all the necessary vitamins and minerals only from food.

• Myth: Vitamins can prevent all pregnancy complications.

  • Reality: Vitamins are important for health, but they cannot guarantee the absence of complications. It is important to comply with all the doctor’s recommendations and regularly visit a doctor.

• Myth: The more vitamins, the better.

  • Reality: Excess of some vitamins can be toxic. Take vitamins only in recommended doses.

Section 11: Future of food for multiple pregnancy

Nutrition with multiple pregnancy is a rapidly developing area, and in the future we can expect the following changes:

• More accurate nutrition recommendations: Thanks to the development of science and technology, we can more accurately determine the individual needs for the nutrients of each pregnant woman.

• New methods of delivery of nutrients: New methods of nutrient delivery are developed, such as liposomal vitamins and nanoparticles that can improve the absorption of vitamins and minerals.

• Integration of artificial intelligence (AI): AI can be used to analyze data on nutrition and health of pregnant women and provide personalized nutrition recommendations.

• Wider access to education and support: It is expected that access to education and support on nutrition issues with multiple pregnancy will become wider and more affordable for all women.

In conclusion, it is important to remember that nutrition plays a decisive role in providing a healthy multiple pregnancy. Follow the recommendations of a doctor and nutritionist, adhere to a balanced diet, take vitamin-mineral complexes and do not hesitate to seek support. Healthy mom – healthy children!