Migraine: Guide to Complete and Fraud

Migraine: Guide to Complete and Fraud

Part 1: Understanding Migraine – the foundation of the cure

Migraine is much more than just a severe headache. This is a complex neurological disease, characterized by repeating attacks of moderate or severe pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head. It is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), sound (phonophobia) and smells (osmophobia). Understanding the mechanisms of migraine and individual triggers is the first step towards effective management and, ultimately, to cure.

1.1 Neurological foundations of migraines:

For decades, the pathophysiology of migraine remained a mystery. However, modern studies have identified several key factors involved in the development of a migraine attack:

  • Trigeminal nervous system: This system plays a central role in the development of migraine. The trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve, transfers sensory information from the face, head and neck to the brain. During a migraine attack, the trigeminal nerve is activated by releasing neuropeptides, such as peptide associated with the calcitonin genome (CGRP).

  • Peptide associated with the calcitonin genome (CGRP): CGRP is a powerful vasodilator, which means that it expands blood vessels. It is believed that the release of CGRP around the trigeminal nerve causes inflammation and expansion of blood vessels in the brain, which contributes to migraine pain. The latest drugs, such as anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (Erenumab, Galkanzumab, Fremanezumab, Eptinezumab), are aimed at CGRP or its receptor to block its effect and prevent migraine attacks.

  • Crimely spreading depression (CSD): CSD is a wave of electrical activity, which slowly spreads through the cerebral cortex. It is believed that CSD is a migraine trigger with an aura and can contribute to the development of pain in migraine. CSD can activate the trigeminal nervous system and cause CGRP release.

  • Neurotransmitter: Various neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, also participate in migraine pathophysiology. Violations in the levels of these neurotransmitters can affect susceptibility to migraine and severity of seizures.

  • Thalamus role: Talamus is an important relay center for sensory information entering the cerebral cortex. It is believed that the thalamus plays a role in processing pain during migraine and can be involved in the sensory sensitivity observed during migraine attacks.

  • Genetic predisposition: Migraine has a strong genetic component. People who have a family history of migraines are more likely to get this disease. Several genes associated with migraine were identified, although the exact way that these genes contribute to the development of migraine is still being studied.

1.2 Types of migraines:

Understanding various types of migraine is crucial for making an accurate diagnosis and developing an individual treatment plan. The main types of migraines include:

  • Migraine without aura (previously known as an ordinary migraine): This is the most common type of migraine. It is characterized by a headache, which meets the criteria of migraine, but is not accompanied by an aura.

  • Migraine with aura (previously known as classical migraine): This type of migraine is accompanied by an aura, which is transient neurological symptoms, usually visual, sensory or speech disorders that occur before a headache. Visual auras may include flashes of light, zigzag lines or blind spots. Sensory auras may include tingling or numbness, usually starting in one hand and spreading to the face. Speech auras may include difficulties with the search for words or understanding of speech.

  • Chronic migraine: Chronic migraine is defined as headaches that occur within 15 or more days a month for more than three months, and at least eight days a month correspond to migraine criteria. Chronic migraine can be very exhausting and significantly affect the quality of life.

  • Hemiplegic migraine: This is a rare type of migraine, which causes weakness on one side of the body (hemiplegia) during an attack. Hemiplegic migraine can be family (family hemiplegic migraine) or sporadic (sporadic hemiplegic migraine).

  • Migraine of the brain stem: This type of migraine causes the symptoms occurring from the brain trunk, such as dizziness, noise in the ears (ringing in the ears), dysarthria (difficulty in speech), diplopia (double eyes) and impaired coordination.

  • Abdominal migraine: This type of migraine is mainly found in children and is characterized by episodes of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. A headache may be present or absent.

1.3 Individual Migraine triggers:

Migraine triggers are factors that can provoke a migraine attack of susceptible people. The identification and avoidance of triggers is an important part of migraine management. Migraines triggers vary from man to person, and a headache diary may be required to determine specific triggers. General migraines triggers include:

  • Food triggers: Certain products and drinks can launch migraines in some people. General food triggers include:

    • Alcohol, especially red wine
    • Aged cheeses
    • Processed meat
    • Chocolate
    • Caffeine (both excess and withdrawal)
    • Artificial sweeteners (for example, aspartam)
    • Food supplements (for example, sodium glutamate (MSG))
  • Ecological triggers: Environmental factors can cause migraine in some people. General ecological triggers include:

    • Weather changes (for example, atmospheric pressure fluctuations)
    • Strong smells (for example, perfumes, chemicals)
    • Bright or flickering light
    • Loud sounds
    • Height changes
  • Life lifestyle factors: Certain lifestyle factors can affect the frequency and severity of migraines. General lifestyle factors associated with migraine include:

    • Stress
    • Lack of sleep or excessive sleep
    • Irregular nutrition
    • Dehydration
    • Physical strain
  • Hormonal changes: Hormonal vibrations can cause migraine in women, especially during menstruation, pregnancy or menopause. Migraine associated with menstruation is known as menstrual migraine.

  • Medicines: Some drugs can cause migraine as a side effect. These drugs include:

    • Oral contraceptives
    • Hormone replacement therapy
    • Vasodilators

Part 2: Diagnostics and Migraine assessment – distinguishing features

Careful diagnosis is a cornerstone of effective migraine management. This includes the collection of detailed history, conducting physical and neurological examination, and the exclusion of other diseases that can cause headaches.

2.1 anamnesis:

The doctor will ask questions about your headache history, including:

  • The frequency, duration and intensity of headaches: How often do you have headaches? How long does they last? How severe the pain?
  • The location and nature of the pain: Where do you feel pain? Is it pulsating, pressing or dumb?
  • Related symptoms: Do you have nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound or smells?
  • Aura: Do you have auras in front of a headache? If so, what symptoms do you experience?
  • Triggers: What, in your opinion, causes headaches?
  • Family history: Is there anyone in your family suffering from migraine?
  • Medical history: Do you have any other diseases? What medications do you take?
  • Influence on life: How do headaches affect your ability to work, study or engage in other activities?

2.2 Physical and neurological examination:

The doctor will conduct a physical and neurological examination to exclude other causes of headache. A neurological examination may include checking your vision, hearing, coordination, reflexes and sensitivity.

2.3 Diagnostic migraine criteria:

The International Headache Society (IHS) has developed diagnostic migraine criteria. These criteria help doctors make an accurate diagnosis of migraine and distinguish it from other types of headache.

Diagnostic migraine criteria without aura:

To diagnose migraines without aura, a person must have at least five attacks corresponding to the following criteria:

  • The headache lasts from 4 to 72 hours (without treatment or with ineffective treatment).
  • The headache has at least two of the following characteristics:
    • One -sided localization (pain only on one side of the head)
    • Pulsating in nature
    • Moderate or strong intensity of pain
    • Aggravated by ordinary physical activity or avoids it (for example, walking or climbing the stairs)
  • During a headache, at least one of the following symptoms occurs:
    • Nausea and/or vomiting
    • Photophobia and phonophobia

Diagnostic migraine criteria with aura:

To diagnose migraines with an aura, a person must have at least two attacks corresponding to the following criteria:

  • The aura consists of at least one of the following fully reversible symptoms:
    • Visual symptoms (for example, flashes of light, zigzag lines, blind spots)
    • Sensory symptoms (for example, tingling, numbness)
    • Speech symptoms (for example, difficulties with the search for words, understanding of speech)
    • Motor symptoms (for example, weakness)
    • Stem symptoms (for example, dizziness, ears in the ears, double eyes)
    • Mesh symptoms (for example, temporary loss of vision in one eye)
  • Each symptom of the aura lasts from 5 to 60 minutes.
  • The headache corresponding to the migraine criteria without aura begins within 60 minutes after the aura.

2.4 Exclusion of other causes of headache:

It is important to exclude other causes of headache, such as:

  • Street headache: This is the most common type of headache. It is usually described as pressing or tightening pain on both sides of the head.
  • Closter headache: This is a rare type of headache that causes severe pain around one eye or temple.
  • Sinus headache: This headache is caused by an infection of the nasal sinuses.
  • Headache of tension: This headache is caused by tension in the muscles of the neck and shoulders.
  • Headache associated with drugs (Rebound Headache): This headache is caused by excessive use of painkillers.
  • Secondary headaches: These headaches are caused by other diseases, such as:
    • Brain tumors
    • Aneurysms of the brain
    • Meningitis
    • Glaucoma
    • High blood pressure

The doctor may prescribe additional studies such as scanning of the brain (for example, MRI or CT) to exclude other causes of headache.

Part 3: Supervision Strategies – Holistic approach

The true cure of migraine is not just eliminating the symptoms, but eliminating the main causes and restoring optimal health. This requires a holistic approach, which includes changes in lifestyle, diet, stress and, in some cases, drugs.

3.1 changes in lifestyle:

Changes in the lifestyle play a decisive role in managing migraine and prevention of attacks. These changes include:

  • Regular sleep mode: Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. A lack of sleep or excessive sleep can cause migraine.
  • Healthy nutrition: Observe a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grain products. Avoid missing meals and adhere to a regular food meal schedule.
  • Regular physical exercises: Regular physical exercises can help reduce stress and improve the overall health. Try to engage in moderate physical exercises, such as walking, swimming or cycling, at least 30 minutes of most days a week.
  • Stress management: Stress is a common migraine trigger. Find healthy ways to control stress, such as yoga, meditation, tai-chi or pastime in nature.
  • Limit the use of alcohol and caffeine: Alcohol and caffeine can cause migraine in some people. Limit the use of these substances or avoid them.
  • Hydration: Drink enough water during the day. Dehydration can cause migraine.
  • Quit smoking: Smoking can worsen migraine.

3.2 diet for migraines:

Diet plays an important role in managing migraine. Certain products can cause migraine, while others can help reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.

  • Diet with the exception of triggers: This is a diet that excludes products that, as you know, cause migraine. General food triggers include:
    • Aged cheeses
    • Processed meat
    • Chocolate
    • Alcohol
    • Caffeine
    • Artificial sweeteners
    • Food supplements (for example, sodium glutamate (MSG))

It is recommended to keep a diet to determine specific food triggers.

  • Anti -inflammatory diet: This diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and healthy fats. It helps to reduce inflammation in the body, which can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine. Anti -inflammatory products include:

    • Fat fish (for example, salmon, tuna, sardines)
    • Olive oil
    • Nuts and seeds
    • Berries
    • Leaf green vegetables
    • Cruciferous vegetables (for example, broccoli, colored cabbage, cabbage)
  • Low tyrammine diet: Tiramin is a substance contained in some products, and it can cause migraine in some people. Products with a high tyrammine content include:

    • Aged cheeses
    • Processed meat
    • Enzymed products (for example, sauerkraut, kimchi)
    • Soy sauce
    • Red wine
    • Beer
  • Low constant diet: Histamine is a substance contained in some products, and it can cause migraine in some people. Products with a high histamine content include:

    • Enzymed products
    • Aged cheeses
    • Processed meat
    • Fish
    • Avocado
    • Eggplant
    • Spinach
    • Tomatoes
    • Citrus
  • Ketogenic diet: A ketogenic diet is a high fat diet, a moderate protein content and a very low carbohydrate content. Some studies have shown that ketogenic diet can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

3.3 stress management:

Stress is a common migraine trigger. Learning to effectively manage stress can help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Effective stress management techniques include:

  • Meditation of awareness: Meditation of awareness includes focusing attention on the present moment without condemning it. This can help reduce stress, anxiety and depression.
  • Yoga: Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice, which includes various poses, breathing techniques and meditation. Yoga can help reduce stress, improve flexibility and strength.
  • Tai-you: Tai-chi is a type of meditative gymnastics, which includes slow, smooth movements. Tai-chi can help reduce stress, improve balance and coordination.
  • Natural walks: Time in nature can help reduce stress and improve mood.
  • Listening to music: Listening to relaxing music can help reduce stress and improve mood.
  • Hobbies: A hobby that you like can help reduce stress and distract you from your problems.
  • Therapy: A conversation with a therapist can help you learn to cope with stress and other problems.

3.4 Alternative treatment methods:

Some alternative treatment methods can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. These treatment methods include:

  • Acupuncture: Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine, which includes the introduction of thin needles into certain points on the body. Acupuncture can help reduce pain, stress and stress.
  • Massage: Massage can help reduce muscle tension and stress.
  • Biological feedback: Biological feedback is a method that allows you to learn how to control certain physiological functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure and muscle voltage. Biological feedback can help you learn to manage stress and reduce pain.
  • Phytotherapy: Some herbs can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. These herbs include:
    • White -haired
    • Pyrethrum
    • Ginger
    • Melatonin
    • Magnesium
    • Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
    • Coenzim q10

It is important to talk with your doctor before taking any herbs or supplements, as they can interact with medicines or have side effects.

3.5 Medicines:

In some cases, drugs may be necessary to control migraine. Migraines treatment are divided into two main categories:

  • Anesthetic drugs: These drugs are used to relieve pain during a migraine attack. Anesthetic drugs include:

    • Painkillers (for example, ibuprofen, inperksen)
    • Aspirin
    • Acetaminophen
    • TRIPTA (Naprimer, Sumatridan, Rizatantant, Elustypen)
    • Ergotamines (for example, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine)
    • Combined drugs (for example, acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine)
  • Preventive drugs: These drugs are used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Preventive drugs include:

    • Beta-blockers (for example, propranolol, metoprolol)
    • Calcium channel blockers (for example, verapamil)
    • Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptylin, Nectriptylin)
    • Anticonvulsants (for example, topiramate, valproat)
    • Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (for example, Erenumab, Galkanzumab, Fremanesumab, Eptinesumab)
    • Botulininic toxin (Botox)

The choice of medicine depends on the frequency and severity of your migraine attacks, as well as on other diseases that you have. It is important to talk with your doctor to determine which medicines are best for you.

Part 4: Advanced strategies – deeper in healing

While the basic migraine management strategies, such as changes in lifestyle and medicine, can be effective for many people, some people may need more advanced strategies to achieve a complete and final cure.

4.1 Identification and elimination of hidden triggers:

Despite the fact that the common migraines triggers are well known, some people may have hidden triggers that are not obvious. The identification and elimination of these hidden triggers can be crucial to achieve a complete cure.

  • Food intolerance: Food intolerance can cause inflammation and other symptoms that migraines can contribute. Testing for food intolerance can help determine the products that your migraine attacks can cause.
  • Nutrient deficiency: The deficiency of certain nutrients, such as magnesium, riboflavin and coenzyme Q10, can contribute to migraines. Blood tests can help determine the deficiency of nutrients that must be corrected.
  • Intestinal dysbiosis: Intestinal dysbiosis is an imbalance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestines. Intestinal dysbiosis can cause inflammation and other symptoms that migraines can contribute. Analysis of the stool can help determine the intestinal dysbiosis, which must be corrected.
  • Chronic infections: Chronic infections, such as lime and candidiasis, can cause inflammation and other symptoms that migraines can contribute. Blood tests and other tests can help identify chronic infections that need to be treated.
  • Ecological toxins: The influence of environmental toxins, such as heavy metals and pesticides, can cause inflammation and other symptoms that migraines can contribute. Testing on the influence of environmental toxins can help determine toxins that must be removed from your body.
  • Problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMS): Problems with the ITS can cause tension in the muscles of the head and neck, which can contribute to migraines. Dental examination can help determine the problems with the ITS that must be treated.
  • Vision problems: Incorrected vision problems can cause tension in the muscles of the eyes, which can contribute to migraines. Inspection of the optometrist can help determine vision problems that need to be fixed.

4.2 Neuroplasticity and renewal of the brain:

Migraine is a chronic disease that can change the structure and function of the brain. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to a new experience. Ruclewing of the brain can help restore the normal function of the brain and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): KPT is a type of therapy that helps people change their thoughts, feelings and behavior. KPT can help people with migraine learn to cope with pain, stress and anxiety.
  • Biological feedback: Biological feedback is a method that allows you to learn how to control certain physiological functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure and muscle voltage. Biological feedback can help you learn to manage stress and reduce pain.
  • Neuroterapia: Neurotherapy is a type of biological feedback that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor brain activity. Neurotherapy can help people with migraine learn to regulate the activity of their brain and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
  • Meditation of awareness: Meditation of awareness includes focusing attention on the present moment without condemning it. Meditation of awareness can help reduce stress, anxiety and depression, as well as change the methods of processing brain pain.
  • Exercise: Physical exercises can help improve mood, reduce stress and improve brain function.

4.3 Optimization of mitochondria function:

Mitochondria is organelles that are inside the cells and produce energy. It is believed that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of migraine. Optimization of the function of mitochondria can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

  • Coenzim q10: Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant that plays an important role in the function of mitochondria. Coenzyme supplements Q10 can help improve the function of mitochondria and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.
  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2): Riboflavin is necessary for the function of mitochondria. Riboflavin additives can help improve the function of mitochondria and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.
  • Magnesium: Magnesium is necessary for the function of mitochondria and energy production. Magnesium additives can help improve the function of mitochondria and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.
  • Alpha-lipoic acid: Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant that plays an important role in the function of mitochondria. Alpha-lipoic acid supplements can help improve the function of mitochondria and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.
  • Ketogenic diet: A ketogenic diet is a high fat diet, a moderate protein content and a very low carbohydrate content. Ketogenic diet can help improve the function of mitochondria and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

4.4 Restoration of hormonal balance:

Hormonal vibrations can cause migraine in women, especially during menstruation, pregnancy or menopause. Restoring hormonal balance can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

  • Oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives can help stabilize hormonal levels and reduce the frequency of menstrual migraine. However, oral contraceptives can also cause migraine in some women.
  • Hormone replacement therapy (ZGT): ZGT can help replenish hormones that are reduced during menopause. ZGT can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines in some women in menopause.
  • Bioidendic hormone therapy: Bioider hormone therapy uses hormones that are chemically identical to hormones produced by the body. Some women believe that bioidendic hormonal therapy is more effective and has less side effects than traditional ZGT.
  • Herbs and additives: Some herbs and additives can help to balance hormonal levels. These herbs and additives include:
    • Dudnik Chinese
    • Vitex sacred
    • Black Kokhosh
    • Trouble

It is important to talk with your doctor before taking any herbs or supplements, as they can interact with medicines or have side effects.

4.5 Individual approach:

It is important to remember that each person with migraine is unique. What works for one person may not work for another. The key to complete and final cure is the development of an individual treatment plan that takes into account your specific triggers, symptoms and needs.

  • Working with a doctor: It is important to work with a doctor who has the experience of treating migraine. The doctor can help you make an accurate diagnosis, develop a treatment plan and monitor your progress.
  • Keeping a headache diary: Keeping a headache diary can help you determine your specific triggers, symptoms and reactions to treatment.
  • Experiment: Do not be afraid to experiment with various strategies and treatment methods to find what works best for you.
  • Be patient: It may take time to find the correct combination of strategies and methods of treatment that work for you. Be patient and do not give up.
  • Be persistent: A complete and final cure of migraine requires time and effort. Be persistent in your efforts and do not give up.

Part 5: maintaining healing – long -term strategies

Achieving a state without migraine is an important milestone, but maintaining this state requires constant commitment to a lifestyle and strategies that contributed to your healing.

5.1 constant monitoring of triggers:

Even after reaching a state without migraine, it is important to continue to track potential triggers. Triggers can change over time, and what previously did not cause a headache may become a problem in the future.

  • Periodic keeping a headache diary: From time to time, resume keeping a headache diary to evaluate whether new triggers appeared or whether the old ones have intensified.
  • Awareness: Pay attention to any changes in your body, environment or lifestyle that may be associated with the return of migraine symptoms.
  • Adaptation: Be prepared to adapt your lifestyle and diet to avoid new triggers or cope with changes in your sensitivity.

5.2 Continuous support for lifestyle:

The lifestyle that helped you heal from migraine should become a constant part of your life.

  • Subsequence: Continue to adhere to a regular sleep regime, healthy food, physical exercises and stress management strategies.
  • Adaptation to changes: Life is full of changes, and it is important to adapt your migraine management strategies to new circumstances. For example, if you change the work, make sure you create an environment that does not cause migraine.
  • Adherence: Support for your health and well -being. Remember the advantages of life without migraine and use them as motivation.

5.3 Regular medical examinations:

Regular medical examinations with a doctor who have the experience of treating migraine are important for maintaining your health and preventing relapses.

  • Evaluation: Discuss with your doctor any changes in your health or lifestyle that can affect your migraine.
  • Monitoring: Conduct the necessary blood tests and other tests for monitoring a deficiency of nutrients, hormonal balance and other factors that migraine can contribute.
  • Updates: Get information about new treatment methods and migraine management strategies.

5.4 Creating a support network:

Life with migraine can be isolating. Creating a support network can help you deal with problems

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