Hormonal changes after 50: What to do

Introduction to the world of hormonal changes after half a century

Having crossed the line of 50 years, most people are faced with noticeable changes in their body. These transformations, often unexpected and sometimes unpleasant, are largely due to hormonal restructuring. Understanding these processes, their influence on well -being and possible correction methods are the key to maintaining health, energy and quality of life in adulthood. The article examines in detail the hormonal changes occurring in men and women after 50 years, their symptoms, diagnosis and modern treatment methods, focusing on an integrated approach, including lifestyle, nutrition, physical activity and, if necessary, drug therapy.

Hormonal changes in women after 50: menopause

The key hormonal event in a woman’s life after 50 years is menopause, or menopausa. This is a gradual process, covering the period from the first signs of hormonal changes to the complete cessation of menstruation (menopause). Menopausa is diagnosed retrospectively, after 12 months of lack of menstruation. Climax is not a disease, but a natural stage of aging of a female body associated with the extinction of ovarian function.

• Egging ovarian function: The ovaries gradually reduce the production of estrogens and progesterone, the main female sex hormones. This is due to a decrease in the number of functioning follicles (structures containing eggs). A decrease in estrogens causes a wide range of changes in the entire body.
• Phases of the menopause: Climax is divided into several phases:
  • Premenopause: The period preceding menopause is characterized by irregular menstruation, changes in their intensity and duration. The first symptoms of estrogen deficiency may appear.
  • Menopause: The last menstruation diagnosed after 12 months of its absence.
  • Postmenopause: The period after menopause, characterized by a stably low level of estrogen.

Climax symptoms: variety of manifestations

Climax symptoms are diverse and individual. Some women carry this period almost asymptomatic, while others experience significant discomfort that seriously affects the quality of life.

• Vasomotor symptoms:
  • Tucks: The feeling of sudden heat in the upper body, accompanied by redness of the skin of the face, neck and chest, sweating and rapid heartbeat. Tucks can occur several times a day, especially at night, breaking sleep.
  • Night sweating: Abundant sweating during sleep, often leading to insomnia and fatigue.
• Psycho -emotional symptoms:
  • Irritability: Increased excitability, temper, emotional lability.
  • Mood swings: The alternation of periods of sadness, apathy, anxiety and euphoria.
  • Depression: Sustainable mood decrease, loss of interest in life, sleep and appetite disturbances.
  • Insomnia: Difficulties with falling asleep, frequent night awakening, a sense of breakdown in the morning.
  • Libido decrease: Decrease in sex drive.
  • Problems with concentration and memory: Forgetfulness, absent -mindedness, difficulties with the performance of familiar tasks.
• Urogenital symptoms:
  • Dry vagina: Reducing the production of vaginal lubrication, leading to discomfort during intercourse and increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Far urination: Frequent urination, especially at night.
  • Urine incontinence: Involuntary urination with coughing, sneezing, laughter or physical activity.
  • Urinary tract infections: Increased susceptibility to cystitis and other urinary tract infections.
• Other symptoms:
  • Dry skin and hair: Reducing the production of collagen and elastin, leading to thinning and dry skin, wrinkles, hair loss.
  • Weight gain: Slow down metabolism and redistribution of adipose tissue.
  • Joint pain and muscles: Reducing bone density and changing cartilage.
  • Headaches: Headaches of stress or migraines.
  • Improving blood pressure: An increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Diagnosis of hormonal changes in women

Climax diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms and anamnesis. However, laboratory studies can be prescribed to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other diseases.

• Blood test for hormones:
  • FSG (follicle -stimulating hormone): The FSH level increases significantly during menopause, since the ovaries stop responding to its stimulation.
  • LH (luteinizing hormone): The level of LH also increases during menopause.
  • Estradiol (E2): The level of estradiol is significantly reduced during menopause.
  • Amg (Antimulllerov hormon): The AMG level decreases with age and reflects the ovarian reserve (the number of the remaining eggs).
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs: Allows you to evaluate the condition of the uterus and ovaries, to exclude other diseases.
• Dencitometry: Measurement of bones density to detect osteoporosis.
• Other research: Depending on the symptoms and anamnesis, other studies can be prescribed, such as a blood test for cholesterol, glucose, and thyroid hormones.

Hormonal therapy (ZGT): for and against

Hormonal therapy (ZGT) is a treatment method aimed at replenishing the deficiency of estrogen during menopause. ZGT can greatly facilitate the symptoms of menopause, improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of developing certain diseases.

• Advantages of the ZGT:
  • Relief of vasomotor symptoms: ZGT effectively eliminates the ebbs and night sweating.
  • Improving the psychoemotional state: ZGT can reduce irritability, mood swings, depression and insomnia.
  • Improving urogenital health: HRT eliminates the dryness of the vagina, reduces the frequency of urination and the risk of developing urinary tract infections.
  • Prevention of osteoporosis: ZGT slows down the loss of bone mass and reduces the risk of fractures.
  • Reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases: ZGT can have a positive effect on cholesterol and vascular function, especially with the beginning of therapy in the early period of menopause.
• The risks of ZGT:
  • Breast cancer: ZGT can slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially with prolonged use of combined drugs (estrogen and progesterone).
  • Endometry cancer: Astrogens only increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer in women with an intact uterus. Therefore, women with the uterus need to take combined drugs containing estrogen and progesterone.
  • Thromboembolic complications: ZGT can slightly increase the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.
  • Stroke: ZGT can slightly increase the risk of stroke.
  • Gallstone disease: ZGT can increase the risk of gallstone disease.
• Indications and contraindications to the ZGT:
  • Indications: The presence of pronounced symptoms of menopause that reduce the quality of life; early menopause (up to 45 years); Prevention of osteoporosis.
  • Contraindications: Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, a history of thromboembolic complications, liver diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, vaginal bleeding of unclear etiology.
• Types of ZGT:
  • Estrogens: Can be used in the form of tablets, patchings, gels, vaginal creams and candles.
  • Progesteron: They are used in combination with estrogen in women with intact uterus to protect the endometrium.
  • Combined drugs: Contain estrogen and progesterone in one tablet or patch.
  • Tuplian: A synthetic steroid drug with an estrogenic, progestagenic and androgenic effect.
• ZGT mode:
  • Cyclic mode: It is used in prenopause and early postmenopausa. Preparations are taken with interruption cycles, imitating a natural menstrual cycle.
  • Continuous mode: It is used in postmenopause. Preparations are taken daily without breaks.
• Choice of ZGT: The choice of the ZGT should be carried out individually by a gynecologist after a thorough examination and assessment of risks and advantages.

Alternative methods of treating menopause symptoms

In addition to HRT, there are alternative methods of treating menopause symptoms that can be useful for women who are contraindicated in the HRT or who prefer to avoid hormonal therapy.

• Phytoestrogens: Plant substances with a weak estrogenic effect. Contained in soy, red clover, linen and other plants. Phytoestrogens can alleviate the ebb and other symptoms of menopause, but their effectiveness is less pronounced than that of the HRT.
• Bad (biologically active additives): Some dietary supplements contain vitamins, minerals and other substances that can help alleviate the symptoms of menopause. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplements has not always been proven, and before their use it is necessary to consult a doctor.
• Acupuncture: The method of traditional Chinese medicine, which consists in influence on biologically active points on the body using needles. Acupuncture can help alleviate the ebb and other symptoms of menopause.
• Meditation and yoga: Relaxation methods that can help reduce stress, improve sleep and relieve psycho -emotional symptoms of menopause.
• Life change change:
  • Balanced nutrition: The use of products rich in calcium, vitamin D, fiber and antioxidants. Limiting the consumption of fatty, spicy, salty and sweet foods, caffeine and alcohol.
  • Regular physical activity: Exercises that strengthen the bones and muscles, such as walking, running, swimming, dancing, strength training.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight can aggravate the symptoms of menopause.
  • Refusal of smoking: Smoking worsens the symptoms of menopause and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis.
  • Sufficient sleep: It is important to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.
  • Stress management: It is important to learn how to cope with stress using meditation, yoga, breathing exercises or other relaxation methods.

Hormonal changes in men after 50: Andropauza

In men, after 50 years, hormonal changes also occur, although not as sharp and pronounced as in women. This process is called Andropauza, or male menopause. Andropauza is associated with a gradual decrease in the level of testosterone, the main male sex hormone.

• Dressing the level of testosterone: The level of testosterone begins to decline in men from about 30 years old, but after 50 years this decrease becomes more noticeable. A decrease in testosterone can lead to various symptoms affecting physical, mental and sexual health.

Symptoms of Andropause: Impact on different spheres of life

Symptoms of Andropauzes are diverse and can vary from man to man. Some men carry this period almost asymptomatic, while others experience significant discomfort.

• Sexual symptoms:
  • Libido decrease: Decrease in sex drive.
  • Erectile dysfunction: Difficulties with the achievement and maintenance of an erection.
  • Reducing the volume of ejaculate: Reducing the amount of sperm that is released during ejaculation.
• Physical symptoms:
  • Reducing muscle mass: Loss of muscle mass and strength.
  • Increase fat mass: Accumulation of fat, especially in the abdomen.
  • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and fatigue.
  • Reducing energy: Reducing activity and endurance.
  • Joint pain and muscles: Pain in the joints and muscles, especially after physical activity.
  • Reducing bone density: Increased risk of osteoporosis.
• Psycho -emotional symptoms:
  • Depression: Decreased mood, loss of interest in life, sleep and appetite.
  • Irritability: Increased excitability, temper, emotional lability.
  • Anxiety: Feeling anxiety and anxiety.
  • Problems with concentration and memory: Forgetfulness, absent -mindedness, difficulties with the performance of familiar tasks.
  • Insomnia: Difficulties with falling asleep, frequent night awakening, a sense of breakdown in the morning.

Diagnostics of Andropauza in men

Diagnosis of Andropauza is based on clinical symptoms and blood tests for testosterone levels.

• Blood test for hormones:
  • General testosterone: Measurement of the general level of testosterone in the blood. The low level of testosterone can indicate andropauza.
  • Free testosterone: Measuring the level of free testosterone, which is a biologically active form of the hormone.
  • LH (luteinizing hormone): Measurement of the level of LH, which stimulates the production of testosterone with testicles.
  • FSG (follicle -stimulating hormone): Measurement of the FSH level, which affects spermatogenesis.
  • Prolactin: Measurement of prolactin levels that can affect the level of testosterone.
  • Estradiol (E2): Measurement of estradiol levels, which can be increased in men with Andropause.
• Other research: Depending on the symptoms and anamnesis, other studies can be prescribed, such as a blood test for cholesterol, glucose, thyroid hormones, prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Testosterone-off-off therapy (TZT): Opportunities and risks

Testosterone-off-room therapy (TZT) is a treatment method aimed at replenishing the testosterone deficiency in men with andropause. TZT can greatly facilitate the symptoms of Andropauza, improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of developing certain diseases.

• Advantages of TZT:
  • Improving sexual function: TZT can increase libido, improve erectile function and increase the volume of ejaculate.
  • Increase in muscle mass: TZT can increase muscle mass and strength.
  • Reducing fat mass: TZT can reduce the fat mass, especially in the abdomen.
  • Energy increase: TZT can increase energy level and reduce fatigue.
  • Improving mood: TZT can reduce depression, irritability and anxiety.
  • Increase in bone density: TZT can slow down the loss of bone mass and reduce the risk of fractures.
• TZT risks:
  • Prostate cancer: TZT can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer. Before the start of the TZT, it is necessary to undergo an examination of the prostate gland, including an analysis for PSA and a finger rectal examination.
  • Benign prostate hyperplasia (DGPZH): TZT can aggravate the symptoms of DHPH.
  • Erythrocytosis: TZT can increase the level of red blood cells in the blood, which can increase the risk of thrombosis.
  • Acne: TZT can cause acne.
  • Gynecomastia: TZT can cause an increase in the mammary glands (gynecomastia).
  • Reduced fertility: TZT can suppress spermatogenesis and reduce fertility.
• Indications and contraindications to TZT:
  • Indications: The low level of testosterone, confirmed by laboratory, and the presence of pronounced symptoms of Andropauzes that reduce the quality of life.
  • Contraindications: Prostate cancer, breast cancer, erythrocytosis, severe heart failure, severe liver diseases.
• TKT types:
  • Testosterone injections: Testosterone injections are the most common TZT method.
  • Testosterone gels: Testosterone gels are applied to the skin and absorbed into the blood.
  • Plates of testosterone: The patchings of testosterone are glued to the skin and gradually release testosterone.
  • Testosterone tablets: Testosterone tablets are taken inside, but they are less effective than other forms of TZT.
• Monitoring TZT: During the TZT, it is necessary to regularly control the level of testosterone, dog, hemoglobin and other indicators.

Alternative methods for treating Andropauza symptoms

In addition to TZT, there are alternative methods for treating Andropauza symptoms that can be useful for men who are contraindicated in TZT or who prefer to avoid hormonal therapy.

• Life change change:
  • Balanced nutrition: The use of products rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Limiting the consumption of fatty, spicy, salty and sweet foods, caffeine and alcohol.
  • Regular physical activity: Exercises that strengthen muscles and bones, such as walking, running, swimming, dancing, strength training.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight: Excessive weight can aggravate the symptoms of andropause.
  • Refusal of smoking: Smoking worsens the symptoms of Andropauza and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
  • Sufficient sleep: It is important to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.
  • Stress management: It is important to learn how to cope with stress using meditation, yoga, breathing exercises or other relaxation methods.
• Bad (biologically active additives): Some dietary supplements contain vitamins, minerals and other substances that can help alleviate the symptoms of Andropauza. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplements has not always been proven, and before their use it is necessary to consult a doctor. For example, D-asparaginic acid, zinc, magnesium and vitamin D can have a positive effect on testosterone levels.
• Plant drugs: Some plant preparations, such as tribulus terrestrates and ginseng, can help improve libido and erectile function. However, the effectiveness of these drugs has not always been proven, and before their use it is necessary to consult a doctor.

General recommendations for maintaining health after 50 years

Regardless of gender, after 50 years it is especially important to follow the general recommendations to maintain health:

• Regular medical examinations: It is important to undergo regular medical examinations, including the measurement of blood pressure, blood test for cholesterol, glucose, thyroid hormones, dog (for men), mammography (for women), colonoscopy and other studies in accordance with the doctor’s recommendations.
• Vaccination: It is important to regularly undergo vaccination from influenza, pneumococcal infection, enclosing lichen and other infections.
• Psychological support: It is important to maintain social ties, do what you love, visit a psychologist, if necessary, and take care of your mental health.

Conclusion

Hormonal changes after 50 years are a natural process that can affect various aspects of life. Understanding these changes, their symptoms and possible correction methods is the key to maintaining health, energy and quality of life in adulthood. It is important to consult a doctor to obtain individual recommendations and develop a treatment plan, which best corresponds to your needs.