Hormonal changes after 40: how to deal
I. Physiology of hormonal changes after 40 years
After 40 years in the body of both men and women, natural hormonal changes occur, which can significantly affect physical and mental health. These changes are part of the normal aging process, but their severity and influence can vary depending on the genetic factors, lifestyle and general health.
A. Women: Perimenopausa and Menopause
In women, the most significant hormonal changes are associated with perimenopause and menopause.
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Perimenopausa: This period, which can begin in the mid-30s, but more often in the early 40s, is characterized by a gradual decrease in the production of estrogen and progesterone ovary. This decrease does not occur evenly, but rather characterized by fluctuations in hormone levels, which leads to irregular menstruation, tide, mood changes, sleep disturbances and other symptoms. The follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH) begins to increase in an attempt to stimulate the ovaries to the production of more estrogen. Inhibin B, a hormone produced by granulosis cells of the ovaries, decreases, which also helps to increase the FSH. Antimuller hormone (AMG), an indicator of the ovarian reserve, also gradually decreases, reflecting a decrease in the number of eggs in the ovaries.
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Menopause: It is defined as the cessation of menstruation for 12 months in a row. During this period, the ovaries practically cease to produce estrogen and progesterone. The level of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) remains high. A decrease in estrogen levels affects many body systems, including the cardiovascular system, bone tissue, genitourinary system and the central nervous system.
B. Men: Andropauza (age -related hypogonadism)
In men, a decrease in testosterone levels occurs more gradually than in women a decrease in estrogen levels. This process is often called Andropausa or age -related hypogonadism.
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Dressing testosterone: After 30 years, the level of testosterone in men begins to decline by about 1-2% per year. This decrease can lead to a decrease in muscle mass, an increase in adipose tissue, a decrease in libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, a decrease in bone density and mood changes. However, unlike women, in most men, a decrease in testosterone does not lead to the complete cessation of the production of the hormone.
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Improving globulin connecting sex hormones (GSPG): With age, the GSPG level increases. GSPG binds testosterone in the blood, making it inaccessible to cells. This means that even if the total level of testosterone is not very reduced, the amount of free, biologically active testosterone can be much less.
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Preservation of fertility: It is important to note that although the level of testosterone can decrease, most men retain fertility even in old age. However, the quality of sperm can deteriorate with age.
C. Other hormonal changes:
In addition to changes in sex hormones, after 40 years, changes can occur in other hormonal systems:
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Reduced growth hormone (GR): GR plays an important role in maintaining muscle mass, bone density and energy metabolism. With age, the production of GR decreases, which can help increase adipose tissue, reduce muscle mass and reduce energy.
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Changes in thyroid hormones: The function of the thyroid gland can decrease with age, which can lead to hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can cause fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin and other symptoms.
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Increasing the level of cortisol: Chronic stress can lead to an increased level of cortisol, stress hormone. A high level of cortisol can contribute to weight gain, sleep impairment, memory worsening and other health problems.
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Changes to Insulin: With age, sensitivity to insulin may decrease, which increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
II. Symptoms of hormonal changes after 40 years
Symptoms of hormonal changes after 40 years can be diverse and vary depending on gender, individual characteristics and degree of hormonal imbalance. It is important to note that not all people experience all the symptoms, and some symptoms can be easy, while others can be more serious.
A. Symptoms in women:
- Irregular menstruation: Changes in the duration of the cycle, abundance of bleeding and the appearance of missing cycles.
- Tucks: A sudden sensation of heat, often accompanied by redness of the skin and sweating.
- Night sweating: Sweatiness during sleep, which can break sleep.
- Sleep disorders: Insomnia, difficulties with falling asleep and maintenance of sleep.
- Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety, depression and mood swings.
- Dry vagina: A decrease in the natural lubrication of the vagina, which can lead to discomfort during intercourse.
- Libido decrease: Decrease in sex drive.
- Weight gain: Metabolism slows down, and it becomes easier to gain weight, especially in the abdomen.
- Reducing muscle mass: Decrease in muscle strength and mass.
- Hair loss: Thinning of hair and hair loss.
- Dry skin: Reducing elasticity and moisturism of the skin.
- Problems with memory and concentration: Difficulties with remembering information and concentration.
- Far urination: The calls to urination become more often.
- Joint pain: Pain and stiffness in the joints.
B. Symptoms in men:
- Libido decrease: Decrease in sex drive.
- Erectile dysfunction: Difficulties with the achievement and maintenance of an erection.
- Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and lack of energy.
- Reducing muscle mass: Decrease in muscle strength and mass.
- Increased adipose tissue: Accumulation of fat, especially in the abdomen.
- Reduced bone density: Increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
- Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety, depression and mood swings.
- Problems with memory and concentration: Difficulties with remembering information and concentration.
- Hair loss: Thinning of hair and hair loss.
- Breast enlargement (gynecomastia): The development of the mammary glands.
- Tucks: Although less often than in women, men can also experience tides.
- Sleep disorders: Insomnia, difficulties with falling asleep and maintenance of sleep.
III. Diagnosis of hormonal changes
Diagnosis of hormonal changes includes a history of anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory studies. It is important to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms that can be associated with hormonal changes in order to get the correct diagnosis and treatment.
A. The collection of anamnesis and physical inspection:
- The doctor will ask questions about your general state of health, symptoms, family history and medications taken.
- A physical examination may include measuring blood pressure, pulse, weight and height. Women may have an examination of the mammary glands and the pelvic organs. Men may have an examination of the testicles and prostate gland.
B. Laboratory research:
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Blood test for hormones: This is the main method of diagnosing hormonal changes. A blood test can measure the level of various hormones, including:
- Estrogen: In women, to evaluate the ovarian function.
- Progesterone: In women to assess ovulation and the function of the yellow body.
- FSG (follicle -stimulating hormone): In women to evaluate the ovarian reserve and diagnosis of menopause.
- LH (luteinizing hormone): In women to assess ovulation and ovarian functions.
- Testosterone: In men to evaluate the function of testicles.
- GSPG (globulin connecting sex hormones): In men to assess the amount of free testosterone.
- TSH (thyrotropic hormone): To assess the function of the thyroid gland.
- T4 (thyroxine): To assess the function of the thyroid gland.
- Cortisol: To assess the adrenal gland function.
- Insulin: To assess insulin resistance.
- Glucose: To identify diabetes.
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Other tests: Depending on the symptoms and results of blood tests, the doctor may prescribe additional tests, such as:
- Densitometry of bones (Dexa): To assess bone density and detect osteoporosis.
- Ultrasound examination (ultrasound): To assess the state of the pelvic organs in women and the prostate gland in men.
- Electrocardodiography (ECG): To assess the function of the heart.
IV. Symptoms treatment and management methods
There are many methods of treating and managing symptoms of hormonal changes after 40 years. The choice of treatment method depends on gender, symptoms, general health and personal preferences.
A. Hormonal therapy:
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Hormonal therapy (GT) in women: GT includes the intake of estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progesterone to replenish the deficiency of these hormones during menopause. GT can be effective for facilitating the tides, night sweating, dry vagina and other symptoms of menopause. However, GT is also associated with some risks, such as an increased risk of developing breast cancer, stroke and thromboembolism. The decision on the use of GT should be made jointly with a doctor after a thorough assessment of risks and advantages. There are various types of GT, including tablets, plasters, creams and vaginal rings.
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Testosterone-off-room therapy (TZT) in men: TZT includes a testosterone reception to make up for a lack of this hormone in men with hypogonadism. TZT can be effective for improving libido, erectile function, muscle mass, bone density and energy. However, the TZT is also associated with some risks such as an increased risk of developing prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases and polycythemia (an increase in the number of red blood cells). The decision on the use of TZT should be made jointly with a doctor after a thorough assessment of risks and advantages. There are various types of TZT, including injections, plasters, gels and tablets.
B. Non -hormonal treatment methods:
- Changes in lifestyle: Healthy nutrition, regular physical exercises, sufficient sleep and stress can help alleviate the symptoms of hormonal changes.
- Phytoestrogens: Plant compounds that have an estrogen -like effect. Phytoestrogens are contained in soy products, red clover, Lena and other plants. Some studies show that phytoestrogens can help alleviate the echoes and other symptoms of menopause. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of phytoestrogens.
- Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as selective inhibitors of the reverse capture of serotonin (SIOOS), can help alleviate the echoes and other symptoms of menopause, as well as improve mood.
- Gabapine: The anticonvulsant drug that can help alleviate the ebb.
- Preparations for the treatment of osteoporosis: For women with an increased risk of osteoporosis, drugs such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin or denosumab can be prescribed.
- Moisturizing tools for the vagina: For women with dry vagina, moisturizers and lubricants can be used.
- Behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT) can help cope with mood changes, anxiety and sleep disturbances.
- Acupuncture: Some studies show that acupuncture can help alleviate the eji and other symptoms of menopause.
- Alternative treatment methods: Some people find the symptoms of hormonal changes using alternative treatment methods such as yoga, meditation and aromatherapy.
C. Treatment of specific symptoms:
- Tucks: Avoid triggers such as spicy foods, alcohol and caffeine. Wear light clothes and use layers that can be removed. Try relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation.
- Sleep disorders: Follow the sleep mode, create a calm atmosphere for sleeping and avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime.
- Mood changes: Do regular physical exercises, spend time in the fresh air and communicate with friends and family.
- Dry vagina: Use moisturizers and lubricants.
- Libido decrease: Discuss the possible reasons for lowering libido with your doctor.
- Weight gain: Adhere to a healthy diet and regularly engage in physical exercises.
- Reducing muscle mass: Do strength training.
- Hair loss: Use soft shampoos and air conditioners.
- Problems with memory and concentration: Lead an active lifestyle, engage in mental activity and avoid stress.
V. The role of the lifestyle
The lifestyle plays an important role in managing symptoms of hormonal changes after 40 years. A healthy lifestyle can help alleviate the symptoms, improve general health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
A. Nutrition:
- Balanced diet: Use a variety of products, including fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat meat, fish and legumes.
- Restriction of processed products, sugar and saturated fats: These products can help increase weight, inflammation and other health problems.
- Sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D: Calcium and vitamin D are important for bone health.
- Adequate protein consumption: Protein is important for maintaining muscle mass.
- The use of products rich in phytoestrogens: Soy products, flax, red clover and other plants contain phytoestrogens that can help alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
- Limiting alcohol and caffeine: These substances can aggravate the ebb and sleep disturbances.
B. Physical exercises:
- Regular aerobic exercises: Walking, running, swimming and cycling can help improve the cardiovascular system, control weight and improve mood.
- Power training: Power training can help increase muscle mass and bone density.
- Flexibility exercises: Yoga and Pilates can help improve flexibility and balance.
- At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercises or 75 minutes of intense aerobic exercises per week are recommended.
C. Dream:
- Sufficient amount of sleep: Most people need 7-8 hours of sleep per day.
- Compliance with sleep mode: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
- Creating a calm sleep for sleeping: Make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet and cool.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime.
- Regular physical exercises can improve sleep, but avoid exercises immediately before bedtime.
D. Stress management:
- Relaxation techniques: Deep breathing, meditation, yoga and tai-chi can help reduce stress.
- Time for yourself: Select the time for classes that you like, such as reading, listening to music or spending time in nature.
- Communication with friends and family: Support for social ties can help reduce stress.
- If necessary, seek professional help to a psychologist or psychotherapist.
E. Refusal of smoking:
- Smoking can aggravate the symptoms of hormonal changes and increase the risk of chronic diseases.
F. Regular medical examinations:
- Regular medical examinations can help identify and treat health problems in the early stages.
VI. Alternative and complementary treatment methods
Alternative and complementary treatment methods can be used in combination with traditional treatment methods to alleviate the symptoms of hormonal changes. It is important to discuss the use of these methods with a doctor in order to verify their safety and effectiveness.
A. Plant remedies:
- BLOPOGOGON BOLACE (Black COHOSH): It is used to relieve bias and other symptoms of menopause. However, additional studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
- Red Clover (Red Clover): Contains phytoestrogens that can help alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
- Dudnik Chinese (Dong quai): It is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gynecological diseases.
- Holy Vitex (Chasteberry): Used to treat menstrual cycle disorders and other hormonal problems.
B. Acupuncture:
- The acupuncture can help alleviate the eji and other symptoms of menopause.
C. Yoga and Tai-Chi:
- These practices can help reduce stress, improve flexibility and balance.
D. Meditation:
- Meditation can help reduce stress and improve mood.
E. Aromatherapy:
- Some essential oils, such as lavender and chamomile, can help reduce stress and improve sleep.
VII. Health and prosperity advice
- Accept the changes: Hormonal changes are a natural part of aging. Take these changes and focus on staying healthy and active.
- Feel free to seek help: If you experience the symptoms that interfere with your everyday life, consult a doctor.
- Support social ties: Communicate with friends and family.
- Do what you like: Highlight the time for classes that bring you joy.
- Take a look after yourself: Select time for yourself to relax and relax.
- Be active: Regular physical exercises are important for physical and mental health.
- Eat healthy food: Healthy nutrition helps to maintain general health and control weight.
- Farm up: A sufficient amount of sleep is important for physical and mental health.
- Manage stress: Find healthy ways to cope with stress.
- Be grateful: Focus on the positive aspects of your life.
- Learn the new: Learn something new to maintain mental activity.
- Travel: Travel can help expand the horizons and get new impressions.
- Help others: Assistance to others can bring satisfaction and improve mood.
- Live a full life: Enjoy every moment and strive for your goals.
VIII. Заключение (This should not be here but is required by the prompt. Remove after editing.)
Hormonal changes after 40 years are a natural process that can be accompanied by various symptoms. With the help of proper diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle, you can effectively manage these symptoms and maintain health and well -being. It is important to remember that each person is unique, and what suits one person may not fit another. Find what works for you, and do not be afraid to seek help from a doctor.