Migraine: full recovery is real

Posted on by

Migraine: full recovery is real

I. Understanding migraines: behind the facet of headache

Migraine is not just a severe headache. This is a complex neurological disease characterized by attacks of intense pulsating pain, often accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), sound (phonophobia) and odors (osmophobia). Migraine has a significant impact on the quality of life, reducing performance, social activity and general well -being. Understanding migraine as a comprehensive state is the first step towards effective treatment and, more importantly, to complete recovery.

A. Types of migraines: classification and differentiation

There are several types of migraines, each of which has its own characteristics:

  1. Migraine without aura (ordinary migraine): The most common type characterized by a headache without previous neurological symptoms (auras). The pain is usually unilateral, pulsating and moderate or severe intensity.

  2. Migraine with aura (classic migraine): The attack of headaches is preceded by an aura – temporary neurological disorders, such as visual (flickering lights, zigzag lines, vision fields), sensory (numbness, tingling) or speech disorders. The aura usually lasts from 5 to 60 minutes and completely takes place before or simultaneously with the beginning of the headache.

  3. Chronic migraine: Headaches corresponding to migraine criteria occur 15 or more days a month for more than three months, and at least 8 days a month, headache corresponds to the criteria of migraine with or without aura. Chronic migraine is often associated with excessive use of painkillers.

  4. Migraine with an aura of brain stem (basic migraine): The aura includes the symptoms occurring from the brain stem, such as dizziness, double in the eyes, impaired coordination, dysarthria (speech impairment) and noise in the ears.

  5. Hemiplegic migraine: A rare type of migraine with an aura, characterized by weakness or paralysis of one side of the body (hemiplegia). It can be family (hereditary) or sporadic (by accident).

  6. Ophthalmoplegic migraine: A rare type of migraine, characterized by weakness of the muscles that control the movement of the eyes, which leads to double in the eyes and omission of the century.

  7. Abdominal migraine: It is more common in children, characterized by episodes of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, without headache or with minimal headache.

The differentiation of these types is important for choosing an adequate treatment strategy.

B. Migraine triggers: identification and avoidance

Migraine is often provoked by certain factors called triggers. Triggers are individual, and that which causes migraine in one person may not affect the other. The identification and avoidance of triggers is an important part of migraine management.

Distributed migraine triggers:

  1. Food triggers:

    • Alcohol: Especially red wine and beer.
    • Caffeine: Excessive use or sharp cessation of caffeine use.
    • Sustained cheeses: Contain tiramin.
    • Processed meat: Contains nitrates and nitrites.
    • Artificial sweeteners: Aspartam.
    • Glutamate sodium (MSG): Often contained in Chinese food and processed products.
    • Citrus: In some cases.
    • Chocolate: Contains phenylethylamine and caffeine.

  2. Environmental factors:

    • Bright light: Sunlight, fluorescent lighting.
    • Loud sounds: Noise, music.
    • Strong smells: Spirits, chemicals, smoke.
    • Weather changes: Projects of atmospheric pressure, heat, cold.

  3. Life lifestyle factors:

    • Stress: Mental and emotional stress.
    • Lack of sleep: Insufficient or excessive sleep.
    • Missed meals: Famine.
    • Dehydration: Insufficient fluid consumption.
    • Physical strain: Excessive physical activity.

  4. Hormonal factors:

    • Menstruation: Estrogen level fluctuations.
    • Pregnancy: In some women, migraine decreases during pregnancy, in others – intensifies.
    • Menopause: Hormone levels fluctuations.
    • Hormonal therapy: Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy.

  5. Other factors:

    • Some drugs: Vasodilators, nitrates.
    • Dehydration:
    • Changing time zones:
    • Head injuries:
    • Problems with teeth or jaw:

Keeping a headache diary can help identify individual triggers. Write down the date, time, duration, intensity and related symptoms of headache, as well as any potential triggers that could precede the attack.

C. Pathophysiology of migraines: What happens in the brain?

The pathophysiology of migraines is complicated and has not been fully studied, but it is known that several factors are involved in it:

  1. Trigeminal nervous system: It is believed that the activation of the trigeminal nervous system, the main nerve responsible for the sensitivity of the face, head and neck, plays a key role in the development of migraine. Activation of this system leads to the release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP (the gene-tied peptide of calcitonin), which cause inflammation and expansion of blood vessels in the brain, which leads to pain.

  2. The spreading depression of the bark: This is a wave of electrical activity, which slowly spreads through the cerebral cortex. It is believed that it underlies the aura under migraine with the aura. The spreading depression of the cortex can activate the trigeminal nervous system and contribute to the development of headaches.

  3. Brain trunk dysfunction: The brain trunk plays an important role in the processing of pain signals. Dysfunction of the brain stem can lead to increased sensitivity to pain and other symptoms of migraine.

  4. Genetic predisposition: Migraine is often hereditary, which indicates that genetic factors play a role in its development. Several genes associated with migraine are identified.

  5. Neurotransmitter: Changes in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, can also play a role in the development of migraine.

Understanding the pathophysiology of migraine allows you to develop more effective treatment methods aimed at specific mechanisms involved in the development of seizures.

II. Migraine treatment strategies: from alleviating symptoms to complete recovery

Migraine treatment is aimed at alleviating the symptoms during attacks (acute treatment) and at the prevention of attacks (preventive treatment). The goal is to reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of seizures, as well as improve the quality of life.

A. Acute treatment: relief of pain and concomitant symptoms

Acute treatment is used to stop migraine attacks at the time of their occurrence. The sooner the treatment begin, the more effective it is.

  1. Anesthetic drugs:

    • Right -up painkillers: Paracetamol (Acetaminophen), Ibuprofen, Neproxen. Effective for migrants of migraine.
    • TRIPTA: Constantin, risatriciptan, zolmitriptan, intrigripan, ethletriptan, frutitrippan, albripritan. Triptans are specific antimygrenous drugs that narrow the blood vessels in the brain and block the release of substances that cause inflammation. They are effective for moderate and strong migraine attacks.
    • Ergotamines: Ergotamine, dihydroergotamine. Ergotamines also narrow the blood vessels in the brain, but they have more side effects than triptans. They should be used with caution and only under the supervision of a doctor.
    • Lazetanditan: Selective agonist 5-HT1F receptors that does not cause narrowing of blood vessels.

  2. Anti -rate drugs: Metoclopramide, coolroperazin, domperidone. They are used to facilitate nausea and vomiting, often accompanying migraines.

  3. Combined drugs: They contain painkillers and anti -rate agents, as well as caffeine (for example, citimon).

  4. Dihydroergotamin (DGE): It can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly to quickly relieve strong migraine.

  5. Non -drug methods:

    • Rest in a dark, quiet place:
    • Cold compress on the forehead or neck:
    • Massage of the head and neck:
    • Survatory massage (acupressure):

It is important to remember that the frequent use of painkillers can lead to the development of headaches caused by excessive use of drugs (medicinal headache), which can worsen the course of migraine.

B. Preventive treatment: prevention of migraine attacks

Preventive treatment is used to reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of migraine attacks. It is recommended for people with frequent, strong or disabled migraine attacks, as well as those who do not respond to acute treatment or have contraindications to its use.

  1. Medicines:

    • Beta blockers: Propranolol, metoprolol, Atenolol. Used to reduce blood pressure and heart rate, which can help prevent migraine.
    • Antidepressants: Amititriptylin, NORTRIPTILIN (tricyclic antidepressants), Wenlafaxin (inhibitor of the reverse capture of serotonin and norepinephrine). These drugs can affect the level of neurotransmitters in the brain and reduce the migraine frequency.
    • Anticonvulsants: Topiramate, valproic acid, size. They are used to treat epilepsy, but are also effective for migraine prevention.
    • Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab, Freanzumab, Galkanzumab, Eptynesumab. These drugs block the effect of CGRP, neuropeptide, which plays a key role in the development of migraine. They are introduced subcutaneously or intravenously.
    • Hebotulinotoxin a (Botox): Used to treat chronic migraines. Introduced into the muscles of the head and neck.
    • Calcium channel blockers: Flunarizin.

  2. Nutricotics (food supplements):

    • Magnesium: It can help reduce the frequency of migraine.
    • Riboflavin (vitamin B2): It can help prevent migraine.
    • Coenzim q10: It can help reduce the frequency of migraine.
    • Melatonin: It can help improve sleep and reduce the migraine frequency.
    • White -skinnet extract: It has anti -inflammatory properties and can help prevent migraine.
    • Factory Grass (Pyrethrum girl):
    • Ginger:
    • Copper:
    • Potassium:

  3. Non -drug methods:

    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): Helps to learn how to cope with stress and other migraine triggers.
    • Biological feedback: It helps to learn how to control physiological functions, such as the heart rhythm and muscle tension, which can help reduce the frequency of migraine.
    • Acupuncture: It can help reduce the frequency of migraine.
    • Physiotherapy: It can help relieve tension in the muscles of the neck and shoulders, which can contribute to the occurrence of headaches.
    • Regular physical exercises:
    • Proper nutrition:
    • Sufficient sleep:
    • Stress management:
    • Avoiding triggers:

The choice of preventive treatment depends on the frequency, intensity and severity of migraine attacks, as well as on concomitant diseases and preferences of the patient. It is important to discuss all possible treatment options with a doctor.

C. Personalized approach: the key to complete recovery

The most effective treatment of migraines is a personalized approach that takes into account the individual characteristics of each patient. This includes:

  1. Thorough assessment: The collection of a detailed history, including information about the frequency, intensity, duration and concomitant symptoms of migraines, as well as about potential triggers and factors aggravating the condition.

  2. Identification of individual triggers: Keeping a headache diary can help identify specific triggers who launch migraine attacks.

  3. Development of an individual treatment plan: The treatment plan should include both acute and preventive treatment, as well as non -drug methods.

  4. Regular monitoring and adjustment: The effectiveness of treatment should be regularly evaluated and adjusted if necessary.

  5. Active participation of the patient: The patient must actively participate in the treatment process and work closely with his doctor.

III. New horizons in the treatment of migraines: innovation and hopes

The area of ​​treatment with migraine is constantly developing, new drugs and methods of treatment appear.

A. New drugs:

  1. General-tied peptide of calcitonin (CGRP) Antagonists: CGRP plays an important role in the development of migraine. CGRP antagonists, such as Ubrogeepant and Riemegepant, are small molecules that block the CGRP receptor and can be used for acute migraine treatment.

  2. Dietans: A new group of drugs selectively affecting 5-HT1F receptors, without narrowing of blood vessels.

B. Neuromodulation:

  1. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): The non -invasive method of brain stimulation, which can help reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks.

  2. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (SBN): The non -invasive method of stimulating the vagus nerve, which can help reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks.

  3. Penettlement stimulation (STO): The invasive method of stimulating the occipital nerve, which can help relieve chronic migraine.

C. Gene therapy:

Studies in the field of gene therapy are in the early stages, but they can offer potential methods for treating migraine by changing genes involved in the development of the disease.

IV. Life and migraine: influence and correction

The lifestyle plays an important role in managing migraines. A change in lifestyle can help reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of migraine attacks.

A. Nutrition:

  1. Regular nutrition: Passing meals can provoke migraines.
  2. Balanced diet: Include a lot of fruits, vegetables and whole grains in your diet.
  3. Restriction or exclusion of food triggers: Identify and avoid products that provoke your migraines.
  4. Sufficient fluid consumption: Dehydration can provoke migraines.
  5. Small meals: Avoid overeating that can be a trigger.

B. Dream:

  1. Regular sleep mode: Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends.
  2. Sufficient sleep: Most adults take from 7 to 8 hours of sleep per day.
  3. Comfortable conditions for sleep: Dark, quiet and cool room.
  4. Avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime:
  5. Relaxing practices before going to bed: Warm bath, reading, meditation.

C. Physical activity:

  1. Regular moderate exercises: Walking, swimming, cycling.
  2. Avoid excessive loads:
  3. Warm up before training:
  4. Stretching after training:
  5. Support the water balance:

D. Stress management:

  1. Determine the sources of stress:
  2. Study stress management techniques: Meditation, yoga, deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation.
  3. Highlight time for relaxation and entertainment:
  4. Support social ties:
  5. Turn to a psychologist or psychotherapist for help:

E. Other factors:

  1. Refusal of smoking:
  2. Alcohol use restriction:
  3. Avoidance of strong smells:
  4. Protection from bright light:
  5. Ergonomics of the workplace:

V. Alternative and additional methods for treating migraine

Many people with migraine use alternative and additional treatment methods to relieve symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. It is important to discuss any alternative methods of treatment with your doctor to make sure that they are safe and do not interact with other medicines.

A. acupuncture (acupuncture):

The acupuncture is a traditional Chinese practice in which thin needles are inserted into certain points on the body. Some studies have shown that acupuncture can help reduce the frequency of migraine.

B. Massage:

Massage can help alleviate tension in the muscles of the neck and shoulders, which can contribute to the occurrence of headaches.

C. Yoga:

Yoga combines physical exercises, breathing techniques and meditation. It can help reduce stress and stress, which can help reduce migraine frequency.

D. Biological feedback:

Biological feedback is a method that helps people learn to control physiological functions, such as heart rhythm and muscle stress. This can help reduce the migraine frequency.

E. Herbs and additives:

Some herbs and supplements, such as white -skinned extract, fever, grass and ginger, can help reduce the frequency of migraines. It is important to discuss the use of herbs and additives with your doctor, as they can interact with other drugs.

F. Homeopathy:

Some people with migraine use homeopathy to relieve symptoms. However, scientific evidence of the effectiveness of homeopathy is limited.

VI. Migraine in children and adolescents: features and treatment

Migraine is found in children and adolescents as often as in adults. However, migraines symptoms in children may differ from symptoms in adults. For example, in children there is more often an abdominal migraine, characterized by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

A. Diagnostics of migraine in children:

Diagnosis of migraine in children can be difficult, since children may not be able to accurately describe their symptoms. The doctor must carefully study the history of the child’s disease and conduct a physical examination in order to exclude other causes of headache.

B. Treatment of migraines in children:

Migraine treatment in children includes acute and preventive treatment. Acute treatment is aimed at alleviating the symptoms during an attack of migraine, and preventive treatment is aimed at reducing the frequency of seizures.

  1. Acute treatment:

    • Right -up painkillers: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen.
    • TRIPTA: Some triptans are approved for use by adolescents.
    • Anti -rate drugs: To facilitate nausea and vomiting.

  2. Preventive treatment:

    • Life change change: Regular sleep mode, proper nutrition, sufficient fluid intake, stress.
    • Medicines: Some drugs used to prevent migraine in adults can also be used in children.

VII. Migraine and pregnancy: special considerations

Migraine can affect pregnancy, and pregnancy can affect migraine. In some women, migraine decreases during pregnancy, in others – intensifies.

A. Safe treatment of migraines during pregnancy:

It is important to discuss safe migraine treatment options with your doctor if you are pregnant or planned. Some drugs used to treat migraines can be unsafe for pregnant women.

  1. Non -drug methods: Rest, cold compresses, massage, acupuncture.
  2. Limited use of drugs: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is considered relatively safe during pregnancy.

B. Migraine and breastfeeding:

Some drugs used to treat migraines can penetrate into breast milk. It is important to discuss safe treatment for migraine with your doctor if you breastfeed.

VIII. Life with migraine: strategies for overcoming and supporting

Life with migraine can be difficult, but there are strategies that can help you cope with this condition and improve the quality of life.

A. Development of overcoming skills:

  1. Stress management:
  2. Relaxation techniques:
  3. Positive thinking:
  4. Regular physical exercises:

B. Search for support:

  1. Communication with family and friends:
  2. Connection to the support group:
  3. Application for help to a psychologist or psychotherapist:

C. Training and Education:

  1. Learn more about migraines:
  2. Understand your triggers:
  3. Follow your condition:

IX. Myths and reality about migraine

There are many myths about migraines that can impede the effective treatment and management of this condition. It is important to separate myths and reality about migraine.

A. Myths:

  1. Migraine is just a severe headache.
  2. Migraine is a sign of weakness.
  3. Migraine can simply be endured.
  4. Migraine cannot be treated.
  5. Migraine is a female disease.

B. Reality:

  1. Migraine is a complex neurological disease.
  2. Migraine can have a significant impact on the quality of life.
  3. Migraine requires adequate treatment.
  4. Migraine is treated, and a significant improvement in the condition can be achieved.
  5. Migraine is found in both men and women.

X. Long -term prospect: Life without migraine

A complete recovery from migraine is an achievable goal. Thanks to modern methods of treatment, a change in lifestyle and the active participation of the patient, it is possible to significantly reduce the frequency, intensity and duration of migraine attacks, and in some cases even completely get rid of them. It is important to remember that the treatment of migraines is a long -term process that requires patience, perseverance and close cooperation with a doctor. With the right approach and support, you can live a full and happy life without migraine.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *