Bades: risks for certain population groups

Bades: risks for certain population groups

1. Pregnant and lactating women:

Pregnancy and lactation are periods of increased physiological stress on the woman’s body. The need for nutrients increases significantly, and many women experience temptation to fill the alleged deficits using biologically active additives (BAD). However, the uncontrolled use of dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding is associated with serious risks for both the mother and the child.

1.1. Risks associated with vitamin A:

High doses of retinol (vitamin A) during pregnancy are associated with congenital defects, including heart defects, central nervous system and urinary system. It is critical to follow the recommended daily doses, which are usually achieved by a balanced diet and the use of specialized vitamin-mineral complexes developed for pregnant women under the supervision of a doctor. Dietary supplements containing retinol in high doses, especially from the liver of animals or synthetic sources, should be avoided. Beta-carotene (predecessor of vitamin A) is considered safer, since the body converts it into retinol in the required amount.

1.2. Risks associated with folic acid:

Although folic acid is extremely important to prevent defects in the nerve tube in the fetus, excessive consumption of folic acid (especially synthetic form – folic acid) can mask vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency, in turn, can lead to irreversible neurological damage to both the mother and the child. Therefore, the dosage of folic acid should be agreed with the doctor, and it is necessary to control the level of vitamin B12, especially in women with a vegetarian or vegan diet.

1.3. RISKS ABOMENT ALLOUGE:

During pregnancy, the need for iron increases significantly to maintain the growth of the fetus and blood volume of the mother. However, excessive iron consumption can lead to constipation, nausea, vomiting and other digestive problems. More serious consequences include hemochromatosis (iron accumulation in organs) and an increased risk of gestational diabetes. Iron drug preparations should be carried out only as prescribed by the doctor and under the control of the level of ferritin and iron in the blood. It should be remembered that iron is better absorbed while taking vitamin C.

1.4. Calcium risks:

Calcium is necessary for the formation of the bones and teeth of the fetus. However, excess calcium consumption can lead to the formation of kidney stones in mother and hypercalcemia (increased calcium in the blood) in a newborn. In addition, an excess of calcium can disrupt the absorption of iron and zinc. The recommended dose of calcium should be obtained mainly from food sources, such as dairy products, green vegetables and enriched products. Calcium dietary supplement should be taken only on the recommendation of the doctor and under the control of the level of calcium in the blood.

1.5. Risks associated with iodine:

Iodine is necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland of the mother and the development of the brain. During pregnancy, iodine deficiency can lead to cretinism (delayed mental and physical development) in the child. However, an excess of iodine can also be dangerous by causing hypothyroidism (decrease in the function of the thyroid gland) or hyperthyroidism (increased function of the thyroid gland) in the mother and child. Therefore, the intake of dietary supplements with iodine should be carried out only as prescribed by the doctor and under the control of the TSH level (thyroid -stroke hormone).

1.6. Risks associated with herbal additives:

Many herbal additives are considered “natural” and safe, but this is not always the case. Many herbs contain active substances that can have an adverse effect on pregnancy. For example, ginseng can increase the risk of bleeding, echinacea can cause allergic reactions, and chamomile can have an abortive effect. Therefore, pregnant and lactating women should avoid taking any herbal additives without prior consultation with a doctor.

1.7. Risks associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3):

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) are important for the development of the brain and vision of the fetus. However, high doses of Omega-3 can increase the risk of bleeding, especially when taking anticoagulants or aspirin. In addition, some Omega-3 additives may contain mercury and other heavy metals. Therefore, pregnant and lactating women should choose high-quality Omega-3 additives that have been cleaned of heavy metals and observe the recommended doses.

1.8. General recommendations for pregnant and nursing women:

• Consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.
• Do not exceed the recommended doses of vitamins and minerals.
• Choose specialized vitamin-mineral complexes designed for pregnant women.
• Avoid taking herbal additives without prior consultation with a doctor.
• Buy dietary supplements only from reliable manufacturers.
• Carefully read the composition and contraindications.
• Tell the doctor about all the dietary supplements.

2. Children and adolescents:

The growing organism of the child and adolescent is especially vulnerable to the effects of harmful substances contained in some dietary supplements. Incorrect use of dietary supplements can lead to serious health problems, including developmental disorders, hormonal malfunctions and toxic reactions.

2.1. Risks associated with vitamin-mineral additives:

Despite the importance of vitamins and minerals for growth and development, an overdose can be dangerous. For example, an excess of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia and kidney damage. Excessive iron consumption can cause poisoning and liver damage. Therefore, children and adolescents should take vitamin-mineral additives only as prescribed by the doctor and in the recommended doses. Do not rely on popular chewing vitamins in the form of sweets, as they often contain a large amount of sugar and artificial dyes.

2.2. Risks associated with additives to increase sports results:

Many adolescents seek to improve their sporting results and resort to the help of various additives, such as creatine, protein cocktails and energy. However, these additives can be dangerous for the growing organism. Creatine can cause dehydration and kidney problems. Protein cocktails can overload the liver and kidneys. Power engineers often contain a large amount of caffeine and other stimulants that can lead to heart rhythm, anxiety and insomnia. The reception of such additives should be strictly controlled and carried out only on the recommendation of a sports doctor or nutritionist.

2.3. Risks associated with additives for weight loss:

The problem of excess weight is relevant for children and adolescents. However, the use of additives for weight loss, especially without a doctor’s control, can be extremely dangerous. Many such additives contain stimulants, laxatives and diuretics, which can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disorders and digestive problems. Some additives may contain prohibited substances that can have a negative effect on health. Reception of additives for weight loss by children and adolescents should be strictly prohibited, and the solution of the problem of excess weight should be carried out under the control of a doctor and nutritionist using a balanced diet and physical exercises.

2.4. Risks associated with herbal additives:

As for pregnant women, herbal additives can be dangerous for children and adolescents. Some herbs can cause allergic reactions, others can interact with drugs, and others may contain toxic substances. For example, St. John’s wort can interact with antidepressants and contraceptives. Ginkgo bilobe can increase the risk of bleeding. Echinacea can cause allergic reactions. Therefore, children and adolescents should avoid taking any herbal additives without prior consultation with a doctor.

2.5. Risks associated with additives to improve cognitive functions:

In recent years, additives that allegedly improve memory, attention and concentration have gained popularity. However, the effectiveness and safety of many such additives has not been proven. Some additives may contain stimulants that can cause anxiety, insomnia and other side effects. In addition, such additives can create a false sense of self -confidence and reduce motivation for study. The use of such additives by children and adolescents is not recommended.

2.6. General recommendations for children and adolescents:

• Do not give children and adolescents a dietary supplement without a doctor’s appointment.
• Carefully read the composition and contraindications.
• Do not exceed the recommended doses.
• Pay attention to possible side effects.
• Encourage a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.
• Discuss with the doctor any issues related to the health and nutrition of the child.

3. Older people:

With age, the body undergoes many changes that make older people more vulnerable to drugs and dietary supplies. Reducing the function of the kidneys and liver, a change in metabolism, polyfarmation (taking many drugs at the same time) – all this increases the risk of side effects and interactions.

3.1. Risks associated with the interaction of dietary supplements and drugs:

Older people often take several drugs at the same time, which increases the risk of interaction between drugs and dietary supplements. For example, St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants, anticoagulants and contraceptives. Vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulants such as warfarin. Grapefruit juice can enhance or weaken the effect of many drugs. Therefore, older people need to inform the doctor about all the medications and dietary supplements in order to avoid undesirable interactions.

3.2. Risks associated with vitamin D and calcium:

Vitamin D and calcium are important for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis. However, excess calcium consumption can lead to the formation of stones in the kidneys and cardiovascular diseases. High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia and other side effects. Therefore, the intake of vitamin D and calcium should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor and taking into account individual needs.

3.3. Risks associated with antioxidants:

Antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium, are considered useful for health and protection against free radicals. However, high doses of antioxidants can be harmful, especially for people with certain diseases. For example, high doses of vitamin E can increase the risk of bleeding. High doses of beta-carotene can increase the risk of lung cancer among smokers. Therefore, taking antioxidants should be carried out with caution and under the control of a doctor.

3.4. Risks associated with additives to improve memory:

Many elderly people are looking for ways to improve their memory and cognitive functions. However, the effectiveness and safety of many additives to improve memory has not been proven. Some additives may contain stimulants that can cause anxiety, insomnia and other side effects. In addition, such additives can interact with medicines that are taken by older people. Therefore, the use of such additives with older people is not recommended.

3.5. Risks associated with herbal additives:

As for other population groups, herbal additives can be dangerous for the elderly. Many herbs can interact with drugs taken by older people. Some herbs can cause allergic reactions. Other herbs may contain toxic substances. Therefore, older people should avoid taking any herbal additives without prior consultation with a doctor.

3.6. General recommendations for the elderly:

• Consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.
• Tell the doctor about all the medications and dietary supplements.
• Carefully read the composition and contraindications.
• Do not exceed the recommended doses.
• Pay attention to possible side effects.
• Be careful with herbal additives.
• Buy dietary supplements only from reliable manufacturers.
• Discuss any health and nutrition issues with your doctor.

4. People with chronic diseases:

People with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, kidney and liver diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases, are especially vulnerable to dietary supplies. Many dietary supplements can interact with the drugs that they take, aggravate the symptoms of the disease or have a negative effect on their health.

4.1. Diabetes:

People with diabetes should be especially careful when taking dietary supplements, since many additives can affect blood sugar and interact with diabetes. For example, chrome, cinnamon and ginseng can reduce blood sugar, which can lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when taking insulin or other sugar -free drugs. On the other hand, some additives, such as niacin, can increase blood sugar. Therefore, people with diabetes need to control the level of blood sugar when taking any dietary supplement and consult a doctor before using them.

4.2. Cardiovascular diseases:

People with cardiovascular diseases should be careful when taking dietary supplements, as some additives can affect blood pressure, blood coagulation and heart rhythm. For example, caffeine and ephedra can increase blood pressure and heart rhythm, which can be dangerous for people with hypertension or arrhythmia. Vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulants such as warfarin. Omega-3 fatty acids in high doses can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, people with cardiovascular diseases need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.

4.3. Kidney diseases:

People with kidney diseases should be especially careful when taking dietary supplements, since their kidneys may not be able to effectively remove excess vitamins and minerals from the body, which can lead to toxic effects. For example, an excess of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia and kidney damage. High doses of vitamin C can lead to the formation of kidney stones. Some herbal additives can have a nephrotoxic effect (damage to the kidneys). Therefore, people with kidney diseases need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements.

4.4. Liver diseases:

People with liver diseases should be careful when taking dietary supplements, since their liver may not be able to effectively metabolize some additives, which can lead to hepatotoxic effects (liver damage). Some herbal additives, such as tissue and chaparaal, are known for their hepatotoxic properties. High doses of vitamin A can have a toxic effect on the liver. Therefore, people with liver diseases need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.

4.5. Cancer:

People with cancer should be careful when taking dietary supplements, as some additives can interact with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, reduce their effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. For example, antioxidants in high doses can reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy. St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Some herbal additives can interact with cancer drugs. Therefore, people with cancer need to consult with an oncologist before taking any dietary supplements.

4.6. Autoimmune diseases:

People with autoimmune diseases should be careful when taking dietary supplements, as some additives can stimulate the immune system and aggravate the symptoms of the disease. For example, echinacea can stimulate the immune system and aggravate the symptoms of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Some herbal additives can interact with immunosuppressants. Therefore, people with autoimmune diseases need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.

4.7. General recommendations for people with chronic diseases:

• Consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.
• Tell the doctor about all the medications and dietary supplements.
• Carefully read the composition and contraindications.
• Do not exceed the recommended doses.
• Pay attention to possible side effects.
• Be careful with herbal additives.
• Buy dietary supplements only from reliable manufacturers.
• Discuss any health and nutrition issues with your doctor.

5. People with allergies and sensitivity:

People with allergies and sensitivity to various substances should be especially attentive when choosing dietary supplements, since many additives may contain allergens or substances that cause reactions in sensitive people.

5.1. Allergens:

Many dietary supplements can contain allergens such as gluten, lactose, soy, nuts, mollusks and others. People with allergies for these substances should carefully read the composition of dietary supplements and avoid taking additives containing allergens. It is important to pay attention to hidden sources of allergens, such as binders, fillers and dyes.

5.2. Sensitivity to additives:

Some people can be sensitive to certain additives, even if they do not have allergies to them. For example, some people may experience side effects from taking additives containing caffeine, such as anxiety, insomnia and rapid heartbeat. Other people can be sensitive to additives containing artificial dyes, flavors or preservatives. Therefore, people with sensitivity to various substances need to carefully monitor their dietary supplements and stop taking additives that cause side effects.

5.3. Herbal allergies:

Some people may have allergies to certain herbs. People with a well -known allergy to certain plants, such as ragweed or wormwood, should be careful when taking dietary supplements containing herbs from the same family. In addition, some herbs can cause cross allergic reactions with other plants.

5.4. General recommendations for people with allergies and sensitivity:

• Read the composition of dietary supplements carefully.
• Look for information about allergens on the package.
• Avoid taking dietary supplements containing allergens known to you.
• Start taking dietary supplements with small doses to evaluate your tolerance.
• Stop taking dietary supplements if you have allergic reactions or side effects.
• Consult a doctor or an allergist if you have questions or concerns.

6. People planning operations:

People planning operations should be especially careful when taking dietary supplements, as some additives can increase the risk of bleeding, interact with anesthesia or influence wound healing.

6.1. The risks of bleeding:

Some dietary supplements can increase the risk of bleeding, especially when taking anticoagulants or anti -signs. Such additives include:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (in high doses)
• Vitamin E (in high doses)
• Ginkgo biloba
• Ginseng
• Garlic
• Ginger

People planning operations are recommended to stop taking these additives at least 1-2 weeks before surgery.

6.2. Interaction with anesthesia:

Some dietary supplements can interact with anesthesia and influence its effectiveness or safety. For example, St. John’s wort can interact with some anesthetics. Therefore, people planning operations need to inform the anesthetist about all dietary supplements they are taking.

6.3. Influence on wound healing:

Some dietary supplements can affect wound healing. For example, high doses of vitamin C can contribute to healing of wounds, and zinc deficiency can slow down the healing of wounds. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a doctor about the need to take vitamins and minerals to improve wound healing.

6.4. General recommendations for people planning operations:

• Tell the doctor and an anesthetist about all your dietary supplements.
• Stop taking additives that increase the risk of bleeding, at least 1-2 weeks before surgery.
• Discuss with the doctor the need to take vitamins and minerals to improve wound healing.
• Follow the doctor’s recommendations for nutrition and preparation for the operation.

In conclusion, it is important to emphasize that dietary supplements are not medicines and should not be used to treat or prevent diseases. Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor and make sure their safety and necessity. It is especially important to be careful when taking dietary supplements to people who are in risk groups such as pregnant and nursing women, children and adolescents, elderly people and people with chronic diseases. A responsible attitude to your health and informed choice will help to avoid undesirable consequences and maintain health.