Diet for improving digestion

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Article: dietary supplement to improve digestion

Section 1: understanding of digestion and its importance

  1. What is digestion? (3000 words)

    • Digestion is a complex process by which the body breaks out food into smaller components in order to absorb the nutrients necessary to maintain life. This process includes mechanical and chemical stages.
    • Mechanical digestion: Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth, where the food is crushed by the teeth. Peristalsis, wave -like contractions of the muscles of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, also contributes to the mechanical splitting of food and its advancement along the digestive tract.
    • Chemical digestion: Chemical digestion includes the effects of enzymes, acids and other chemicals on food. These substances break down complex molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats, to simpler ones that can be learned by the body.

  2. The organs of the digestive system and their functions. (5000 words)

    • Mouth: The starting point of digestion. Here, the food is chopped with teeth and mixed with saliva containing an amylase enzyme that begins to split carbohydrates.
    • Esophagus: The tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Peristaltic contractions pushes food into the stomach.
    • Stomach: The muscular organ, where the food is mixed with gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin enzyme. Solic acid helps denature proteins and kills bacteria, and Pepsin breaks down the proteins into peptides.
    • Small intestine: The main place of digestion and absorption of nutrients. The small intestine consists of three departments: duodenum, spinning intestine and ileum. In the duodenum, food breaks down under the influence of enzymes of the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. In the skinny and iliac intestes, nutrients are absorbed through the villi and microseins that increase the suction surface.
    • Pancreas: It produces the enzymes necessary for digesting carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as sodium bicarbonate, which neutralizes acidic gastric juice.
    • Liver: It produces bile, which emulsifies fats, facilitating their digestion and absorption.
    • Gall bladder: It stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver.
    • Bulshose intestines: In the large intestine, water and electrolytes are absorbed. Bacteria inhabiting the large intestine ferment the undigested food residues, forming vitamins and short -chain fatty acids. Digestion waste is excreted from the body in the form of feces.
    • REAME Testament and Anus: The final departments of the digestive system responsible for the storage and excretion of feces.

  3. The importance of healthy digestion for general health. (2000 words)

    • Healthy digestion is necessary to provide the body with the necessary nutrients. Insufficient digestion and absorption of nutrients can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and minerals, which negatively affects the general state of health.
    • Digestive disorders can lead to various symptoms such as bloating, gases, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn and abdominal pain. These symptoms can significantly worsen the quality of life.
    • Healthy digestion plays an important role in maintaining immunity. Most of the immune system is in the intestines, and healthy intestinal microflora helps to protect the body from pathogenic microorganisms.
    • Intestinal microflora affects mental health. Violations in the composition of intestinal microflora can be associated with the development of depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. The axis “intestines-mozg” provides a bilateral connection between the intestines and the brain.
    • Chronic diseases of the digestive system, such as intestinal inflammatory diseases (BCC), irritable intestine (SRK) and celiac disease, can significantly worsen the quality of life and increase the risk of other diseases.

Section 2: Reasons for digestive disorders

  1. Important nutrition and its effect on digestion. (5000 words)

    • Lack of fiber: Fiber is necessary for the normal functioning of the intestine. It increases the volume of feces, facilitates their passage through the intestines and promotes regular emptying. The lack of fiber in the diet can lead to constipation.
    • Excess of fatty foods: Fatty food can slow down the digestion process and cause discomfort in the abdomen. It can also contribute to the development of heartburn and other symptoms of dyspepsia.
    • Overeating: Overflow overloads the digestive system and can lead to bloating, gases and other unpleasant symptoms.
    • Lack of water: Water is necessary to maintain normal intestines. The lack of water can lead to constipation.
    • The use of processed products: Processed products often contain little fiber and a lot of sugar and fat, which can negatively affect digestion.
    • Food intolerance and allergies: Food intolerance and allergies can cause various symptoms, such as bloating, gases, diarrhea, skin rashes and headaches. The most common food intolerance include intolerance to lactose and gluten.
    • Alcohol and caffeine: Excessive consumption of alcohol and caffeine can irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, causing heartburn, gastritis and other digestive problems.
    • Irregular nutrition: Unregular nutrition can disrupt the normal operation of the digestive system.

  2. Stress and its influence on digestion. (3000 words)

    • Stress can have a negative effect on digestion, causing various symptoms, such as bloating, gases, constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain. The axis of the “intestines-MOZG” plays an important role in connection between stress and digestion.
    • Influence on intestinal motility: Stress can affect the intestinal motility, slowing or accelerating it. Slowing motility can lead to constipation, and acceleration to diarrhea.
    • The effect on the production of gastric juice: Stress can increase the production of gastric juice, which can lead to heartburn and gastritis.
    • Influence on the intestinal microflora: Stress can change the composition of intestinal microflora, which can negatively affect immunity and general health.
    • Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): Stress is one of the main factors provoking the symptoms of SRK.

  3. Medical conditions affecting digestion. (5000 words)

    • Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): Functional intestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, gas, constipation and/or diarrhea. The causes of the IBS have not been fully studied, but it is believed that stress, impaired intestinal motility and a change in the composition of intestinal microflora play an important role.
    • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): A group of diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The APC is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which leads to abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and other symptoms.
    • Celiacia: Autoimmune disease, in which the use of gluten (protein contained in wheat, rye and barley) causes damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine.
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERB): The condition in which gastric juice is thrown into the esophagus, causing heartburn, belching and other symptoms.
    • Diverticulitis: Inflammation of diverticulums (small protrusions) in the wall of the large intestine.
    • Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, which can violate the production of enzymes necessary for digestion of food.
    • Gallstone disease: The formation of stones in the gall bladder, which can block the bile ducts and disrupt the digestion of fats.
    • Lactase deficiency: The inability to digest lactose (sugar contained in milk), which leads to bloating, gases and diarrhea after eating dairy products.
    • Constipation: Difficult or infrequent intestinal emptying. Constipation can be caused by various factors, such as a lack of fiber, lack of water, stress, a sedentary lifestyle and some drugs.
    • Diarrhea: Frequent liquid chair. Diarye can be caused by various factors, such as infections, food poisoning, drugs and digestive system disease.

  4. Digestive drugs affecting digestion. (2000 words)

    • Antibiotics: Antibiotics can disrupt the composition of intestinal microflora, killing both harmful and beneficial bacteria. This can lead to diarrhea, bloating and other digestive problems.
    • Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs can irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, causing gastritis, ulcer and bleeding.
    • Opiates: Opiates can slow down the intestinal motility, which leads to constipation.
    • Antacids: Antacids neutralize gastric acid, which can disrupt the digestion of proteins and absorption of some minerals.
    • Proton pump inhibitors (IPP): IPP reduce the production of gastric acid, which can violate the digestion of proteins and absorption of some minerals, as well as increase the risk of intestinal infections.
    • Laxatives: Excessive use of laxatives can lead to dependence and violation of the normal functioning of the intestine.
    • Metformin: The drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which can cause diarrhea in some people.

Section 3: Dietary Bades to improve digestion: review and classification

  1. What are dietary supplements and how do they work? (2000 words)

    • Bades (biologically active additives) are concentrates of biologically active substances designed to eat along with food or inclusion in food products. They are not drugs and are designed to maintain health and improve the functional state of the body.
    • Dietary supplies mechanisms: The mechanisms of the action of dietary supplements can be different, depending on their composition. Some dietary supplements contain enzymes that help digest food. Other dietary supplements contain probiotics that support healthy intestinal microflora. Third dietary supplements contain plant extracts that have anti -inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
    • Bad regulation: Dietary supplement regulation differs in different countries. In Russia, dietary supplements are subject to state registration and quality control. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of their products.

  2. Classification of dietary supplement to improve digestion. (3000 words)

    • Enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions in the body. Digestive enzymes help to break down food into smaller components that can be learned by the body.
      • Amylase: He breaks down carbohydrates.
      • Proteas: It breaks down proteins.
      • Lipase: He breaks down the fats.
      • Lactase: It breaks down lactose.
      • Cellulase: It breaks down cellulose (fiber).
      • Bromelain: Proteolithic enzyme contained in pineapple.
      • Papain: The proteolytic enzyme contained in Papaya.
    • Probiotics: Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when used in sufficient quantities, have a beneficial effect on the health of the owner. They help maintain healthy intestinal microflora, improve digestion and strengthen immunity.
      • Lactobacillus: Various types of Lactobacillus, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus casei.
      • Bifidobacterium: Various types of Bifidobacterium, such as Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bifidobacterium Longum and Bifidobacterium Lactis.
      • Saccharomyces boulardii: Nepatogenic yeast that help prevent and treat diarrhea caused by antibiotics.
    • Prebiotics: Prebiotics are substances that are not digested in the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented in the large intestine, stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria.
      • Inulin: Soluble fiber contained in onions, garlic, chicory and other plants.
      • Frictoligosaccharides (phos): Soluble fiber contained in various fruits and vegetables.
      • Galactooligosaccharides (state): Soluble fiber obtained from lactose.
    • Plant remedies: Many plants have properties that can improve digestion.
      • Peppermint: Relaxes the muscles of the digestive tract and helps to alleviate the bloating of the abdomen and gases.
      • Ginger: It stimulates the production of gastric juice and helps to alleviate nausea and vomiting.
      • Chamomile: It has anti -inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, helps relieve abdominal pain and relax the intestines.
      • Artichoke: It stimulates the production of bile and helps to improve fat digestion.
      • Turmeric: It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
      • Milk thistle: Supports the function of the liver and gall bladder.
    • Fiber: Fiber increases the volume of feces, facilitates their passage through the intestines and promotes regular emptying.
      • Psillium: Soluble fiber obtained from plantain seeds.
      • Oat bran: Soluble fiber obtained from oats.
      • Flax-seed: Contains soluble and insoluble fiber, as well as omega-3 fatty acids.
    • Other dietary supplements:
      • Glutamine: An amino acid that plays an important role in maintaining the health of the intestinal mucosa.
      • Betain hydrochloride: Helps increase the acidity of gastric juice, which can improve protein digestion.

Section 4: a detailed review of specific dietary supplements to improve digestion

  1. Enzymes: types, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications. (8000 words)

    • Types of enzyme preparations: Enzymes may contain one or more digestive enzymes. They can be animal, plant or microbial origin.
      • Pancreatin: Contains amylase, protease and lipase. Received from the pancreas of animals. It is indicated with insufficiency of the function of the pancreas, cystic fibrosis and other diseases, accompanied by a violation of digestion of food.
      • Combined enzyme drugs: They contain several enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulose and lactase. They may also contain bile acids. They are indicated for various digestive disorders associated with insufficient production of enzymes or violation of the suction of nutrients.
      • Plant enzymes: They contain enzymes of plant origin, such as Bromelein and Papain. They have a proteolytic effect and can help improve protein digestion.
      • Lactase: Contains the enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose. It is indicated with lactase deficiency.
    • The mechanism of action: Enzymes help to break down food into smaller components that can be learned by the body. They make up for the lack of their own enzymes.
    • Indications:
      • Pancreatic deficiency insufficiency (chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic resection).
      • Violation of the absorption of nutrients (malabsorption syndrome).
      • Lactase deficiency.
      • Dyspepsia (bloating, gases, abdominal pain, nausea).
      • Preparation for an X -ray or ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.
    • Contraindications:
      • Acute pancreatitis.
      • Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis.
      • Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
    • Side effects: In rare cases, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, allergic reactions can be observed.
    • Important comments: Enzyme drugs should be taken during meals so that they can effectively split food. The dosage of enzyme preparations depends on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.

  2. Probiotics: types, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications. (8000 words)

    • Types of probiotics: Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when used in sufficient quantities, have a beneficial effect on the health of the owner. The most common types of probiotics:
      • Lactobacillus:
        • Lactobacillus acidophilus: helps to maintain healthy intestinal microflora, improves lactose digestion, and strengthens immunity.
        • Lactobacillus rhamnosus: prevents and treats diarrhea caused by antibiotics, strengthens immunity.
        • Lactobacillus Casei: improves digestion, strengthens immunity, has anti -inflammatory properties.
      • Bifidobacterium:
        • Bifidobacterium Bifidum: helps to maintain healthy intestinal microflora, improves digestion, strengthens immunity.
        • Bifidobacterium Longum: improves digestion, strengthens immunity, has anti -allergic properties.
        • Bifidobacterium lactis: improves digestion, strengthens immunity, has anti -inflammatory properties.
      • Saccharomyces boulardii: Nepatogenic yeast that help prevent and treat diarrhea caused by antibiotics.
    • The mechanism of action: Probiotics have a beneficial effect on the health of the owner, improving the composition of intestinal microflora, strengthening immunity and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms.
      • Competition with pathogenic microorganisms: Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for nutrients and the place of attachment to the intestinal mucosa.
      • Development of antimicrobials: Probiotics produce antimicrobials that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
      • Strengthening the intestinal barrier: Probiotics strengthen the intestinal barrier, preventing the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins into the blood.
      • The stimulation of the immune system: Probiotics stimulate the immune system, increasing the production of antibodies and activating immune cells.
    • Indications:
      • Diarrhea (caused by antibiotics, infections, food poisoning).
      • Irritable bowel syndrome (SRK).
      • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC).
      • Allergies.
      • Strengthening immunity.
      • After taking antibiotics.
    • Contraindications:
      • Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
      • Severe immunodeficiency.
    • Side effects: In rare cases, bloating, gases, abdominal pain may be observed.
    • Important comments: Probiotics should be taken in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. It is important to choose probiotics containing viable microorganisms in sufficient quantities. Probiotics should be stored in the refrigerator in order to maintain their vitality.

  3. Prebiotics: types, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications. (6000 words)

    • Types of prebiotics: Prebiotics are substances that are not digested in the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented in the large intestine, stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria.
      • Inulin: Soluble fiber contained in onions, garlic, chicory and other plants.
      • Frictoligosaccharides (phos): Soluble fiber contained in various fruits and vegetables.
      • Galactooligosaccharides (state): Soluble fiber obtained from lactose.
      • Resistant starch: The starch, which is not digested in the small intestine, but is fermented in the large intestine.
      • Pectin: Soluble fiber contained in fruits and vegetables.
    • The mechanism of action: Prebiotics stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. This leads to an improvement in the composition of intestinal microflora, strengthening immunity and improving digestion.
      • Fermentation in the large intestine: Prebiotics are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, forming short -chain fatty acids (KCHK), such as acetate, propionate and butyrate.
      • Nutrition for beneficial bacteria: KCHK serve as a source of energy for cells of the mucous membrane of the large intestine and stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria.
      • Improving the intestinal barrier: KCHK strengthen the intestinal barrier, preventing the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins into the blood.
      • The stimulation of the immune system: KCZHK stimulates the immune system, increasing antibodies and activating immune cells.
    • Indications:
      • Intestinal dysbiosis.
      • Constipation.
      • Diarrhea.
      • Irritable bowel syndrome (SRK).
      • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC).
      • Strengthening immunity.
    • Contraindications:
      • Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
      • Exacerbation of inflammatory intestinal diseases.
    • Side effects: In rare cases, bloating, gases, abdominal pain may be observed.
    • Important comments: Prebiotics should be taken in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The dosage of prebiotics depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and the severity of the disease.

  4. Plant remedies for improving digestion: types, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications. (8000 words)

    • Types of plant remedies: Many plants have properties that can improve digestion.
      • Peppermint: Contains menthol, which relaxes the muscles of the digestive tract and helps to alleviate bloating and gases.
      • Ginger: It stimulates the production of gastric juice and helps to alleviate nausea and vomiting. It has anti -inflammatory properties.
      • Chamomile: It has anti -inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, helps relieve abdominal pain and relax the intestines.
      • Artichoke: It stimulates the production of bile and helps to improve fat digestion.
      • Turmeric: It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
      • Milk thistle: Supports the function of the liver and gall bladder. Contains silimarin, which has hepatoprotective properties.
      • Fennel: Facilitates bloating and gases.
      • Aloe Vera: It has laxative and anti -inflammatory properties.
      • Solo root: It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps protect the mucous membrane of the stomach.
    • The mechanism of action: Plants have a beneficial effect on digestion, improving intestinal motility, stimulating the production of digestive juices, having anti -inflammatory and antispasmodic properties.
    • Indications:
      • Dyspepsia (bloating, gases, abdominal pain, nausea).
      • Constipation.
      • Irritable bowel syndrome (SRK).
      • Gastritis.
      • Colitis.
      • Violation of the function of the liver and gall bladder.
    • Contraindications:
      • Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
      • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (for some plants).
      • Acute inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Side effects: In rare cases, allergic reactions can be observed.
    • Important comments: Plant remedies should be taken in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. It is important to consider the possible interactions of plant drugs with drugs. Before using vegetables, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

  5. Fiber: types, mechanism of action, indications and contraindications. (6000 words)

    • Types of fiber: Fiber is undigested dietary fiber, which are found in plant foods.
      • Soluble fiber: Dissolves in water, forming a gel -like mass. Contained in fruits, vegetables, oats, legumes.
      • Insoluble fiber: Does not dissolve in water. Contained in whole grain products, bran, vegetables.
      • Psillium: Soluble fiber obtained from plantain seeds.
      • Oat bran: Soluble fiber obtained from oats.
      • Flax-seed: Contains soluble and insoluble fiber, as well as omega-3 fatty acids.
    • The mechanism of action: Fiber has a beneficial effect on digestion, increasing the volume of feces, facilitating their passage by the intestines and contributing to regular emptying.
      • Increasing the volume of feces: Fiber absorbs water, increasing the volume of feces and facilitating their passage by the intestines.
      • Intestinal motility stimulation: Fiber stimulates intestinal motility, contributing to regular emptying.
      • Close -to -level decrease in cholesterol: Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the intestines and removes it from the body, which leads to a decrease in blood cholesterol.
      • Regulation of blood sugar: Fiber slows down sugar into the blood, which helps to regulate blood sugar.
      • Improving intestinal microflora: Fiber serves as food for beneficial bacteria in the large intestine, contributing to their growth and activity.
    • Indications:
      • Constipation.
      • Irritable bowel syndrome (SRK).
      • Hemorrhoids.
      • Diverticulitis.
      • Diabetes.
      • Increased cholesterol.
      • Obesity.
    • Contraindications:
      • Acute inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
      • Intestinal obstruction.
      • Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
    • Side effects: In rare cases, bloating, gases, abdominal pain may be observed.
    • Important comments: Fiber should be taken with enough water to prevent constipation. The dosage of fiber should be increased gradually to avoid swelling of the abdomen and gases.

  6. Other dietary supplements to improve digestion: glutamine, betaine hydrochloride and others. (6000 words)

    • Glutamine: An amino acid that plays an important role in maintaining the health of the intestinal mucosa.
      • The mechanism of action: Glutamine serves as the main source of energy for cells of the intestinal mucosa, contributes to their restoration and regeneration. Strengthens the intestinal barrier, preventing the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins into the blood.
      • Indications: Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC), irritable bowel syndrome (SRK), high intestinal permeability syndrome (leaky intestine), after operations on the intestine.
      • Contraindications: Individual intolerance to the components of the drug, liver and kidney disease in the stage of decompensation.
      • Side effects: In rare cases, allergic reactions can be observed.
    • Betain hydrochloride: Helps increase the acidity of gastric juice, which can improve protein digestion.
      • The mechanism of action: Betaine hydrochloride is a source of hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for digestion of proteins in the stomach. Improves protein digestion, facilitates the absorption of nutrients.
      • Indications: Hypochlorhydria (reduced acidity of gastric juice), dyspepsia, bloating, gase, belching.
      • Contraindications: Stomach ulcer and duodenum, esophagitis, gastritis with high acidity.
      • Side effects: Heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea.
    • Other dietary supplements:
      • DGL (defilicyrized licorice extract): It has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps protect the mucous membrane of the stomach. Used to treat gastritis and peptic ulcer.
      • Alginate: Received from seaweed. It forms a protective layer on the mucous membrane of the stomach, preventing its irritation with gastric juice. Using

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