Consolidation of yourself in old age: hygiene and beauty

Having for yourself in old age: hygiene and beauty – longevity in harmony with you

Chapter 1: Physiological changes and their influence on self -care

Acting is an inevitable biological process, accompanied by a number of physiological changes, which directly affect the capabilities and needs for leaving. Understanding these changes is the key to the adaptation of hygiene and beauty strategies that provide comfort, health and maintaining dignity in old age.

• Skin changes: The skin becomes thinner, dry and less elastic. The production of collagen and elastin is reduced, which leads to the formation of wrinkles, loss of elasticity and increased vulnerability to damage. The function of the sebaceous and sweat glands is reduced, worsening natural moisture and thermoregulation. The risk of developing dry skin (xerosis), itching and dermatitis increases. Pigment spots (lentigo) and vascular stars (telangiectasia) appear. The healing process of wounds slows down.
• Hair changes: The hair turns gray, becomes thinner and more brittle. In men, baldness (alopecia) is often observed, and in women – general thinning of hair. The production of sebum is reduced, which leads to dry scalp and hair.
• Changes in nails: The nails become thicker, more fragile and grow more slowly. Longitudinal ridges and stratification appear. The risk of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) increases.
• Changes in teeth and gums: Salivation is reduced, which leads to dry mouth (xerostomy) and increased risk of caries. The gums become more sensitive and subject to inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis). The teeth can be erased and darkened. Loss of teeth can lead to problems with chewing and digestion.
• Vision changes: Visual acuity decreases, cataracts, glaucoma and age -related macular degeneration are developing. Difficulties arise with reading, driving a car and other everyday tasks.
• Amendments to hearing: Hearing (Presbiacusis) is reduced, especially to high frequencies. Difficulties arise with understanding of speech, especially in a noisy environment.
• Changes in mobility and coordination: The muscle strength and endurance are reduced. The coordination of movements and balance deteriorates. The risk of falls and injuries increases. Arthritis and other joint diseases develop, limiting mobility.
• Changes in smell and taste: The sense of smell (hyposmia) and taste (hypogenesia) are reduced, which can lead to a decrease in appetite and malnutrition.
• Neurological changes: The cognitive function decreases, memory and concentration of attention are deteriorating. Dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases develop that make it difficult to care for themselves.

These physiological changes require an individual approach to caring for themselves. It is important to consider the features of each person, his state of health and functionality. It is necessary to adapt hygiene and beauty strategies so that they are safe, effective and comfortable.

Chapter 2: skin hygiene in old age: delicacy and moisture

Skin hygiene in old age is of paramount importance for maintaining health, comfort and preventing skin diseases. Since the skin becomes thinner, dry and vulnerable, it is necessary to use delicate means and methods aimed at moisturizing and protection.

• The choice of means for washing:
  • Avoid using ordinary soap that can dry the skin. Choose soft, creamy cleansing agents that do not contain aggressive sulfates (SLS, Sles) and fragrances.
  • Preference should be given to cleansers with neutral or slightly sour pH (5.5-6.5), which corresponds to the natural pH of the skin.
  • Consider the possibility of using oil cleansing agents that gently remove pollution and makeup, without violating the hydrolypid barrier of the skin.
  • Pay attention to the tools containing moisturizing components such as glycerin, hyaluronic acid, oil (shi, jojoba, avocado) and ceramides.
• Washing rules:
  • Wash yourself no more than one or two times a day so as not to dry the skin.
  • Use warm, not hot water, which can deprive the skin of natural oils.
  • Apply a cleanser with soft circular movements, avoiding severe friction.
  • Rinse the product thoroughly with warm water.
  • Carefully blot the skin with a soft towel, without rubbing it.
• Moisturization of the skin:
  • Moisturization is the most important stage of skin care in old age. Apply a moisturizer immediately after washing, while the skin is still wet.
  • Choose moisturizers containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, urea, oil (shi, jojoba, almond) and ceramides.
  • For very dry skin, use more dense, saturated creams or balms.
  • Apply a moisturizer to the whole body, especially to dry areas, such as elbows, knees and lower legs.
  • Use a humidifier in the room, especially in winter to prevent dry skin.
• Sun protection:
  • The sun is the main enemy of the skin at any age, but especially in the elderly. Solar radiation accelerates the aging of the skin, causes pigmentation and increases the risk of skin cancer.
  • Use SUNSPECTION COMPLE with SPF 30 or higher daily, even in cloudy weather.
  • Apply sunscreen 20-30 minutes before going outside and update it every two hours, especially after bathing or sweating.
  • Choose a wide spectrum of action that protect from UVA and UVB rays.
  • Wear protective clothes, such as hats with wide fields, sunglasses and clothes with long sleeves.
  • Avoid staying in the sun in the hours of peak activity (from 10:00 to 16:00).
• Features of the skin care of arms and legs:
  • The skin of the arms and legs is especially susceptible to dryness and damage in old age.
  • Use soft soap to wash your hands and dry them thoroughly after each wash.
  • Apply a moisturizer in your hands after each wash and at night.
  • Do a pedicure regularly to prevent nails and other legs with your feet.
  • Wear comfortable shoes that do not rub and compress your legs.
  • Examine your legs daily for cracks, corns, ulcers and other damage. When any problems appear immediately, consult a doctor.
• Skin care during urinary and feces:
  • Incontinence of urine and feces is a common problem in old age, which can lead to irritation and damage to the skin in the perineum.
  • Change diapers or gaskets regularly as soon as they become wet.
  • After each change of diaper or gaskets, thoroughly clean the skin with warm water and soft soap.
  • Use special cleansing napkins for skin care in the perineum.
  • Apply a protective cream or ointment containing zinc or petroleum oxide to protect the skin from irritation.
  • Provide good skin ventilation, wear free clothes made of natural fabrics.
  • If redness, itching or irritation of the skin occurs immediately see a doctor.
• Skin care tips for people with limited mobility:
  • If a person with limited mobility cannot independently take care of the skin, he needs assistance from relatives or medical workers.
  • Provide regular washing and moisturizing the skin, especially in places subject to pressure (sacrum, elbows, heels).
  • Change your body position regularly to prevent the formation of pressure sores.
  • Use special anti -ore mattresses and pillows.
  • Inspect the skin for redness, bubbles or other signs of damage.
  • When the pressure costs appears immediately, consult a doctor.

Chapter 3: Hair and scalp care: softness and stimulation

Hair and scalp care in old age requires special attention, since the hair becomes thinner, dry and more brittle, and the scalp is more sensitive. Proper care will help maintain hair health, improve their appearance and prevent scalp problems.

• Choosing shampoo:
  • Choose soft shampoos that do not contain aggressive sulfates (SLS, Sles), silicones and parabens.
  • Preference should be given to shampoos intended for dry, thin and damaged hair.
  • Consider the possibility of using shampoos with natural ingredients, such as extracts of herbs, oils and vitamins.
  • Avoid using shampoos with strong fragrances that can irritate the scalp.
• Hair washing rules:
  • Wash your hair no more than two or three times a week so as not to dry them.
  • Use warm, not hot water that can damage the hair.
  • Apply shampoo to wet hair with soft massage movements, carefully foaming it.
  • Rinse the shampoo thoroughly with warm water.
  • If necessary, use air conditioning or hair balm to moisturize and soften them.
  • Carefully get your hair with a soft towel, without rubbing it.
• Hair conditioning:
  • Air conditioner or hair balm helps moisturize, soften and smooth the hair, facilitating their combing and preventing damage.
  • Choose air conditioners designed for dry, thin and damaged hair.
  • Apply the air conditioner to wet hair after washing with shampoo, retreating a few centimeters from the roots.
  • Leave the air conditioner on the hair for several minutes, then rinse thoroughly with warm water.
• Hair masks:
  • Hair masks provide more intense care and help restore damaged hair.
  • Use hair masks once or twice a week.
  • Choose masks containing natural oils (olive, coconut, argan), honey, egg yolk and other useful ingredients.
  • Apply the mask to wet hair after washing with shampoo, distributing it along the entire length of the hair.
  • Leave the mask on the hair for 20-30 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with warm water.
• Combing hair:
  • Use a comb with wide teeth or a soft brush so as not to damage your hair.
  • Comb the hair with soft, smooth movements, starting from the tips and gradually moving to the roots.
  • Do not comb wet hair, as it is more vulnerable to damage.
• Hair drying:
  • Avoid the use of the hair dryer, as hot air can overdry the hair and scalp.
  • If you need to use a hair dryer, set it on a minimum temperature and use a diffuser.
  • Let your hair dry naturally.
• Hair dyeing:
  • Hair dyeing can improve the appearance and give self -confidence, but it is necessary to choose gentle paints that do not contain ammonia and other aggressive chemicals.
  • Test paint on a small area of ​​the skin 48 hours before staining to exclude an allergic reaction.
  • Follow the instructions on the packaging of paint and do not exceed the exposure time.
  • After staining, use special shampoos and air conditioners for dyed hair.
• Scalp care:
  • Regularly massage the scalp with soft circular movements to improve blood circulation and stimulate hair growth.
  • Use special tonics and scales for scalp containing vitamins and nutrients.
  • When dandruff, use special shampoos against dandruff.
  • With itching, redness or other problems with the scalp, contact a dermatologist.
• Haircuts and hairstyles:
  • Choose haircuts and hairstyles that are easy to lay and support.
  • Cut the ends of the hair regularly so that they look healthy and well -groomed.
  • Avoid tight hairstyles that can damage the hair and scalp.
• Hair food:
  • Healthy nutrition plays an important role in hair health. Use products rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.
  • Include fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables and nuts in your diet.
  • If necessary, take vitamin complexes for hair.

Chapter 4: Cavity Cavity: Health and Freshness of Breath

Old care care is crucial for maintaining the health of teeth and gums, preventing caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and other dental problems. Proper care will help keep your teeth and gums healthy, provide fresh breath and improve the quality of life.

• Regular tooth brushing:
  • Brush your teeth twice a day – in the morning and evening – within two minutes.
  • Use a soft toothbrush and fluorine -containing toothpaste.
  • Bright your teeth with circular movements, paying attention to all surfaces of your teeth.
  • Do not forget to clean your tongue to remove bacteria and refresh your breath.
• Using tooth thread:
  • Use the tooth thread daily to remove the plaque and the remaining food between the teeth, where the toothbrush cannot get.
  • Gently insert the tooth thread between the teeth and move it up and down, cleansing the side surfaces of the teeth.
• Using the rinseum for the oral cavity:
  • Use the oral cavity after brushing your teeth to destroy bacteria and refresh your breath.
  • Choose a fluoride containing fluorine to strengthen dental enamel.
• Denture denture care:
  • If you wear dentures, carefully clean them daily with special brushes and solutions for prostheses.
  • Remove the prostheses at night and store them in a special solution.
  • Regularly visit the dentist to check and adjust the prostheses.
• Regular visits to the dentist:
  • Visit the dentist at least twice a year for a preventive examination and professional brushing of your teeth.
  • Report the dentist about any problems with teeth and gums, such as pain, bleeding or mobility of teeth.
• Problems with the oral cavity in old age:
  • Dry in the mouth (Xerostomy): Reducing salivation can lead to dry mouth, which increases the risk of caries and other dental problems. Drink more water, use artificial saliva and avoid drinking alcohol and caffeine.
  • Caries: Destruction of tooth enamel caused by bacteria. Brush your teeth twice a day, use the tooth thread and regularly visit the dentist.
  • Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums caused by a bacterial raid. Brush your teeth twice a day, use the tooth thread and regularly visit the dentist.
  • Periodontitis: A more serious form of gum disease, which can lead to teeth loss. Requires treatment with the dentist.
  • Loss of teeth: It can lead to problems with chewing and digestion. Consider the possibility of installing dentures or implants.
• Tips for the care of the oral cavity for people with limited mobility:
  • If a person with limited mobility cannot brush his teeth on his own, he needs assistance from relatives or medical workers.
  • Use toothbrushes with elongated handles or electric toothbrushes to facilitate your teeth brushing.
  • Use special rinses for the oral cavity that do not require rinsing.
  • Provide regular visits to the dentist.
• Nutrition for the health of teeth and gums:
  • Balanced nutrition plays an important role in the health of teeth and gums. Use products rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D.
  • Limit the consumption of sweet and acidic products that can damage tooth enamel.
  • Drink more water to maintain salivation.

Chapter 5: nail care: accuracy and prevention

Failure care in old age is important to maintain their health, prevent infections and improve the appearance. Since the nails become thicker, more fragile and more slowly grow, it is necessary to use delicate means and methods of care.

• Regular nail haircut:
  • Cut your nails regularly so that they are not too long and do not break.
  • Use special nippers or nail scissors.
  • Cut your nails straight, without rounding the corners to prevent your nails.
• Failing nails:
  • Sprinkle your nails to give them the uniform and smooth out the sharp edges.
  • Use a soft nail file.
  • Sprinkle your nails in one direction so as not to relax them.
• Care for the cut:
  • The cuticle is a protective barrier that prevents infection in the nail bed.
  • Do not cut the cuticle, as this can lead to infection.
  • Put the cuticle with a soft stick after a hand bath.
• Moisturization of nails and skin:
  • Regularly moisturize the nails and skin of the hands with cream or hand oil.
  • Choose creams containing glycerin, hyaluronic acid and vitamin E.
• Prevention of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis):
  • Fungal nail infections are a common problem in old age.
  • Wear comfortable shoes that do not rub and compress your legs.
  • Avoid walking barefoot in public places, such as pools and showers.
  • Dry your legs thoroughly after washing.
  • If signs of fungal infection appear (thickening, color change, nail cringing), consult a dermatologist.
• Problems with nails in old age:
  • Thickening of nails: Nails become thicker and more difficult to cut. Use special bites for thick nails.
  • Nail stratification: The nails become fragile and delalate. Use strengthening nail varnishes.
  • Survival of nails: The nail grows into the skin of the finger. Contact the patologist for treatment.
  • Changing the color of the nails: It can be a sign of fungal infection or other disease. Consult a doctor.
• Nail care for people with diabetes:
  • People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing problems with their feet, including fungal nail infections and growing nails.
  • Regularly inspect your legs for cracks, corns, ulcers and other damage.
  • Contact a patologist for professional feet care.
  • Wear comfortable shoes and socks from natural fabrics.
  • Control blood sugar.
• Nail care for people with limited mobility:
  • If a person with limited mobility cannot independently take care of nails, he needs assistance from relatives or medical workers.
  • Provide regular haircut and nail file.
  • Inspect your nails for signs of infection or other problems.
  • Contact the patologist if necessary.

Chapter 6: Makeup in old age: We emphasize dignity

Makeup in old age can help emphasize dignity, hide shortcomings and give self -confidence. However, it is important to use the right techniques and products so that makeup looks natural and does not weight the face.

• Skin preparation:
  • Before applying makeup, carefully clean and moisten the skin.
  • Use the face primer to align the skin tone and prepare it for makeup.
• Tonal cream:
  • Choose a light, moisturizing foundation that does not clog pores and does not emphasize wrinkles.
  • Apply a tonal cream with a thin layer with a sponge or brush.
  • Avoid the use of dense, matting tonal creams that can dry the skin and emphasize wrinkles.
• Corrector:
  • Use a corrector to hide dark circles under the eyes, age spots and other skin disadvantages.
  • Choose a corrector for tone lighter than a tonal cream.
  • Apply the corrector pointily and gently shave it.
• Powder:
  • Use the powder to fix makeup and give the skin to the skin.
  • Choose light, crumbly powder.
  • Apply powder with a thin layer with a brush.
  • Avoid the use of dense, compact powder, which can clog pores and emphasize wrinkles.
• Rumyana:
  • Blush helps give a fresh and rested look to his face.
  • Choose cream or gel blush of delicate shades, such as peach or pink.
  • Apply blush on the apples of the cheeks and gently shave them.
  • Avoid the use of too bright or dark blush that may look unnatural.
• Eye Shadows:
  • Choose shadows for the eyelids of delicate, neutral shades such as beige, brown or gray.
  • Apply the shadows to the mobile eyelid and gently shave them.
  • Use light shadows to highlight the inner corner of the eye and under the eyebrow.
  • Avoid the use of too bright or brilliant shadows that can emphasize wrinkles.
• Pencil or eye eyeliner:
  • Use a pencil or eye eyeliner to emphasize the outline of the eyes and make the look more expressive.
  • Choose a pencil or eyeliner of brown, gray or dark blue.
  • Apply a pencil or eyeliner with a thin line along the eyelash growth line.
  • Gently shave the pencil or eyeliner.
• Mascara:
  • Use eyelashes to give eyelashes volume and length.
  • Choose black or brown mascara.
  • Apply mascara in one or two layers.
  • Avoid the use of mascara with the effect of volume or lengthening, which can glue eyelashes.
• Lipstick or lip gloss:
  • Use lipstick or lip gloss to moisturize your lips and give them color.
  • Choose lipstick or lip gloss for delicate, natural shades, such as pink, peach or coral.
  • Apply lipstick or lip gloss with a brush or application.
  • Avoid the use of too bright or dark shades of lipstick that can be old.
  • Use the contour pencil for the lips to give your lips the shape and prevent lipstick spreading.
• Brows:
  • Support the shape of the eyebrows using tweezers or wax.
  • Use a pencil or eyebrow shadows to fill in the gaps and give the eyebrows a more clear shape.
  • Choose a pencil or eyebrow shadow tone lighter than your natural hair color.
  • Comb the eyebrows with a special brush to give them a neat look.
• Tips for makeup in old age:
  • Use less makeup so as not to weight your face.
  • Choose products with moisturizing properties.
  • Apply makeup in good light.
  • Use a magnifying mirror to see all the details.
  • Do not be afraid to experiment with different shades and techniques to find your perfect image.

Chapter 7: Nutrition and Moisturization: Beauty from the inside

The beauty and health of the skin, hair and nails largely depend on proper nutrition and sufficient hydration. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants will help maintain youth and beauty from the inside.

• Water:
  • Drink enough water during the day (at least 1.5-2 liters) to maintain moisturizing the skin, hair and nails.
  • Water helps to remove toxins from the body and improves the overall state of health.
• Vitamins:
  • Vitamin A: It is necessary for the health of the skin, hair and vision. Contained in carrots, pumpkin, spinach and other vegetables and fruits.
  • Vitamin C: A powerful antioxidant that helps protect the skin from damage to free radicals. Contained in citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi and other fruits and vegetables.
  • Vitamin E: An antioxidant that helps moisturize the skin and protect it from aging. Contained in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils and green vegetables.
  • Vitamin D: It is necessary for the health of bones, teeth and immune system. It is synthesized in the skin under the influence of sunlight.
  • B vitamins B: It is necessary for the health of hair, skin and nervous system. Contained in meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, whole grain products and green vegetables.
• Minerals:
  • Zinc: It is necessary for the health of the skin, hair and nails. Contained in meat, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds.
  • Iron: It is necessary to transport oxygen to the cells of the body. Contained in meat, fish, eggs, legumes and green vegetables.
  • Calcium: It is necessary for the health of bones and teeth. Contained in dairy products, green vegetables and tofu.
  • Selenium: An antioxidant that helps protect the body cells from damage. Contained in Brazilian nut, fish and meat.
• Antioxidants:
  • Antioxidants help protect the body cells from damage to free radicals, which can accelerate aging and lead to various diseases.
  • Use products rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, berries, green tea and dark chocolate.
• Fatty acids:
  • Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are necessary for the health of the skin, hair and cardiovascular system.
  • Contained in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), linen seed, chia and walnuts.
• Protein:
  • Protein is necessary for the construction and restoration of body tissues, including skin, hair and nails.
  • Use products rich in protein, such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes and tofu.
• Power restrictions:
  • Limit the consumption of sweet, fatty and processed products that can negatively affect the health of the skin, hair and nails.
  • Limit alcohol and caffeine consumption that can dehydrate the body.
• Food additives:
  • If necessary, take vitamin and mineral complexes to maintain the health of the skin, hair and nails.
  • Consult a doctor before taking any food additives.
• Nutrition tips:
  • Eat a variety of and balanced food.
  • Use enough water.
  • Limit the consumption of harmful products.
  • Take food additives if necessary.
  • Consult a doctor or nutritionist to obtain individual nutrition recommendations.

Chapter 8: Physical activity: Movement is life

Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining health and beauty in old age. Regular exercises help improve blood circulation, strengthen muscles and bones, increase energy and improve mood.

• Types of physical activity:
  • Aerobic exercises: Walking, swimming, cycling, dancing. Improve the cardiovascular system and burn calories.
  • Power exercises: Lift weights, exercises with your own weight. Strengthen muscles and bones.
  • Flexibility exercises: Stretching, yoga, Pilates. Improve the flexibility and mobility of the joints.
  • Exercise of balance: Tai-chi, walking in a straight line. Improve balance and reduce the risk of falls.
• Advantages of physical activity:
  • Improving the cardiovascular system.
  • Strengthening muscles and bones.
  • Increase in energy.
  • Improving mood.
  • Reducing the risk of falls.
  • Improving sleep.
  • Weight control.
  • Reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
• Physical activity recommendations:
  • Consult a doctor before the start of any program of physical exercises.
  • Start small and gradually increase the intensity and duration of the exercises.
  • Do physical exercises regularly, at least 150 minutes a week of moderate intensity or 75 minutes per week of high intensity.
  • Choose the types of physical activity that you like and which you can perform safely.
  • Listen to your body and do not transfer