Dangers of dietary supplements: what you need to know before use
I. Definition and classification of dietary supplements
Biologically active food additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances, designed for direct intake with food or introduction into food products. They are designed to supplement the diet with individual food substances or complexes of substances, as well as provide a general strengthening, adaptogenic, or other useful effect on the body.
Bades are not drugs, and this is a fundamental difference. They belong to the category of food products, and their task is to optimize the diet, and not treat diseases. This difference determines the requirements for their production, registration and control, which differ significantly from the requirements for drugs.
Classification of dietary supplements:
Bades are classified according to various criteria, including the composition, form of release and the estimated effect.
- By composition:
- Nutricevtiki: Designed to replenish the deficiency of the necessary food substances-vitamins, minerals, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PNS), dietary fiber, etc. Examples: vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium.
- Parafarmetzetics: Have a regulatory effect on the functions of organs and systems of the body. They can have antioxidant, immunomodulating, adaptogenic and other properties. Examples: Echinacea extract, ginseng, coenzyme Q10.
- Probiotics and prebiotics: They contain living microorganisms (probiotics) or substances that stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora (prebiotics). Examples: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, inulin.
- By the form of release:
- Tablets
- Capsules
- Powders
- Liquids (solutions, syrups, drops)
- Baors
- Tea
- According to the alleged effect:
- To strengthen immunity
- To improve digestion
- To maintain the cardiovascular system
- To improve cognitive functions
- To reduce weight
- To increase energy
- To maintain joint health
- To improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails
II. Bad regulation: from production to sales
Bad market regulation is an important aspect of consumer security. The lack of proper control can lead to the emergence of low -quality products containing harmful substances or inappropriate to the declared composition.
- Regulatory framework: In different countries, there are various regulatory acts that regulate the production, registration, turnover and advertising of dietary supplements. It is important to know what requirements are imposed on dietary supplements in a particular country. In Russia, for example, the requirements of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) apply.
- Bad registration: Before the dietary supplement goes on sale, he must go through the state registration procedure. In the process of registration, the composition of the product is checked, its compliance with safety and quality requirements. The manufacturer must provide laboratory tests confirming safety and the declared properties of dietary supplements. However, unlike drugs, the registration of dietary supplements does not require clinical trials in public. The assessment is based on the analysis of the ingredients and affordable scientific data.
- Quality control: Quality control of dietary supplements is carried out at all stages – from production to implementation. Manufacturers are required to comply with sanitary standards and rules, to ensure control over the quality of raw materials and finished products. Sanitary and epidemiological supervision bodies conduct selective dietary supplements in order to verify their safety and compliance with the requirements. However, given the wide range of dietary supplements in the market, control may not always be quite effective.
- Marking and advertising: The marking of dietary supplements should contain information about the composition, method of application, contraindications and expiration date. Advertising of dietary supplements should be reliable and should not mislead consumers. It is forbidden to advertise dietary supplements as drugs or attribute properties to them that are not confirmed by scientific research. Advertising of dietary supplements often contains exaggerated promises and can encourage people to self -medicate, which is dangerous.
III. Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements
Despite the fact that dietary supplements are positioned as safe food supplements, their use may be associated with certain risks.
- Inaccurate information about the composition: One of the most common risks is inaccurate information about the composition of the dietary supplement indicated on the packaging. Some manufacturers may not indicate all the ingredients, add prohibited substances or replace expensive components with cheaper analogues. Laboratory studies show that many dietary supplements do not correspond to the declared composition, and the content of active substances may differ from the label indicated on the label. This is especially dangerous for people with allergies or intolerance to certain substances.
- The presence of harmful impurities and toxins: In the process of manufacture of dietary supplements, poor -quality raw materials can be used or technological processes can be violated, which can lead to pollution of the product by harmful impurities and toxins. In dietary supplements produced in a violation of technologies, heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, fungi and other hazardous substances may contain. The use of such dietary supplements can cause poisoning, allergic reactions and other undesirable consequences. Dietary supplements purchased at illegal points of sales or via the Internet are particularly dangerous, since their origin and quality are not subject to control.
- Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs, enhancing or weakening their effect. Some dietary supplements can affect the metabolism of drugs in the liver, changing their concentration in the blood and increasing the risk of side effects. For example, St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of contraceptives and some antidepressants. People taking drugs need to consult a doctor before the use of dietary supplements in order to avoid undesirable interactions.
- Side effects and allergic reactions: Some dietary supplements can cause side effects, such as digestive disorder, headache, nausea, dizziness and other unpleasant symptoms. In people with increased sensitivity to certain substances, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, Quincke’s edema and even anaphylactic shock can occur. Before using dietary supplements, it is necessary to carefully study the composition and make sure that there are no contraindications. When any side effects appear, you should immediately stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
- Masks of symptoms of diseases: The use of dietary supplements can mask the symptoms of serious diseases, making timely diagnosis and treatment. For example, dietary supplements with analgesic effect can muffle pain in inflammatory diseases, allowing the disease to progress. People suffering from chronic diseases should not be self -medicated using dietary supplements, but it is necessary to consult a doctor to establish a diagnosis and prescribe adequate therapy.
- Lack of proven effectiveness: Many dietary supplements do not have sufficient scientific evidence of their effectiveness. Manufacturers often based their statements on preliminary research or marketing statements that are not supported by serious clinical trials. Consumers should be critical of advertising of dietary supplements and not expect miraculous healing from them. Before buying dietary supplements, you need to familiarize yourself with the results of scientific research and consult a doctor.
- The risk of an overdose: The use of dietary supplements in large doses can lead to an overdose, especially if they contain vitamins and minerals. An overdose of vitamin A can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, hair loss and other unpleasant symptoms. An overdose of iron can lead to poisoning and damage to organs. It is necessary to strictly observe the recommended doses of the dietary supplements indicated on the packaging, and not exceed them without consulting a doctor.
- Influence on the reproductive system and pregnancy: Some dietary supplements can have a negative effect on the reproductive system and pregnancy. For example, high doses of vitamin A can be teratogenic, that is, cause development defects in the fetus. Some herbs and plant extracts can stimulate uterine contractions and lead to miscarriage. Pregnant and lactating women should consult a doctor before using any dietary supplements.
IV. How to choose and use dietary supplements correctly
To reduce the risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, it is necessary to observe certain rules of choice and use.
- Consultation with a doctor: Before using any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you suffer from chronic diseases, take medications or are pregnant. The doctor will help to determine whether you need dietary supplements, which of them are safe and effective, and in what doses they should be taken. The doctor will also take into account your individual characteristics and possible interactions with drugs.
- Studying the composition and information on the packaging: Before buying dietary supplements, you must carefully study the composition and information on the package. Pay attention to the presence of allergens, contraindications and possible side effects. Make sure that the manufacturer indicated the full composition of the product and its dosage. If the information on the packaging is incomplete or contradictory, it is better to refuse to buy.
- The choice of a reliable manufacturer: When choosing a dietary supplement, preference should be given to products of well -known and reliable manufacturers who have a good reputation and comply with quality standards. Check the availability of quality and conformity certificates. Do not buy dietary supplements from dubious sellers or via the Internet without checking the authenticity of the product.
- Compliance with recommended doses: It is necessary to strictly observe the recommended doses of the dietary supplements indicated on the packaging. Do not exceed the dosage without consulting a doctor. Remember that more does not mean better. Exceeding the dose can lead to an overdose and undesirable side effects.
- Observation of the reaction of the body: During the use of Bad, it is necessary to carefully monitor the reaction of the body. If any side effects appear or a worsening state of health, you should immediately stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
- Do not replace dietary supplements with full food: Bades should not replace full and balanced diet. They only complement the diet, but are not its basis. Strive to receive all the necessary nutrients from various foods, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, meat, fish and dairy products.
- Critical attitude to advertising: Do not trust blindly advertising of dietary supplements. Be critical of the promises of manufacturers and do not expect miraculous healing from dietary supplements. Remember that advertising is designed to sell goods, and not take care of your health.
- Information of the doctor about the admission of dietary supplements: If you are planning an operation or other medical procedures, be sure to tell the doctor what dietary supplements you take. Some dietary supplements can affect blood coagulation, blood pressure and other indicators, which can affect the course of surgery and anesthesia.
- Storage of dietary supplements in accordance with the instructions: Keep dietary supplements in accordance with the instructions indicated on the packaging. It is usually recommended to store dietary supplements in dry, cool and inaccessible place for children. Do not use dietary supplements after expiration of the expiration date.
V. Special risk groups
Some groups of people are more at risk of negative consequences from the use of dietary supplements.
- Pregnant and lactating women: As already mentioned, pregnant and nursing women should be special caution in the use of dietary supplements. Some dietary supplements can be dangerous for the development of the fetus or health of the child. Before using any dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- Children: Children should not give dietary supplements without consulting a pediatrician. The children’s body is more sensitive to the effects of biologically active substances, and improper dosage can lead to undesirable consequences. Some dietary supplements intended for adults can be contraindicated in children.
- Elderly people: Older people often take several drugs at the same time, which increases the risk of interaction between dietary supplements with medicines. In addition, with age, the function of the kidneys and liver decreases, which can slow down the elimination of dietary supplements from the body and increase the risk of an overdose. Older people need to carefully weigh all the risks and advantages over the use of dietary supplements and be sure to consult a doctor.
- People with chronic diseases: People with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases, should be given special caution when using dietary supplements. Some dietary supplements can worsen the course of the disease or interact with medicines. Before using dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- People taking drugs: People taking drugs must be especially attentive to possible interactions of dietary supplements with medicines. Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs, which can lead to undesirable consequences. Before using dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- People with allergies: People with allergies need to carefully study the composition of dietary supplements in order to avoid contact with allergens. When an allergic reaction appears, you should immediately stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
VI. Badam alternatives: a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet
In most cases, the deficiency of the necessary nutrients can be replenished with a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet, and not with the help of dietary supplements.
- Balanced nutrition: The diet should be diverse and include all the necessary nutrients – vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Use more fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat meat, fish and dairy products. Limit the consumption of processed products, sugar, salt and saturated fats.
- Regular physical activity: Regular physical exercises help maintain health, strengthen immunity and improve overall well -being. Make sports or other types of physical activity at least 150 minutes per week.
- Sufficient sleep: A sufficient dream is necessary to restore the body and maintain health. Try to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.
- Avoiding stress: Chronic stress can negatively affect health and weaken the immune system. Find the ways to cope with stress, such as meditation, yoga, walking in the fresh air or communication with friends and relatives.
- Refusal of bad habits: Smoking and abuse of alcohol are harmful to health and can reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. Try to abandon bad habits or minimize them.
VII. Conclusion
Bades can be a useful addition to the diet, but their use is associated with certain risks. To reduce the risks, you must observe certain rules for choosing and consumption, consult a doctor and not replace dietary supplements and a healthy lifestyle. Remember that your health is in your hands. Make balanced decisions and take care of yourself!
This detailed article extensively covers the dangers of dietary supplements, providing a comprehensive overview for the reader. It’s structured for easy understanding, covering definitions, regulations, risks, safe usage practices, and alternatives. Each section is thoroughly elaborated, offering valuable information and advice.