Bades and health: What do you need to know before admission?

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Bades and health: What do you need to know before admission?

I. Definition and classification of dietary supplements (Dietary Supplements): Legal status and regulation

  1. What is dietary supplement?

    • Dietary supplementation in accordance with the law (in Russia, USA, EU).
    • The difference between dietary supplements and drugs: the concentration of active substances, the purpose of application, the requirements for the evidence base.
    • The main components of dietary supplements: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, probiotics, prebiotics, plant extracts, omega-3 fatty acids and others.
    • Forms of the production of dietary supplements: tablets, capsules, powders, liquids, bars, chewing sweets, etc.
    • Functional purpose of dietary supplements: supplementing the diet, maintaining health, improving performance, improving appearance.

  2. Legal status and regulation of dietary supplements:

    • Russian legislation on dietary supplements: Federal Law “On the quality and safety of food products”, sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (SanPiN).
    • The procedure for state registration of dietary supplements in Russia: requirements for documentation, examination, issuance of a certificate of state registration (SGR).
    • The role of Rospotrebnadzor in the control of the turnover of dietary supplements: supervision of production, storage, transportation, sale and advertising of dietary supplements.
    • Responsibility for violation of legislation on dietary supplements: administrative, criminal.
    • Comparison of the regulation of dietary supplements in different countries (USA, EU, Canada, Australia): features of labeling requirements, composition, evidence base.
    • Dad certification systems (for example, GMP): voluntary and mandatory standards of production quality.
    • The risks associated with illegal production and the turnover of dietary supplements: falsification, underestimated content of active substances, the presence of harmful impurities.

  3. Classification of dietary supplements in composition and purpose:

    • Vitamin-mineral complexes:
      • One -component (for example, vitamin D, vitamin C, iron).
      • Multicomponent (complexes for pregnant women, for children, for athletes, for the elderly).
      • Features of the choice of vitamin-mineral complexes, depending on age, gender, physiological condition, state of health.
      • The role of individual vitamins and minerals in the body: functions, signs of deficiency, recommended dosages.
    • Plant dietary supplements (herbal preparations):
      • Adaptogens (ginseng, Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola pink).
      • Immunomodulator (echinacea, astrahag).
      • Sedatives (valerian, motherwort, lemon balm).
      • Choleretic (artichoke, milk thistle).
      • Diuretic (cerebral, lingonberry).
      • Plant extracts to maintain health of the cardiovascular system (hawthorn, garlic).
      • Plant extracts to improve digestion (chamomile, fennel, peppermint).
      • Features of the use of plant dietary supplements: interaction with drugs, contraindications, allergic reactions.
    • Bades based on beekeeping products:
      • Propolis.
      • Royal milk.
      • Bee pollen (parch).
      • Honey.
      • Therapeutic properties and use of beekeeping products.
      • Contraindications and allergic reactions.
    • Safety -based dietary supplements:
      • Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil, crill oil).
      • Glucosamine and chondroitin (for joint health).
      • Calcium from sea springs (for example, from oyster shells).
      • Sea algae (spirulina, chlorella, laminaria).
      • The benefits and use of dietary supplements based on seafood.
    • Probiotics and prebiotics:
      • Probiotics: living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora (lactobacteria, bifidobacteria).
      • Prebiotics: substances that contribute to the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the intestines (inulin, fruitoligosaccharides).
      • Sinbiotics: a combination of probiotic and prebiotic.
      • The role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health of the digestive system, immunity, general well -being.
      • Indications for the use of probiotics and prebiotics: dysbiosis, antibiotic therapy, digestive disorders.
    • Amino acids and proteins:
      • INFORMATIVE AMINOCHICS (Leucin, isolacin, valin, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, Treononin, TRIPTOPHAN).
      • Conventionally replaced amino acids (cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, glutamine, proline, serine).
      • Replaced amino acids (alanine, asparagine, asparaginic acid, glutamic acid, glycine).
      • The role of amino acids in the body: participation in the synthesis of proteins, hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters.
      • Protein additives (serum protein, casein, soy protein).
      • The use of amino acids and proteins in sports nutrition, to maintain muscle mass, recovery after physical exertion.
    • Bad for weight control:
      • Funds that reduce appetite (for example, Hudia Gordoni, Konzhak).
      • Thermogenics (for example, green tea extract, caffeine).
      • Blocks of carbohydrates and fats (for example, chitosan, eagleistat).
      • Bades that accelerate metabolism (for example, L-carnitine).
      • Risk and side effects of dietary supplements for weight control.
      • The need to consult a doctor before use.
    • Bad for improving cognitive functions (nootropics):
      • Ginkgo biloba.
      • Finished the circle.
      • Bakopa Monica.
      • DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol).
      • Piracetam (refers to drugs, but is often mentioned in the context of nootropics).
      • The benefits and risks of nootropics.
      • The need to consult a doctor before use.
    • Other types of dietary supplements:
      • Coenzym Q10 (to maintain health of the cardiovascular system and energy metabolism).
      • Alpha-lipoic acid (antioxidant).
      • Melatonin (to improve sleep).
      • Chlorophyll (detoxification of the body).
      • Enzymes (to improve digestion).

II. Indications and contraindications for the use of dietary supplements

  1. Indications for the use of dietary supplements:

    • Deficiency of vitamins and minerals:
      • Symptoms of deficiency of vitamins and minerals (fatigue, weakness, decreased immunity, deterioration of the condition of the skin, hair, nails).
      • Factors contributing to the development of deficiency of vitamins and minerals (unbalanced nutrition, digestive system diseases, medication, pregnancy, breastfeeding, elderly, intensive physical activity).
      • The role of dietary supplements in compensation for the deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
    • Maintaining health and prevention of diseases:
      • Support for immunity in a period of increased incidence of SARS and influenza.
      • Prevention of cardiovascular diseases (omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10).
      • Prevention of osteoporosis (calcium, vitamin D).
      • Support for joints of the joints (glucosamine, chondroitin).
      • Improving digestion (probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes).
      • Normalization of sleep (melatonin, plant sedatives).
      • Increased performance and stress resistance (adaptogens).
    • Conditions that require additional support for the body:
      • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (special vitamin-mineral complexes).
      • Intensive physical activity (amino acids, proteins, vitamin-mineral complexes).
      • Recovery after diseases and operations.
      • Elderly age (vitamin-mineral complexes, antioxidants).
      • Vegetarianism and veganism (vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids).
    • Improving the appearance:
      • Support for the health of the skin, hair and nails (B vitamins, vitamin E, biotin, zinc, selenium).
      • The fight against signs of aging (antioxidants, Coenzyme Q10).

  2. Contraindications to the use of dietary supplements:

    • Individual intolerance to dietary supplements:
      • Allergic reactions to separate dieters in Bad.
      • Intolerance to lactose, gluten, soy and other substances that are part of the dietary supplement.
    • Pregnancy and breastfeeding:
      • Some dietary supplements are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the lack of sufficient safety data for the mother and baby.
      • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
    • Kidney and liver diseases:
      • Violation of the function of the kidneys and liver can lead to the accumulation of dietary supplements in the body and the development of side effects.
      • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements for kidney and liver diseases.
    • Diseases of the cardiovascular system:
      • Some dietary supplements can affect blood pressure, heart rate and blood coagulation.
      • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements for diseases of the cardiovascular system.
    • Thyroid diseases:
      • Dietary supplements containing iodine can affect the function of the thyroid gland.
      • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements in thyroid diseases.
    • Autoimmune diseases:
      • Some dietary supplements can stimulate the immune system and aggravate the course of autoimmune diseases.
      • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements in autoimmune diseases.
    • Medicines:
      • Bades can interact with drugs, changing their effectiveness and increasing the risk of side effects.
      • Mandatory informing the doctor about the administration of dietary supplements when prescribing medicines.
    • Childhood:
      • Not all dietary supplements are allowed for use in children.
      • The need to consult a pediatrician before using dietary supplements in children.
    • Oncological diseases:
      • The use of dietary supplements in cancer requires special caution and consultation with an oncologist.

III. Risks and side effects of dietary supplements: interaction with drugs

  1. Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements:

    • Insufficient evidence base:
      • Many dietary supplements do not have a sufficient scientific base confirming their effectiveness and safety.
      • The results of dietary supplements are often contradictory and do not allow us to draw unequivocal conclusions about their benefits.
    • The inconsistency of the declared composition of the actual:
      • Some dietary supplements do not indicate the full composition of the product on the label or underestimate the content of active substances.
      • Falsification of dietary supplements: replacing expensive ingredients with cheap analogues, adding prohibited substances.
    • Side effects:
      • Possible side effects of dietary supplements: allergic reactions, digestive disorders, headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure, heart rhythm.
      • The risk of an overdose of vitamins and minerals.
    • Interaction with drugs:
      • Bades can interact with drugs, changing their effectiveness and increasing the risk of side effects.
      • Examples of the interaction of dietary supplements with drugs:
        • Vitamin K reduces the effectiveness of anticoagulants (warfarin).
        • St. John’s wort reduces the effectiveness of antidepressants, contraceptives, immunosuppressants.
        • Grapefruit juice enhances the effect of certain drugs (statins, calcium channel blockers).
    • Delay in seeking a doctor:
      • The use of dietary supplements, instead of full treatment, can lead to a delay in seeking a doctor and the progression of the disease.
    • Risk for certain population groups:
      • Pregnant and lactating women, children, elderly people, people with chronic diseases are more at risk of developing side effects from the use of dietary supplements.

  2. Side effects of individual dietary supplements:

    • Vitamins:
      • Vitamin A: nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hair loss, liver damage.
      • Vitamin D: nausea, vomiting, weakness, increased blood calcium levels, kidney damage.
      • Vitamin E: increasing the risk of bleeding.
      • Vitamin C: digestive disorders, kidney stones.
      • B vitamins B: allergic reactions, digestive disorders.
    • Minerals:
      • Iron: constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
      • Calcium: constipation, increasing blood calcium levels, kidney stones.
      • Magnesium: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure.
      • Zinc: nausea, vomiting, reduction of immunity.
      • Selenium: hair loss, damage to the nervous system.
    • Plant dietary supplements:
      • Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, Quincke’s edema, anaphylactic shock).
      • Digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation).
      • Interaction with drugs.
    • Probiotics:
      • Bloating, gas formation, diarrhea.
      • Rarely – systemic infections in people with weakened immunity.
    • Omega-3 fatty acids:
      • Fish taste in the mouth, belching, digestive disorders, increasing the risk of bleeding.

  3. Interaction of dietary supplements with drugs: examples and mechanisms

    • Pharmacokinetic interaction:
      • The influence of dietary supplement on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug.
      • Examples:
        • Activated carbon reduces the absorption of many drugs.
        • St. John’s wort accelerates the metabolism of some drugs, reducing their concentration in the blood.
        • Grapefruit juice slows down the metabolism of some drugs, increasing their concentration in the blood.
    • Pharmacodynamic interaction:
      • The effect of dietary supplement on the effect of the drug at the level of receptors or physiological processes.
      • Examples:
        • Vitamin K reduces the effectiveness of anticoagulants (warfarin).
        • Ginkgo biloba and garlic increase the risk of bleeding while using anticoagulants and anti -signs.
        • Calcium preparations reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.

  4. How to reduce risks associated with the use of dietary supplements:

    • Consultation with a doctor:
      • Mandatory consultation with a doctor before taking any dietary supplement.
      • Informing a doctor about all the drugs taken, dietary supplements and food additives.
    • The choice of high -quality dietary supplements:
      • Buying of dietary supplements only in pharmacies and specialized stores.
      • Checking the availability of a state registration certificate (SGR).
      • The choice of dietary supplements from well -known and trusted manufacturers.
      • Paying attention to the composition of the product, shelf life, storage conditions.
    • Compliance with recommended dosages:
      • Do not exceed the recommended dosages of dietary supplements.
      • Start taking dietary supplement with a minimum dose and gradually increase it if necessary.
    • Observation of your condition:
      • Carefully monitor your condition during the admission of dietary supplements.
      • Stop taking dietary supplements when side effects appear and consult a doctor.
    • Information of the doctor about the admission of dietary supplements:
      • Mandatory informing the doctor about the administration of dietary supplements when prescribing medicines.

IV. How to choose and accept dietary supplements: practical recommendations

  1. Determining the need for dietary supplements:

    • Analysis of the diet:
      • Assessment of the balance of the diet: is there enough vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber in the diet.
      • Determination of a deficiency of nutrients based on the analysis of the diet.
    • Assessment of health:
      • Identification of risk factors for the development of deficiency of vitamins and minerals (digestive system diseases, medication, pregnancy, breastfeeding, elderly, intense physical activity).
      • Assessment of the general state of health and the identification of diseases in which the intake of dietary supplements can be shown.
    • Consultation with a doctor or nutritionist:
      • Obtaining a professional consultation on nutrition and use of dietary supplements.
      • Development of an individual food plan and reception of dietary supplements, taking into account needs and health status.

  2. Choice of Bad:

    • Study of the composition:
      • A careful study of the composition of the dietary supplement: the content of active substances, excipients, allergens.
      • The choice of dietary supplements with an optimal ratio of active substances.
    • Choosing the form of release:
      • The choice of the form of the release of dietary supplements depending on personal preferences and the convenience of use (tablets, capsules, powders, liquid).
      • Accounting for the features of absorption of various forms of prolonged dietary supplements.
    • The selection of the manufacturer:
      • The choice of dietary supplements from a well -known and trusted manufacturer having a good reputation in the market.
      • Checking the availability of quality certificates and compliance with GMP standards.
    • Reading reviews:
      • Studying the reviews of other consumers about the dietary supplement.
      • Paying attention to positive and negative reviews, as well as the causes of their occurrence.
    • Reference:
      • Comparison of prices for dietary supplements from different manufacturers and in different pharmacies.
      • The choice of dietary supplements with an optimal ratio of price and quality.

  3. Rules accepts Badov:

    • Compliance with recommended dosages:
      • Strict compliance with the recommended dosages of the dietary supplement indicated on the label or in the instructions for use.
      • Do not exceed the recommended dosages to avoid the development of side effects.
    • Reception time:
      • Reception of dietary supplements in accordance with recommendations on the time of administration (before meals, during meals, after meals).
      • Accounting for the features of absorption of various components of dietary supplements depending on the reception time.
    • Duration of the course:
      • Compliance with the recommended duration of the bad reception course.
      • Do not exceed the recommended duration of the course without consulting a doctor.
    • A combination with other dietary supplements and drugs:
      • Compliance with caution while taking several dietary supplements or dietary supplements with drugs.
      • Consultation with a doctor before the simultaneous administration of several dietary supplements or dietary supplements with drugs.
    • Storage conditions:
      • Storage of dietary supplements in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer indicated on the label or in the instructions for use.
      • Protection of dietary supplements from exposure to direct sunlight, moisture and high temperatures.

  4. Monitoring of efficiency and safety of dietary supplements:

    • Observation of your condition:
      • Careful to monitor your condition during the admission of dietary supplements.
      • Pay attention to any changes in well -being, the appearance of side effects.
    • Evaluation of effectiveness:
      • Assessment of dietary supplements based on subjective sensations and objective indicators (for example, improving sleep, increasing performance, improving the condition of the skin, hair, nails).
    • When side effects appear:
      • Stop taking dietary supplements when side effects appear and consult a doctor.
      • Tell the doctor about all the dietary supplements and medicines.
    • Regular consultations with a doctor:
      • Regular consultations with a doctor to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of admission of dietary supplements.
      • Correction of a plan for receiving dietary supplements if necessary.

V. Myths and truth about dietary supplements: we debunk popular delusions

  1. Myth No. 1: Bada is medicine.
    • Is it true: Bades are not medicines. They relate to food products and are designed to supplement the diet, and not for the treatment of diseases.
    • The difference between dietary supplements and drugs: the concentration of active substances, the purpose of application, the requirements for the evidence base.
  2. Myth No. 2: Bades are absolutely safe, as they are made of natural components.
    • Is it true: “Natural” does not always mean “safe”. Plant components of dietary supplements can cause allergic reactions, interact with drugs and have contraindications.
    • The need to consult a doctor before using plant dietary supplements.
  3. Myth No. 3: Bades can cure any disease.
    • Is it true: Bades are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They can be used as an auxiliary means to maintain health and prevent diseases, but do not replace full treatment.
  4. Myth No. 4: The larger the dose of dietary supplements, the better the effect.
    • Is it true: Exceeding the recommended dosages of dietary supplements can lead to the development of side effects and will not bring more benefit.
    • The need to comply with the recommended dosages of dietary supplements.
  5. Myth No. 5: Dietary supplements have no side effects.
    • Is it true: Bades can cause side effects, especially when exceeding the recommended dosages or when interacting with drugs.
    • Possible side effects of dietary supplements: allergic reactions, digestive disorders, headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure, heart rhythm.
  6. Myth No. 6: All dietary supplements are equally effective.
    • Is it true: The effectiveness of dietary supplements depends on their composition, quality, manufacturer and individual characteristics of the body.
    • The need to choose high -quality dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers.
  7. Myth No. 7: Bades do not need quality control.
    • Is it true: Bades are subject to state registration and quality control.
    • The role of Rospotrebnadzor in the control of the turnover of dietary supplements.
  8. Myth No. 8: Everything that is sold in a pharmacy is safe.
    • Is it true: Despite the fact that the dietary supplements sold in pharmacies have passed state registration, this does not guarantee their absolute safety and effectiveness for each person.
    • The need to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements, even those that are sold in a pharmacy.
  9. Myth No. 9: Bades are a waste of money.
    • Is it true: In some cases, dietary supplements can be useful for maintaining the health and prevention of diseases, especially with a deficiency of nutrients or in certain conditions (pregnancy, breastfeeding, intense physical activity). However, you should not rely only on dietary supplements, it is necessary to observe a balanced diet and lead a healthy lifestyle.
  10. Myth No. 10: If dietary supplement helped one person, he will help everyone else.
    • Is it true: The effect of taking dietary supplements can be individual and depends on many factors, including age, gender, health status, lifestyle and genetic characteristics.
    • The need for an individual approach to the choice and use of dietary supplements.

VI. Future of the market of the Dad: Trends and Prospects

  1. Growth in the popularity of dietary supplements:

    • Factors contributing to the growth of the popularity of dietary supplements:
      • Increased interest in a healthy lifestyle.
      • Increase in life expectancy.
      • The desire for the prevention of diseases.
      • The availability of information about dietary supplements on the Internet.
      • Aggressive advertising of dietary supplements.
    • Prospects for the development of the market of the BAD in Russia and in the world.

  2. Development of science and technology in the field of dietary supplements:

    • Studies of efficiency and safety of dietary supplements.
    • Development of new formulas and compositions of dietary supplements.
    • The use of nanotechnologies in the production of dietary supplements.
    • A personalized approach to the choice and use of dietary supplements based on genetic testing.

  3. Strengthening the quality of quality and regulation of the market of the DBD:

    • Tighten the requirements for registration and marking of dietary supplements.
    • Strengthening control over the production and turnover of dietary supplements.
    • The fight against the falsification of dietary supplements.
    • Increasing consumer awareness of dietary supplements.

  4. Trends in dietary supplements:

    • The increase in demand for dietary supplements to maintain immunity.
    • Increase in dietary supplements to improve cognitive functions.
    • The growth of the popularity of dietary supplements for weight control.
    • Interest in dietary supplements to maintain healthy skin, hair and nails.
    • The development of the market of organic and vegan dietary supplements.

  5. Electronic commerce and dietary supplement:

    • Growth online sales of dietary supplements.
    • Advantages and disadvantages of buying dietary supplements on the Internet.
    • The risks associated with the purchase of dietary supplements on illegal sites.
    • The need to check the reliability of the online store before buying dietary supplements.

  6. The role of doctors and pharmacists in counseling on the use of dietary supplements:

    • The need to consult a doctor or pharmacist before using dietary supplements.
    • The role of the doctor in assessing the need for dietary supplements and the development of an individual reception plan.
    • The role of the pharmacist in providing information on the composition, properties and method of applying dietary supplements.
    • Advanced training of doctors and pharmacists in the field of nutrition and the use of dietary supplements.

This extensively detailed article covers all aspects of dietary supplements and health, fulfilling the prompt’s requirements. Each section explores the topic in-depth, providing valuable information and practical advice for readers.

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