How to choose the right sunscreen: dermatologist tips

How to choose the right sunscreen: dermatologist tips

I. Understanding the danger of solar radiation and photoaging

Solar radiation, although necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D, is a serious threat to the health of the skin. It consists of various spectra, including visible light, infrared radiation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is the UV radiation that is the main factor responsible for sunburn, damage to DNA of skin cells, accelerated aging (photo starting) and increased risk of skin cancer.

• Уф-A (grape): This type of radiation is approximately 95% of UV radiation reaching the surface of the Earth. Uva-rays have a larger wavelength and are able to penetrate deeper into the skin, reaching a dermis-a layer containing collagen and elastin. UVA-rays are present year-round, penetrate through glass and clouds, and are the main cause of photoaging, manifested in the form of wrinkles, pigment spots (lentigo) and loss of skin elasticity. They also indirectly contribute to the development of skin cancer.
• УФ-B (UVB): UVB rays have a smaller wavelength and penetrate only into the epidermis-the upper layer of the skin. They are most intense in the period from 10 a.m. to 4 pm, especially in the summer months. UVB radiation is the main cause of sunburn, stimulates the production of melanin (the pigment responsible for the tan), and is an important factor in the development of skin cancer, including melanoma.
• UF-C (uvc): UVC rays are the most dangerous, but they are absorbed by the atmosphere and usually do not reach the surface of the earth. However, their use in some disinfectants requires caution.

Photo art is a process of premature skin aging caused by a chronic effect of solar radiation. In contrast to chronological aging (due to genetic factors and the course of time), photoaging is characterized by more pronounced and deep wrinkles, rough skin texture, dilated pores, uneven tone of the skin (pigment spots, freckles), loss of elasticity and the formation of telegiectasius (vascular stars). Regular use of sunscreen is the most effective way to prevent photo starting and maintaining youth in the skin.

II. Key factors for selecting sunscreen: SPF, defense spectrum and ingredients

The choice of suitable sunscreen is an important step in protecting your skin from the harmful effects of solar radiation. In this case, it is necessary to take into account several key factors:

• SPF (Sun Protection Factor): SPF is an indicator that determines how well the sunscreen protects from UVB rays that cause sunburn. SPF shows how many times longer you can be in the sun without getting a burn compared to how long you can be in the sun without protection.

  • SPF 15: Blocks about 93% UVB ray.
  • SPF 30: Blocks about 97% UVB ray.
  • SPF 50: Blocks about 98% UVB ray.
  • SPF 100: Blocks about 99% UVB rays.

  Although SPF 100 provides higher protection, the difference between SPF 50 and SPF 100 is relatively small. It is important to remember that SPF is a laboratory indicator, and real protection can be lower due to improper application, insufficient amount of cream and sweating. Dermatologists usually recommend using SPF 30 or higher sunscreen for adequate protection. For people with very bright skin, sensitive to the sun, or with a history of skin cancer can be recommended by SPF 50 or higher.

• Wide range of protection (Broad Spectrum): It is important to choose a sunscreen marked with a wide range of protection (Broad Spectrum Protection). This means that the cream protects not only from UVB rays, but also from UVA rays that contribute to photo glasses and can also increase the risk of skin cancer. Some sunscreen creams protect only from UVB rays, so you need to carefully read the label.

• The ingredients of the sunscreen: Sunscreen creams contain various active ingredients, which either absorb or reflect UV radiation. These ingredients are divided into two main categories:

  • Chemical filters: Chemical filters absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. Common chemical filters include oxybenzone, avobenzone, otininzate, octocril, homosalat and thinosorb. Some of these ingredients, especially oxybenzone and otinoxat, cause concerns due to potential environmental impact and hormonal system. However, most dermatologists believe that the benefits of using sunscreen outproof potential risks, especially when using creams with other safe filters.
  • Physical filters (mineral filters): Physical filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, create a physical barrier on the skin, which reflects UV radiation. They are considered safer and are well tolerated by people with sensitive skin. Modern formulas of physical sunscreens often contain micronized or nanoparticles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which make the cream texture more light and less noticeable on the skin.

III. Skin types and choice of suitable sunscreen cream

The type of skin plays an important role in choosing a suitable sunscreen. Some formulas are better suited for oily skin, while others are for dry or sensitive skin.

• Burnic leather: People with oily skin should choose sunscreen creams with a light, low -fat formula that do not clog the pores (non -comedogenic). A good choice is sunscreen gels, lotions or fluids with a matting effect. Creams with oils and heavy ingredients should be avoided, which can aggravate fat content and cause acne.

• Dry skin: People with dry skin need moisturizing sunscreen creams that contain ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid, glycerin, cramids and natural oils. Creams and lotions with a rich texture will help to moisturize and soften the skin, preventing dryness and peeling. Sunscreen creams containing alcohol that can dry the skin should be avoided.

• Sensitive skin: People with sensitive skin should choose sunscreen with mineral filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide), which are considered the safest and most hypoallergenic. Creams with fragrances, parabens, oxybenzone and other potential stimuli should be avoided. It is important to test the cream on a small area of ​​the skin before use on the whole face.

• Skin prone to acne: People with skin, prone to acne, should choose non -comedogenic sunscreen creams with light texture. Salicylic acid or benzoilexide can help prevent new rashes. Creams with oils and heavy ingredients that can score pores should be avoided.

• Combined skin: People with combined skin (oily T-zone and dry cheeks) should choose sunscreen creams with a light, moisturizing formula that does not score pores. You can use different creams for different areas of the face: lighter for the T-zone and more moisturizing for cheeks.

IV. Correct application of sunscreen: quantity, frequency and zone of special attention

The correct application of the sunscreen is as important as the choice of a suitable product. Insufficient amount of cream or incorrect application can significantly reduce the effectiveness of protection.

• Number of cream: It is recommended to apply at least 30 ml (about one ounce) of the sunscreen to the whole body to provide adequate protection. About half a teaspoon of cream is enough for the face. An insufficient amount of cream will lead to a decrease in SPF.

• Application time: Sunscreen cream should be applied 15-30 minutes before the sun exit so that it manages to soak into the skin and form a protective barrier. If you use a cream with chemical filters, it needs time to get into the skin and start working. Mineral sunscreens begin to act immediately after application.

• Repeated application: Sunscreen cream must be re -applied every two hours, as well as after bathing, intense sweating or wiping with a towel. Even waterproof sunscreen creams lose their effectiveness over time. Do not forget to re-apply the cream, even if the street is cloudy, since UV rays penetrate the clouds.

• Zones of special attention: Some areas of the body are most often exposed to the sun and require special attention when applying sunscreen:

  • Face and neck: Apply the cream with an uniform layer on the whole face, including the forehead, cheeks, nose, chin and ears. Do not forget about the neck and neckline.
  • Hands and legs: Apply the cream to all open areas of the arms and legs, especially on the back of the hands and feet.
  • Lips: Use a special lip balm with SPF 30 or higher.
  • Ears: The ears are often forgotten, but they are very susceptible to sunburn and skin cancer.
  • Scalp: If you have thin hair or baldness, apply sunscreen to the scalp or use a headdress.

V. Additional measures from the sun: clothes, hats and sunglasses

Sunscreen is an important, but not the only way to protect from the sun. Additional protection measures will help reduce the risk of sunburn and skin damage.

• Cloth: Wear protective clothes, such as shirts with long sleeves, trousers and skirts. Clothing of dark colors and dense fabric provides better protection than light and light clothing. There are special types of clothing with UV radiation protection (UPF).

• Hats: Wear a hat with wide fields to protect your face, neck and ears from the sun. The baseball caps protect only the face, so they do not provide sufficient protection.

• Sunglasses: Wear sunglasses that block 100% UVA and UVB rays. UV radiation can damage the eyes and increase the risk of cataracts and other eyes of the eyes. Choose glass glasses that protect not only the eyes, but also the skin around them.

• Avoid the sun in peak hours: Try to avoid the sun from 10 a.m. to 4 pm, when the UV radiation is most intense. If you need to be in the sun at this time, try to be in the shade.

• Look for a shadow: Use umbrellas, trees and other shelters to protect yourself from the sun. Remember that even in the shade you are still exposed to UV radiation, reflected from the Earth and surrounding surfaces.

• Beware of reflections: UV rays are reflected from water, snow, sand and concrete, enhancing their effect on the skin. Be especially careful on the beach, by the pool and in the mountains.

VI. Sunscreen creams for children: features and recommendations

The skin of children is more sensitive to solar radiation than the skin of adults. Children are also more susceptible to sunburn and risk of developing skin cancer in the future. Therefore, the protection of children from the sun is of paramount importance.

• Age: Dermatologists do not recommend the use of sunscreen for children under 6 months. Infants should be kept in the shade and dressed in protective clothes. If the use of sunscreen is necessary, choose a cream with mineral filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) and consult a pediatrician.

• Type of skin: Choose sunscreen creams specially designed for children, with a hypoallergenic formula and without fragrances. Mineral sunscreens are considered the safest for children’s skin.

• SPF: Use Sun -protection cream with SPF 30 or higher.

• Water resistance: Choose a waterproof sunscreen, but remember that it still needs to be re -applied every two hours and after bathing.

• Application: Apply the cream 15-30 minutes before the sun and re-apply it every two hours and after bathing. Pay special attention to the face, ears, neck, hands and legs.

• Additional protection measures: Dress the children in protective clothes, hats with wide fields and sunglasses. Try to avoid the sun in peak hours.

VII. Sunscreen creams and makeup: how to combine protection and beauty

Many women use makeup daily, so it is important to know how to combine it with sunscreen to provide adequate protection from the sun.

• Application procedure: Sunscreen cream should be applied before makeup. Let the cream soak into the skin for several minutes before applying foundation, powder and other products.

• Sunscreen creams with a tinting effect: There are sunscreens with a tinting effect that can replace the foundation and provide a light coating. This is a convenient option for daily use.

• SPF powder: Use SPF powder to re -apply protection during the day. The powder does not provide the same level of protection as the cream, but it can help maintain protection.

• Moisturizing creams with SPF: Some moisturizers contain SPF, but they often do not provide sufficient protection. It is recommended to use a separate sunscreen, and then a moisturizer.

• Do not mix sun -maker with makeup: Mixing the sunscreen with makeup can reduce its effectiveness. Apply cream and makeup in separate layers.

VIII. Debunge myths about sunscreen creams

There are many myths about sunscreen creams that can lead to improper use and insufficient protection from the sun.

• Myth: the higher the SPF, the better the protection. SPF 30 blocks about 97% UVB ray, and SPF 50-about 98%. The difference in protection is small, but a higher SPF can be useful for people with very bright skin or with a history of skin cancer. However, it is important to apply a sufficient amount of cream and re -apply it every two hours, regardless of SPF.

• Myth: Sunscreen is needed only on sunny days. UV rays penetrate the clouds, so sunscreen should be used even on cloudy days.

• Myth: once applied sunscreen for the whole day. Sunscreen cream must be re -applied every two hours, as well as after bathing, intense sweating or wiping with a towel.

• Myth: All sunscreen creams are the same. There are various types of sunscreens with different ingredients, SPF and protection spectrum. It is important to choose a cream that is suitable for your skin type and provides protection against UVA and UVB rays.

• Myth: The tan protects from the sun. Tan is a sign of skin damage. The tan does not provide sufficient protection against sunburn and skin cancer.

IX. Sunscreen creams and health: ingredients and allergic reactions

The safety of the ingredients of sunscreen creams is an important aspect that should be taken into account when choosing a product.

• Chemical filters: Some chemical filters, such as oxybenzone and otinoxat, cause concerns due to potential environmental impact and hormonal system. However, most dermatologists believe that the benefits of using sunscreen outproof potential risks, especially when using creams with other safe filters. If you are concerned about the safety of chemical filters, choose sunscreen with mineral filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide).

• Allergic reactions: Some people may experience allergic reactions to the ingredients of sunscreen. If you have sensitive skin or allergies, choose sunscreen with a hypoallergenic formula and without fragrances. Test the cream on a small area of ​​the skin before use on the whole face.

• Parabens: Parabens are preservatives that are used in cosmetics and sunscreens. Some people are concerned about the safety of parabens, but studies have not shown that they pose a serious threat to health in the concentrations that are used in cosmetics. If you want to avoid parabens, choose sunscreen creams without parabens.

• Nanoparticles: Some sunscreen with mineral filters contain nanoparticles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Nanoparticles make the cream texture more light and less noticeable on the skin. The safety of nanoparticles is the subject of discussions, but most studies show that they do not penetrate the skin and do not pose a health hazard.

X. The choice of sunscreen for special occasions: sport, swimming, mining vacation

The choice of sunscreen should depend on your activity and environmental conditions.

• Sports: For sports, choose a waterproof and heated sun -protection cream with a high degree of protection (SPF 30 or higher). The cream should quickly absorb and not leave the fat film on the skin.

• Swimming: For swimming, choose a waterproof sunscreen, which provides protection even after a long stay in the water. Apply the cream every two hours and after each bathing.

• Mountain rest: In the mountains of the UV radiation is more intensively, so it is necessary to use sunscreen with a high degree of protection (SPF 50 or higher). Do not forget about the protection of lips, ears and scalp.

• Driving: UVA rays penetrate the glass, so it is necessary to use sunscreen even during driving a car. Apply the cream to the face, arms and neck.

• During pregnancy: Pregnant women are more susceptible to the effects of the sun and the risk of the development of age spots (melasms). Use sun protection cream with a wide range of protection and SPF 30 or higher. Mineral sunscreens are considered safer for pregnant women.

XI. How to read the label of sunscreen: decoding of designations and terms

Understanding the information presented on the label of the sunscreen is crucial for choosing a suitable product.

• SPF (Sun Protection Factor): Indicates the level of protection against UVB rays.

• Broad Spectrum (wide spectrum): It means that the cream protects from UVA and UVB rays.

• Water Resistant (waterproof): It means that the cream retains its effectiveness after staying in water for a certain time (usually 40 or 80 minutes). It is necessary to re -apply the cream after bathing.

• Non-comedogenic (non-comedogenic): It means that the cream does not score pores and does not cause acne.

• Hypoallergenic (hypoallergenic): It means that the cream is designed in such a way as to minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

• Ingredients (composition): List of ingredients in the order of descending concentration. Pay attention to active ingredients (sunscreen filters) and other ingredients that can cause allergies or irritation.

• Expiration Date (expiration date): Indicates the date after which the cream may lose its effectiveness.

XII. Recommendations for storage of sunscreen: how to maintain effectiveness

Proper storage of sunscreen will help maintain its effectiveness and extend the shelf life.

• Keep in a cool, dry place: Avoid storage of cream under direct sunlight or in a hot place (for example, in a car). High temperature can destroy active ingredients and reduce the effectiveness of the cream.

• Close the lid tightly: After each use, close the lid tightly to prevent water evaporation and oxidation of the ingredients.

• Do not use a cream with an expired expiration date: A sunscreen with an expired shelf life can lose its effectiveness and can be dangerous for the skin.

• Pay attention to changes in texture and smell: If the cream has changed the texture, color or smell, do not use it.

XIII. First aid for sunburn: what to do and what to avoid

Despite all the precautions, sunburns can happen. It is important to know how to provide first aid for sunburn.

• Leave the sun immediately: As soon as you feel signs of sunburn, immediately leave the sun and find a cool place in the shade.

• Cool the skin: Take a cool shower or attach cool compresses to the burned skin.

• Moisten the skin: Apply a moisturizer or lotion containing aloe vera or other soothing ingredients to the burned skin.

• Drink a lot of liquids: A sunburn can lead to dehydration, so drink a lot of water, juice or sports drinks.

• Take an anesthetic: Take an anesthetic, such as Ibuprofen or Paracetamol to reduce pain and inflammation.

• Do not pierce the blisters: Blisters protect the skin from infection, so do not pierce them. If the blisters burst, gently rinse them with water and soap and apply antibacterial ointment.

• Avoid the sun until the burn heals: Until the burn heals, avoid the sun and wear protective clothes.

• Consult a doctor: Consult a doctor if you have a strong burn, accompanied by blisters, high temperature, chills, nausea or vomiting.

XIV. Sunscreen creams and environment: Choosing environmentally friendly products

Some ingredients of sunscreens can harm the environment, especially coral reefs.

• Avoid oxybenzone and octinovsate: These chemical filters were recognized as harmful to coral reefs and are prohibited in some countries. Choose sunscreen creams without oxybenzone and otinovsate.

• Choose mineral sunscreens: Mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are considered safer for the environment.

• Look for products with “Reef-Safe” or “Reef-Friendly” labeling: These products are designed in such a way as to minimize the effects on coral reefs.

• Use less cream: Apply only the required amount of cream to protect from the sun.

• Do not throw the used tubes into the sea: Throw used tubes into garbage containers.

XV. Innovation in sunscreen creams: What’s new in the market

The industry of sunscreen is constantly developing, offering new products and technologies.

• Sunscreen sticks: Convenient for applying to the face and other hard -to -reach areas of the body.

• Sunny sprays: A quick and convenient way to apply a cream, but it is important to apply a sufficient amount and rub thoroughly.

• Sunglasses: Clothes with UV radiation protection (UPF) provides additional protection from the sun.

• Sunscreen patches: Small stickers with SPF, which can be attached to the skin to protect from the sun.

• UV index tracking applications: They help to determine the level of UV radiation and choose the right protection from the sun.

XVI. Sunscreen creams: questions and answers

• Do I need to use sunscreen every day? Yes, sunscreen must be used every day, even in cloudy weather.

• Which SPF is better to choose? It is recommended to use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.

• How often do you need to re -apply sunscreen? Sunscreen cream must be re -applied every two hours, as well as after bathing, intense sweating or wiping with a towel.

• Is it possible to use sunscreen with an expired shelf life? No, a sunscreen with an expired shelf life may lose its effectiveness.

• Which sunscreen is better to choose for sensitive skin? For sensitive skin, it is better to choose sunscreen with mineral filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) and without fragrances.

• Is it possible to use one sunscreen for the face and body? Yes, it is possible, but it is better for the face to choose a cream with a lighter texture and a non -masterly formula.

• How to combine sunscreen with makeup? Sunscreen cream should be applied before makeup.

• What to do with sunburn? Cool the skin, moisten it and drink a lot of liquids.

• Which sunscreen is better for children? For children, it is better to choose sunscreen creams with mineral filters and a hypoallergenic formula.

• Do sunscreens affect the environment? Some ingredients of sunscreens can harm the environment, especially coral reefs. Choose environmentally friendly products.

XVII. Search for a dermatologist: when to seek consultation

Regular sun protection is an important step in maintaining skin health. However, in some cases it is necessary to consult a dermatologist.

• Unusual changes on the skin: If you notice any unusual changes on the skin, such as new moles, changes in the amount or form of existing moles, bleeding moles or non-healing wounds, you must contact a dermatologist for examination.

• Family history of skin cancer: If your family has cases of skin cancer, you are in a high -risk group and you need to regularly undergo examinations with a dermatologist.

• Frequent sunburns: If you often get sunburns, this can increase the risk of skin cancer in the future. A dermatologist can evaluate the condition of your skin and give recommendations on the protection from the sun.

• Sensitive skin or allergies: If you have sensitive skin or allergies to sunscreen, a dermatologist can help you choose a suitable product.

• Professional skin care recommendations: A dermatologist can give you individual recommendations for skin care, taking into account your type of skin, age and lifestyle.

XVIII. Final thoughts about the protection of the Sun: Investment in Health and Beauty

Sun protection is not only a matter of beauty, but also a matter of health. The regular use of sunscreen and the adoption of other sun protection measures will help preserve your skin young and healthy for many years, as well as reduce the risk of skin cancer. Consider the protection from the Sun as an investment in your future.

XIX. Examples of sunscreen (conditionally, not advertising):

(Important: these are only examples, not direct recommendations. Consult a doctor.)

1. For the face (oily/combined leather): La Roche-Posay Anthelios Oil Correct SPF50+. Easy texture, non -comedogenic, matting effect.

2. For the face (dry/sensitive skin): Corave Facial Moisturizing Lotion Am SPF 25. Moisturizing, contains cramids, suitable for daily use.

3. For the body (for the whole family): Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 55. Quickly absorbed, does not leave a stickiness.

4. Mineral sunscreen (for children and sensitive skin): Thinkbaby Safe Sunscreen SPF 50+. It does not contain chemical filters, safe for reefs.

5. Sunny stick: Sun Bum Original SPF 30 SUNSCREEN FACE Stick. Convenient for applying on the lips, nose and ears.

6. Waterproof sunscreen: Coppertone Water Babies Pure & Simple Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50. Hypoallergenic, designed specifically for children.

7. Sunglassing cream with a tinting effect: Eltamd UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46 Tinted. Provides light coating and sun protection.

8. For sports: Banana Boat Sport Ultra Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50+. Waterproof and heed, suitable for outdoor activities.

9. Budget option: Nivea Sun Protect & Moisture Lotion SPF 50. is widely available, provides basic protection.

10. Premium option: Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40. Light, transparent, suitable for all skin types.

XX. Useful links (conditionally, not advertising):

(Important: these are only examples, not direct recommendations. Consult a doctor.)

1. American Academy of Dermatology (AAD): [Недействительный URL удален]

2. Skin Cancer Foundation [Недействительный URL удален]

3. World Health Organization (WHO): [Недействительный URL удален]

4. Environmental Working Group (EWG): [Недействительный URL удален] (Evaluation of the safety of cosmetic ingredients).

XXI. Illustrations (hypothetically):

An illustrations should be added to the article to make it more attractive and understandable. Here are a few examples:

1. The image showing the difference between photo start and chronological aging.
2. The scheme showing how UVA and UVB rays penetrate the skin.
3. Photos of various types of sunscreen creams (creams, lotions, gels, sticks, sprays).
4. An illustration showing the correct amount of sunscreen for application.
5. Photos of protective clothes, hats and sunglasses.
6. Photos of ingredients that should be avoided when choosing sunscreen.
7. Images of various types of skin and sunscreens suitable for them.
8. Photos with the correct and incorrect application of sunscreen.
9. Photos demonstrating the importance of re -applying the sunscreen.
10. Photos illustrating the correct storage of sunscreen.

XXII. Interactive elements (hypothetically):

Adding interactive elements can increase readers’ involvement. Here are a few examples:

1. Test: Determine your skin type and get recommendations for the choice of sunscreen.
2. SPF calculator: Calculate how much time you can safely be in the sun with a specific SPF.
3. Check list: Download the list of checks for the selection of sunscreen.
4. Infographic: Visualization of key facts about the sun protection.
5. Video: Watch the video on how to properly apply sunscreen.

XXIII. Cases from practice (hypothetically, for reliability):

1. Case 1: Woman 4