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Content
1. Understanding the protection from the Sun: why is it necessary
- 1.1 effect of ultraviolet radiation (UFI) on the skin
- 1.1.1 UVA-rays: skin aging, pigmentation and indirect DNA damage
- 1.1.2 UVB-rays: sunburns, direct DNA damage and the main risk factor for skin cancer
- 1.1.3 UVC rays: usually filtered by the atmosphere, but are potentially dangerous when the ozone layer is destroyed
- 1.2 photo starting: premature skin aging caused by the effects of the sun
- 1.2.1 Loss of elasticity and skin elasticity
- 1.2.2 The appearance of wrinkles and folds
- 1.2.3 pigment spots (age spots, freckles)
- 1.2.4 Vascular changes (telangiectasia, rosacea)
- 1.3 skin cancer: the most common types and risk factors
- 1.3.1 basalioma: the most common type, usually does not spread, but can cause deformation
- 1.3.2 Placellular cancer: more aggressive than basalioma can metastasize
- 1.3.3 melanoma: the most dangerous type of skin cancer, a high tendency to metastasis
- 1.3.4 Risk factors: bright skin, family history, excessive stay in the sun, sunburn in the past, the presence of a large number of moles
- 1.4 Other adverse consequences of the exposure of the Sun
- 1.4.1 Sun burn: Inflammatory reaction of the skin to the excessive effect of UV radiation
- 1.4.2 photosensitization: increased skin sensitivity to the sun caused by some drugs or cosmetics
- 1.4.3 Thermal blow and sunny blow: overheating of the body due to the effects of high temperatures and the sun
- 1.4.4 Eye damage: cataract, degeneration of the yellow spot, pterigium
2. SPF and PA: We understand the marking of sunscreen
- 2.1 SPF (Sun Protection Factor): Sun protection factor indicating the level of protection against UVB rays
- 2.1.1 SPF 15: Blocks about 93% UVB ray
- 2.1.2 SPF 30: Blocks about 97% UVB rays
- 2.1.3 SPF 50: Blocks about 98% UVB rays
- 2.1.4 The importance of re -application: SPF provides protection only for a certain period of time and should be regularly updated, especially after bathing or sweating
- 2.2 PA (Protection Grade of UVA): a system for assessing protection against UVA ray, used in Asia
- 2.2.1 PA+: weak protection
- 2.2.2 pa ++: moderate protection
- 2.2.3 pa +++: good protection
- 2.2.4 PA ++++: very high protection
- 2.3 Wide spectrum of action (Broad Spectrum): Protection against UVA and UVB rays
- 2.3.1 Checking the marking “wide spectrum” on the packaging
- 2.3.2 The importance of protection against UVA rays to prevent photo starting
- 2.4 water resistance and moisture resistance: what do these terms mean
- 2.4.1 Water resistance: Sunscreen retains its effectiveness after 40 minutes of stay in water
- 2.4.2 Moisture resistance: the sunscreen retains its effectiveness after 80 minutes of stay in water
- 2.4.3 The need for re -application after bathing or sweating, even if the product is declared as a waterproof or moisture resistant
3. Types of sunscreen: choosing the best option
- 3.1 Physical (mineral) sunscreen: Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide
- 3.1.1 Principle of action: reflect UV rays from the skin
- 3.1.2 Advantages: Suitable for sensitive skin, pregnant women and children; provide a wide range of protection; Ecologically safe
- 3.1.3 Disadvantages: they can leave white plaque on the skin; The texture can be more dense and difficult
- 3.2 Chemical sunscreen: Avobenzone, Octinoxat, Octisalat and others
- 3.2.1 Principle of action: absorb UV rays and convert them into heat
- 3.2.2 Advantages: light texture; do not leave white plaque; Often more waterproof
- 3.2.3 Disadvantages: can cause skin irritation in some people; Potentially harmful to the marine environment (Octinoxat and oxybenzone)
- 3.3 sprays: convenience and simplicity of application
- 3.3.1 Advantages: quick application to large areas of the skin; It is convenient to use on the beach or during sports
- 3.3.2 Disadvantages: It is difficult to control the uniformity of application; It is necessary to inhale with caution; higher probability of skip of skin areas
- 3.3.3 Recommendations for use: spray in a well -ventilated room; Keep the spray close to the skin; apply a sufficient amount
- 3.4 lotions and creams: classic options for reliable protection
- 3.4.1 Advantages: easy to control the amount of the applied tool; Provide uniform coating
- 3.4.2 Disadvantages: require more time to apply than sprays
- 3.5 sticks: convenient for local use (lips, nose, ears)
- 3.5.1 Advantages: compact size; It is convenient to carry with you; ideal for protecting sensitive skin
- 3.5.2 Disadvantages: can be fat; Not suitable for application to large areas of the skin
- 3.6 gels: light texture, quickly absorbed
- 3.6.1 Advantages: suitable for oily skin; do not score pores; Quickly absorbed
- 3.6.2 Disadvantages: may not be moisturizing enough for dry skin
- 3.7 sunscreen for children: Features and requirements
- 3.7.1 Mineral sunscreen: preferred option for children
- 3.7.2 Hypoallergenic formulas: minimizing the risk of allergic reactions
- 3.7.3 High SPF: Sun protection is especially important for children whose skin is more sensitive
- 3.7.4 water resistance: children often spend a lot of time in water, so water resistance is important
- 3.8 sunscreen for the face: taking into account the type of skin and needs
- 3.8.1 for oily skin: light formulas that do not clog pores (for example, gels)
- 3.8.2 for dry skin: moisturizing formulas with hyaluronic acid and other moisturizing components (for example, creams)
- 3.8.3 for sensitive skin: mineral sunscreen with soothing ingredients (for example, chamomile or aloe vera)
- 3.8.4 Sunscreen with anti -aging effect: contain antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E) and other ingredients fighting signs of aging
4. Ingredients of sunscreen: what to pay attention to
- 4.1 Antioxidants: Free radical protection
- 4.1.1 Vitamin C: stimulates the production of collagen, lightens the skin
- 4.1.2 Vitamin E: moisturizes the skin, protects against damage caused by free radicals
- 4.1.3 Green tea: antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties
- 4.1.4 Resveratrol: protects against damage caused by UV radiation
- 4.2 moisturizing components: hyaluronic acid, glycerin, cramids
- 4.2.1 Hyaluronic acid: holds moisture in the skin
- 4.2.2 glycerin: moisturizes and softens the skin
- 4.2.3 Ceramides: restore the skin barrier
- 4.3 Soothing ingredients: aloe vera, chamomile, calendula
- 4.3.1 Aloe Vera: calms and moisturizes the skin, relieves inflammation
- 4.3.2 Chamomile: anti -inflammatory and soothing properties
- 4.3.3 calendula: healing and anti -inflammatory properties
- 4.4 Avoid harmful ingredients: parabens, phthalates, oxybenzone, oktinovsate
- 4.4.1 Parabens and phthalates: Potential endocrine destroyers
- 4.4.2 Oxybenzone and oktinoxat: harmful to the marine environment, can cause allergic reactions
- 4.5 Nanoparticles: Should they be afraid?
- 4.5.1 Oxide zinc and titanium dioxide in nanoform: can they penetrate the skin?
- 4.5.2 Scientific research: most studies show that nanoparticles do not penetrate into the skin in significant quantities
- 4.5.3 Alternatives: Use sunscreen with a non-shaped zinc oxide and titanium dioxide if you are concerned about
5. Overview of the best sunscreen: the top 10 recommended products
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Note: This section will contain detailed reviews of 10 different sunscreen, including their characteristics, pros and cons, the composition, price and reviews of customers. The following information will be provided for each product:
- Product name: The full name of the sunscreen.
- Type: Physical, chemical, spray, lotion, stick, gel.
- SPF/PA: The level of protection from the sun.
- Wide spectrum of action: Confirmation of protection against UVA and UVB rays.
- Main ingredients: List of key active and useful ingredients.
- Type of skin: Recommendations for different types of skin (oily, dry, sensitive, combined).
- Advantages: A detailed description of the positive properties of the product (texture, absorption, resistance, moisture, lack of white plaque, etc.).
- Flaws: An honest indication of possible product disadvantages (price, smell, stickiness, etc.).
- Price: Estimated price of the product (in rubles or dollars).
- Customer reviews: A brief review of customer reviews (positive and negative).
- Where to buy: Links to online stores or retail chains where you can purchase a product.
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Examples of products (hypothetical, to illustrate the structure of the review):
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Product 1: La Roche-Posay Anthelios Melt-in Sunscreen Milk SPF 60
- Type: Chemical lotion
- SPF/PA: SPF 60 / PA++++
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: Avobenzone, Octinoxat, titanium dioxide, thermal water La Roche-Posay
- Skin type: for all skin types, including sensitive
- Advantages: light texture, quickly absorbed, does not leave a white plaque, moisturizes well, a high degree of protection
- Disadvantages: Contains chemical filters, can be expensive
- Price: 2500 rub.
- Customer reviews: most buyers are satisfied with the texture and efficiency of protection, but some note a high price
- Where to buy: Apteka.ru, Golden Apple
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Product 2: Eltamd UV Clear Broad-SPECTRUM SPF 46
- Type: Physical lotion
- SPF/PA: SPF 46
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, niacinamide, hyaluronic acid
- Skin type: for problematic and sensitive skin
- Advantages: Non -comedogenic, contains niacinamide to reduce redness, moisturizes well, suitable for skin with acne
- Disadvantages: can leave a light white plaque on dark skin, a specific smell
- Price: 3000 rub.
- Customer reviews: Many buyers with problem skin note an improvement in the condition of the skin after use, but some complain about white coating
- Where to buy: Skinstore, Cult Beauty
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Product 3: Thinksport Safe Sunscreen SPF 50+
- Type: Physical cream
- SPF/PA: SPF 50+
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: zinc oxide
- Skin type: for all skin types, including sensitive and children’s
- Advantages: Safe composition (without oxybenzone and octinovsate), waterproof, suitable for children
- Disadvantages: dense texture, can leave a white plaque, requires careful application
- Price: 1800 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers value the safe composition and water resistance, but mark the dense texture and white plaque
- Where to buy: iHerb, Wildberries
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Product 4: Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 55
- Type: Chemical cream
- SPF/PA: SPF 55
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: Avobenzone, Gomosalat, Octisalat, Oxybenzon
- Skin type: for all skin types
- Advantages: light texture, quickly absorbed, affordable price
- Disadvantages: contains chemical filters, can cause irritation in sensitive skin
- Price: 800 rub.
- Customer reviews: many buyers are satisfied with easy texture and affordable price, but some note skin irritation
- Where to buy: L’Etual, girlfriend
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Product 5: Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40
- Type: Chemical gel
- SPF/PA: SPF 40
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: Avobenzone, homosalat, octisalat
- Skin type: for all skin types
- Advantages: Invisible texture, does not leave a bold shine, suitable as a base for makeup
- Disadvantages: High price, contains chemical filters
- Price: 4000 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers value an invisible texture and the ability to use as a base for makeup, but mark a high price
- Where to buy: Sephora, Space NK
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Product 6: Avene Very High Protection Cream SPF 50+
- Type: mixed (physical and chemical filters)
- SPF/PA: SPF 50+ / PA++++
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: titanium dioxide, Tinosorb S, Avene thermal water
- Skin type: for sensitive skin
- Advantages: suitable for sensitive skin, high degree of protection, contains Avene thermal water to calm the skin
- Disadvantages: can leave light white plaque, dense texture
- Price: 2000 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers with sensitive skin note the lack of irritation, but some complain about white plaque
- Where to buy: Apteka.ru, Golden Apple
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Product 7: Badger Balm Baby Sunscreen Cream SPF 30
- Type: Physical cream
- SPF/PA: SPF 30
- Wide range of action: yes
- Basic ingredients: zinc oxide, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, chamomile
- Skin type: for children’s skin
- Advantages: Safe composition, suitable for children, contains organic ingredients
- Disadvantages: dense texture, can leave a white plaque
- Price: 1,500 rubles.
- Customer reviews: parents value the safe composition and natural ingredients, but mark the dense texture
- Where to buy: iHerb, Wildberries
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Product 8: Corave Hydrating Sunscreen Face Lotion SPF 30
- Type: Physical lotion
- SPF/PA: SPF 30
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, ceramides, niacinamide, hyaluronic acid
- Type of skin: for normal and dry skin
- Advantages: moisturizes the skin, contains cramids to restore the skin barrier, does not cause irritation
- Disadvantages: can leave a light white plaque, is not suitable for oily skin
- Price: 1200 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers with dry skin mark good moisture, but some complain about white plaque
- Where to buy: Apteka.ru, Golden Apple
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Product 9: Coola Classic Body Organic Sunscreen Spray SPF 30
- Type: Chemical Spray
- SPF/PA: SPF 30
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: Avobenzone, homosalat, octisalat, organic plant extracts
- Skin type: for all skin types
- Advantages: light texture, conveniently apply, contains organic ingredients
- Disadvantages: Contains chemical filters, can be expensive
- Price: 3500 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers value the convenience of application and light texture, but mark a high price
- Where to buy: Sephora, Space NK
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Product 10: Shiseido Ultimate Sun Protector Lotion SPF 50+
- Type: mixed (physical and chemical filters)
- SPF/PA: SPF 50+ / PA++++
- Wide range of action: yes
- Main ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, Tinosorb S, Wetforce Technology
- Skin type: for all skin types
- Advantages: high degree of protection, waterproof, Wetforce technology enhances protection when contacting water and then, light texture
- Disadvantages: High price
- Price: 4500 rub.
- Customer reviews: Buyers value high degree of protection and water resistance, but note a high price
- Where to buy: l’eteral, golden apple
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6. How to use sunscreen correctly: step -by -step instructions
- 6.1 apply a sufficient amount: the rule of two fingers or a quarter of a teaspoon
- 6.1.1 for the face: about a quarter of a teaspoon (or quantity corresponding to two fingers)
- 6.1.2 for the body: approximately 30 ml (or quantity sufficient to cover the whole body)
- 6.2 apply 15-30 minutes before going to the sun
- 6.2.1 This is necessary in order for the sunscreen to be absorbed into the skin and form a protective layer
- 6.3 Repeat the application every 2 hours or after bathing or sweating
- 6.3.1, even waterproof sunscreen must be re -applied after bathing or intensive sweating
- 6.4 Do not forget about the protection of lips, ears, neck and other open areas of the skin
- 6.4.1 Use lip balm with SPF
- 6.4.2 apply the sunscreen to the ears and neck, which often pass
- 6.5 Use sunscreen even in cloudy weather
- 6.5.1 UV rays can penetrate the clouds
- 6.6 Keep the sunscreen in a cool place, away from direct sunlight
- 6.6.1 High temperature can reduce the efficiency of sunscreen
- 6.7 Check the shelf life of the sunscreen
- 6.7.1 Do not use the sunscreen with expired shelf life
7. Myths and errors about sunscreen
- 7.1 “I do not need sunscreen, I have dark skin”
- 7.1.1 The dark skin really provides some natural protection from the sun, but it is still subject to damage from UV radiation and the risk of developing skin cancer.
- 7.2 “SPF 100 provides twice as much protection than SPF 50”
- 7.2.1 SPF 100 blocks about 99% UVB rays, and SPF 50 blocks about 98%. The difference in protection is small, but SPF 100 can create a false sense of safety, which leads to a smaller number of repeated application.
- 7.3 “Sunscreen blocks the production of vitamin D”
- 7.3.1 The sunscreen can really reduce the production of vitamin D, but most people get a sufficient amount of vitamin D from food or additives.
- 7.4 “I do not need a sunscreen if I am in the shade”
- 7.4.1 Shadow provides some protection against direct sunlight, but UV rays can be reflected from surfaces, such as water, sand and snow.
- 7.5 “All sunscreen are the same”
- 7.5.1 Different sunscreen contain different active ingredients and provide a different degree of protection. It is important to choose a sunscreen that is suitable for your skin type and needs.
8. Additional measures of sun protection
- 8.1 Wear protective clothes: wide -brimmed hats, sunglasses, clothes with long sleeves
- 8.1.1 choose clothes made of dense fabrics that provide better protection from the sun
- 8.1.2 Consider the possibility of using clothing with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)
- 8.2 Avoid the sun in peak time: from 10:00 to 16:00
- 8.2.1 at this time the sun’s rays are most intense
- 8.3 Look for a shadow: under trees, umbrellas, awnings
- 8.3.1 Remember that the shadow does not provide complete protection from the sun
- 8.4 regularly check the skin for signs of skin cancer
- 8.4.1 consult a doctor if you notice any new or changing moles or spots on the skin
- 8.5 Protect your eyes: wear sunglasses with protection against UVA and UVB rays
- 8.5.1 Make sure that sunglasses meet security standards
- 8.6 moisturize the skin after staying in the sun
- 8.6.1 Use moisturizers and lotions to restore the skin after exposure to the sun
9. Sunscreen and environmental
- 9.1 The influence of some sunscreen filters on the marine environment
- 9.1.1 Oxybenzone and Octinovsate: damage coral reefs and other marine organisms
- 9.2 Alternatives: Mineral sunscreen and sunscreen with a safe chemical filters for the environment
- 9.2.1 Mineral sunscreen: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide do not harm the marine environment
- 9.2.2 Read the composition: Choose sunscreen that do not contain oxybenzone and oktinovsate
- 9.3 Sustainable packaging: choose sunscreen in a package suitable for processing
- 9.3.1 Consider the possibility of using sunscreen in the form of sticks or solid creams to avoid the use of plastic packaging
10. Sunscreen for different activities
- 10.1 Sunscreen for the beach: water resistance, high SPF, wide spectrum of action
- 10.1.1 choose waterproof sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher
- 10.1.2 Do not forget about re -application after swimming or sweating
- 10.2 Sunscare for sports: sweat resistance, light texture, not clogging pores
- 10.2.1 choose sunscreen that will not drain from the face during sports
- 10.2.2 Look for sunscreens marked “non -comic”
- 10.3 Sunscreen for the city: light texture, the possibility of use for makeup, protection against pollution
- 10.3.1 Choose sunscreen that will not leave fatty shine on the skin
- 10.3.2 Consider the possibility of using sunscreen with antioxidants to protect against pollution
- 10.4 Sunscare for mountains: high SPF, protection against reflected sunlight, moisturizing
- 10.4.1 In the mountains the sun’s rays are more intense, so a high degree of protection is necessary
- 10.4.2 Use sunscreen with moisturizing components to prevent dry skin
11. Sunscare and drugs: interaction and photosensitization
- 11.1 some drugs can increase the sensitivity of the skin to the sun (photosensitization)
- 11.1.1 Antibiotics, antidepressants, anti -inflammatory drugs and other
- 11.2 If you take medications, talk with your doctor about possible risks of photosensitization
- 11.2.1 The doctor may advise you to use a sunscreen with a higher SPF and take additional precautions
- 11.3 Read the instructions for medicines and cosmetic products for warning about photosensitization
- 11.3.1 If you notice redness, itching or burn after staying in the sun, stop using the product and consult a doctor.
12. Frequently asked questions about sunscreen
- Question: Do I need to use the sunscreen every day?
- Answer: Yes, it is necessary to use the sunscreen every day, even in cloudy weather, as UV rays can penetrate through the clouds.
- Question: How often do you need to update the sunscreen?
- Answer: The sunscreen must be updated every 2 hours or after bathing or sweating.
- Question: What SPF do I need?
- Answer: It is recommended to use the sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
- Question: What sunscreen are safe for children?
- Answer: For children, it is better to use mineral sunscreens with a safe composition and high SPF.
- Question: How to choose a sunscreen for my skin type?
- Answer: Choose a sunscreen that is suitable for your skin type (oily, dry, sensitive, combined).
- Question: Is it possible to use a sunscreen with an expired shelf life?
- Answer: No, it is not recommended to use a sunscreen with an expired shelf life, since it can be less effective.
- Question: What to do if I got a sunburn?
- Answer: Apply a soothing cream or lotion to the affected areas, drink a lot of liquids and avoid the sun. If the burn is strong, consult a doctor.
- Question: How to protect the scalp from the sun?
- Answer: Wear a headdress or use a sunscreen for hair.
- Question: Do I need to use the sunscreen if I am indoors?
- Answer: If you are next to the window, it is recommended to use the sunscreen, since UVA-rays can penetrate the glass.
- Question: How to distinguish the physical sunscreens from a chemical remedy?
- Answer: Physical sunscreens contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide as active ingredients, and chemical sunshields contain other chemical filters.
13. The future of sunscreen: innovation and development
- 13.1 Development of more effective and safe sunscreen filters
- 13.1.1 Studies of new ingredients that provide a wider range of protection and do not harm the environment
- 13.2 Improving the texture and absorption of sunscreen
- 13.2.1 Development of light formulas that do not leave white plaque and do not score pores
- 13.3 Integration of sunscreens into everyday cosmetics
- 13.3.1 Development of tonal creams, powder and other cosmetics with SPF
- 13.4 personalized sunscreen
- 13.4.1 Creation of sunscreen adapted to individual needs and skin type
- 13.5 Development of sunscreens that stimulate the production of vitamin D
- 13.5.1 Studies of new technologies that allow the skin to produce vitamin D, simultaneously protecting it from UV radiation
- 13.6 “Smart” sunscreen that report the need for re -application
- 13.6.1 Development of sensors and applications that monitor the level of exposure to UV radiation and resemble the need to re-apply the sunscreen.
14. Glossary of terms associated with the protection from the sun
- Uva-rays: Ultraviolet rays of type A, penetrating deep into the skin and causing photoaging.
- UVB rays: Ultraviolet rays of type B, causing sunburn and DNA damage.
- UVC rays: Ultraviolet rays of the type C are usually filtered by the atmosphere.
- SPF (Sun Protection Factor): The sun protection factor indicating the level of protection against UVB rays.
- PA (Protection Grade of UVA): The system for assessing protection against UVA ray used in Asia.
- Wide spectrum of action (Broad Spectrum): Protection against UVA and UVB rays.
- Water resistance: The ability of the sunscreen to maintain its effectiveness after 40 minutes of stay in water.
- Moisture resistance: The ability of the sunscreen to maintain its effectiveness after 80 minutes of stay in water.
- Physical (mineral) sunscreens: The sunscreen containing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
- Chemical sunscreen: The sunscreen containing