hair and nails in women

Hair and nails in women: a comprehensive guide for health and beauty

Section 1: fundamental knowledge about hair

• 1.1. Hair structure: beauty anatomy

  Hair is a complex structure consisting of several main components. Understanding these components is necessary for conscious care and solving problems.

  • Hair rod (Cortex): The most massive part of the hair, which is about 90% of its volume. The rod consists of intertwined keratin fibers, which determine the elasticity, strength and texture of the hair. The cortex also contains melanin, the pigment responsible for hair color. The amount and type of melanin determine the shade of hair: Eumlanin – dark shades, Feomlanin – red and light.
  • Cuticle (Cuticle): The outer protective layer of the hair, consisting of tightly adjacent scales, resembling tiles. The cuticle plays the role of a barrier that protects the inner layers from damage, moisture and chemical influences. A healthy cuticle is smooth and reflects the light, giving the hair shine. The damaged cuticle becomes porous, dull and prone to brittle. The condition of the cuticle is directly affected by hair care, the use of thermal appliances and chemical procedures (staining, curling).
  • Medulla (Medulla): The central part of the hair, present not in all types of hair. It is more common in thick and rough hair. The function of the medulla has not been fully studied, but it is assumed that it plays a role in thermal insulation and reflection of light.
  • Hair follicle. The structure in the skin from which the hair grows. The follicle is a recess in the epidermis and dermis, inside of which there is a hair bulb.
  • Hair onion (Hair Bulb): The expanded lower part of the hair follicle containing cells actively divided and forming new hair. Nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels enter the onion.
  • Dermal papilla (Dermal Papilla): The structure at the base of the hair follicle containing blood vessels and nerve endings. The dermal papilla plays a key role in the growth and development of the hair, providing nutrition and transmitting signals from the skin.

• 1.2. Hair types: definition and characteristics

  Classification of hair by type is an important step to the selection of proper care. The main types of hair are determined by the degree of fat content and structure.

  • Normal hair: A balanced type of hair, not too fat and not too dry. They are brilliant, elastic and easily combed. The skin fat is released in a normal amount sufficient to moisturize the hair, but not leading to rapid pollution.
  • Bold hair: They are characterized by increased secretion of sebum, which leads to rapid pollution and greasy gloss. Such hair requires frequent washing. The causes of fat content can be hormonal changes, malnutrition, stress or genetic predisposition.
  • Dry hair: Suffer from a lack of moisture and skin fat. They are dull, brittle, poorly combed and often split. Dryness can be caused by insufficient moisture, the use of aggressive shampoos, frequent use of a hairdryer and ironing, as well as exposure to sunlight.
  • Combined hair: Fat at the roots and dry at the ends. They require special care aimed at normalizing fat content at the roots and moisturizing the ends.
  • Straight hair: They have no curls and lie evenly.
  • Wavy hair: They have a slight wave.
  • Curly hair: They have pronounced curls.
  • Very curly hair (Afro hair): The most curly type of hair, requiring special moisture and care.

• 1.3. Hair growth cycle: phases and duration

  Hair growth is a cyclic process consisting of several phases:

  • Anagen (growth phase): The longest phase that lasts from 2 to 7 years. In this phase, the hair follicle is actively divided, and the hair grows about 1-1.5 cm per month. The duration of the anagen determines the length of the hair that a person can grow. About 85-90% of the hair on the head are in the anagen phase.
  • Katagen (recression phase): The transition phase, which lasts about 2-3 weeks. In this phase, hair growth slows down, and the hair onion begins to separate from the dermal papilla. About 1-2% of the hair are in the catagen phase.
  • Telogen (Phase Salm): The dormant phase, which lasts about 3 months. In this phase of the hair, it stops growing and remains in the follicle until it falls out to free up a place for a new hair. About 10-15% of the hair are in the bodyogen phase.
  • Exogen (falling phase): The falling phase when the hair falls out of the follicle. This is a natural process of hair renewal. From 50 to 100 hair falls per day.

  Violation of the hair growth cycle can lead to hair loss (alopecia).

Section 2: common hair problems in women

• 2.1. Hair loss (alopecia): Causes and types

  Hair loss is a common problem that can be caused by various factors.

  • Androgenic alopecia: Genetically determined hair loss associated with the effects of male hormones (androgens) on hair follicles. In women, it is manifested by thinning of hair in the field of parting and forehead.
  • Telegnum alopecia: Temporary hair loss caused by stress, illness, medication, diet or hormonal changes (pregnancy, childbirth).
  • Focal alopecia: Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing hair loss in the form of separate foci.
  • Traction alopecia: Hair loss caused by constant hair tension (tight hairstyles, hair extension).
  • Rickeeper alopecia: Hair loss caused by damage to the hair follicles with the formation of cicatricial tissue. It may be the result of injuries, infections or autoimmune diseases.
  • Diffuse alopecia: Uniform thinning of hair throughout the head.

• 2.2. Dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis): Causes and treatment

  Dandruff is the condition of the scalp, characterized by peeling and itching.

  • Reasons: Malassezia globosa fungus, increased fatty scalp, dry scalp, stress, hormonal changes, malnutrition, use of aggressive shampoos.
  • Treatment: The use of special shampoos with antifungal components (ketoconazole, zinc pyrithion, selenium sulfide), moisturizing masks for the scalp, proper nutrition, and reducing stress. In severe cases, a dermatologist consultation and the use of corticosteroid lotions or creams may be required.

• 2.3. Serving hair ends: prevention and restoration

  Serving tips is the stratification of the hair at the end caused by damage to the cuticle.

  • Reasons: Disadvantage of moisture, frequent use of thermal appliances, chemical procedures (staining, curling), exposure to sunlight, mechanical damage (combing, friction about clothing).
  • Prevention: Regular hair moisture, the use of thermal protection, restriction of the use of a hairdryer and ironing, careful combing, sun protection, regular haircuts of split ends.
  • Recovery: A haircut of split ends is the most effective way to get rid of them. The use of masks and indelible hair restoration products will help improve the condition of the ends and prevent further stratification.

• 2.4. Dryness and brittle hair: moisturizing and nutrition

  Dryness and brittleness are signs of a lack of moisture and nutrients in the hair.

  • Reasons: Insufficient moisture, the use of aggressive shampoos, frequent use of thermal appliances, chemical procedures (staining, curling), exposure to sunlight, malnutrition, lack of vitamins and minerals.
  • Moisturization: The use of moisturizing shampoos and air conditioners, hair masks with moisturizing components (hyaluronic acid, glycerin, aloe vera), indelible moisturizers (sprays, oils).
  • Nutrition: The use of nutrient masks for hair with oils (argan oil, coconut oil, shi oil), proper nutrition, rich in vitamins and minerals (B vitamins, vitamin E, iron, zinc) are especially important).

• 2.5. Hair fat: regulation and care

  The fat content of hair is an increased secretion of skin fat, leading to rapid pollution and greasy gloss.

  • Reasons: Hormonal changes, stress, malnutrition, genetic predisposition, use of inappropriate shampoos.
  • Regulation: The use of shampoos for oily hair that contain components that regulate the production of sebum (salicylic acid, clay). Avoid using air conditioners and masks on hair roots. Regular washing of the head, but not too often (in order not to stimulate even greater production of sebum).
  • Care: The use of dry shampoos to refresh hair between washing. Proper nutrition, restriction of fatty and fried food.

Section 3: Hair Care: Practical Councils and Recommendations

• 3.1. Choosing shampoo: hair type and composition

  The choice of proper shampoo is the basis of hair care.

  • For normal hair: Choose shampoos with soft detergents that do not dry and do not overload your hair.
  • For oily hair: Choose shampoos with components that regulate the production of sebum (salicylic acid, clay). Avoid shampoos with oils and silicones.
  • For dry hair: Choose moisturizing and nutrient shampoos with oils (argan oil, coconut oil, shi oil), glycerin, hyaluronic acid.
  • For dyed hair: Choose shampoos designed for dyed hair that help preserve color and protect the hair from damage.
  • Composition: Pay attention to the composition of the shampoo. Avoid shampoos with aggressive sulfates (SLS, Sles), parabens and silicones (if you have thin hair prone to oily). Look for shampoos with natural ingredients such as plant extracts, oils and vitamins.

• 3.2. Conditioners and hair masks: moisturizing and nutrition

  Air conditioners and masks are important stages of hair care that help to moisturize, nourish and protect hair.

  • Air conditioner: It is applied after each wash of the head. It helps to smooth out the hair, facilitate combing and give shine.
  • Mask: Used 1-2 times a week. Contains a higher concentration of active ingredients than air conditioning, and provides deeper moisturizing and nutrition.
  • Type of hair: Choose air conditioners and masks corresponding to your hair type. For dry hair, choose moisturizing and nutrients with oils. For oily hair, choose light products that do not overload your hair.

• 3.3. Hair combing: correct technique and tools

  Correct combing helps prevent brittleness and hair damage.

  • Technique: Start combing with the ends of the hair, gradually rising to the roots. Do not comb wet hair, as it is more vulnerable. Use a wide comb with rare teeth for combing wet hair.
  • Tools: Choose a comb made of natural materials (wood, bristles) that do not electrize hair. Avoid combs with sharp teeth that can damage the scalp.

• 3.4. Thermal protection: high temperature protection

  Thermal protection is a mandatory stage of hair care when using a hairdryer, ironing or curling iron.

  • Application: Apply a heat protection tool to wet or dry hair before using thermal appliances.
  • Type of thermal protection: Choose thermal protection products in the form of sprays, creams or oils, depending on the type of your hair.

• 3.5. Sun protection: UV hair filters

  The sun can damage the hair, causing dryness, brittleness and color fox.

  • Application: Use hair products with UV filters (sprays, oils, shampoos). Wear hats in sunny weather.

• 3.6. Hair power: vitamins and minerals

  Healthy nutrition is the basis of hair health.

  • Vitamins: B vitamins B (biotin, niacin, pantotenic acid), vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A.
  • Minerals: Iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium.
  • Products: Include products rich in these vitamins and minerals in your diet: eggs, nuts, seeds, fish, meat, vegetables, fruits. If necessary, consult a doctor about taking vitamin complexes.

Section 4: nail care: health and beauty

• 4.1. Nail structure: anatomy and functions

  Nails are horn plates that protect the fingertips. Understanding their structure is necessary for proper care.

  • Nail plate: The visible part of the nail consisting of keratin. The nail plate is solid, but porous, and can absorb water and other substances.
  • Nail Bed: The skin under the nail plate to which it is attached.
  • Matrix (Nail Matrix): The area under the proximal nail roller, where new nail cells are formed. The condition of the matrix affects the growth and quality of the nail plate.
  • Punched (Lunula): The whitish semicircular area at the base of the nail, visible not on all fingers. This is part of the matrix.
  • Nail Fold): The skin surrounding the nail plate on three sides.
  • Cuticle (Cuticle): A thin layer of skin adjacent to the nail plate at the base. The cuticle protects the matrix from infections and damage.
  • Hyponichia (Hyponychium): A layer of skin under a free edge of the nail, protecting the nail bed from infections.

• 4.2. Common problems of nails in women

  • Fitty nails (ONYCHOSCHIZIA): The stratification and fragility of the nail plate caused by a lack of moisture, vitamins and minerals, frequent contact with water and detergents, the use of aggressive varnish removal.
  • The thinning of the nails (Onychorrhexis): Longitudinal cracks and thinning of the nail plate caused by aging, iron deficiency, thyroid diseases, and the effects of aggressive chemicals.
  • White spots on the nails (Leukonychia): White spots or strips on the nails, which can be caused by injuries, zinc deficiency, stress.
  • Yellow nail Syndrome): Yellowing, thickening and slowing down nail growth, is often associated with lung diseases, lymphatic or medication.
  • Nail fungal infection (ONYCHOMYCOSIS): Nail infection caused by fungi, which leads to a change in the color, shape and thickness of the nail plate.
  • Ingron Nail): The edge of the edge of the nail plate in the soft tissues of the finger, causing pain and inflammation.
  • Paronichia (Paronychia): Inflammation of the tissues around the nail caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.

• 4.3. Nail care: practical advice and recommendations

  • Moisturization: Regularly moisturize your nails and cuticle with cream or nail oil.
  • Protection: Protect your nails from the effects of water and detergents, putting on gloves when performing homework.
  • Proper nutrition: Balanced diet, rich in vitamins and minerals (B vitamins, vitamin E, iron, zinc are especially important, is necessary for the health of nails.
  • Conducting appeal: Do not bite your nails and do not pick the cuticle.
  • Correct haircut: Cut your nails straight, slightly rounding the edges.
  • Avoid aggressive means: Use remedies for removing varnish without acetone.
  • Do not abuse gel polish: Frequent use of gel polish can thin and damage the nail plate. Take breaks between procedures.
  • Massage: Regular fingers’ massage improves blood circulation and stimulates the growth of nails.
  • Professional care: Regularly visit the masters of manicure for professional nail care.

Section 5: The relationship of hair and nails with general health

• 5.1. Nutrition and health of hair and nails

  The lack of nutrients can adversely affect the condition of the hair and nails.

  • Protein: The main building material for hair and nails.
  • Vitamins: B vitamins B (biotin, niacin, pantotenic acid), vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A.
  • Minerals: Iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium.
  • Fatty acids: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are necessary for the health of the skin and hair.

• 5.2. Hormonal balance and hair and nails

  Hormonal changes can have a significant effect on the condition of the hair and nails.

  • Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the hair becomes thicker and stronger, and the nails grow faster. After childbirth, hair loss is possible.
  • Menopause: During menopause, the hair can become thinner and dry, and the nails – brittle.
  • Thyroid diseases: Diseases of the thyroid gland can lead to hair loss and a change in the condition of the nails.
  • Ovarian polycystic ovary (PCOS): PCOS can cause hair loss by male type and acne.

• 5.3. Stress and hair health and nails

  Chronic stress can adversely affect the condition of hair and nails, leading to hair loss, fragility of nails and other problems.

  • Exact mechanisms: Stress can disrupt hormonal balance, reduce immunity and worsen blood circulation.
  • Stress management: Regular physical exercises, meditation, yoga, enough sleep and healthy nutrition help to reduce stress and improve the overall health.

• 5.4. Chronic diseases and hair and nails

  Some chronic diseases can appear in changes in the condition of the hair and nails.

  • Anemia: Iron deficiency can lead to hair loss and fragility of nails.
  • Diabetes: Diabetes can lead to dry skin, slow growth of nails and increased risk of fungal infections.
  • Liver and kidney diseases: Diseases of the liver and kidneys can lead to a change in the color and structure of the nails.
  • Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases can cause hair loss and a change in nail condition.

Section 6: Modern methods of improving the condition of hair and nails

• 6.1. Professional hair procedures: lamination, keratin straightening, hairless hair

  • Lamination: Hair coating with a special composition that creates a protective film, giving shine and smoothness.
  • Keratin straightening: Saturation of hair with keratin, which straightens and smoothes hair.
  • Botox for hair: Restoring the damaged hair structure using special compounds containing amino acids, vitamins and proteins.

• 6.2. Home recipes for hair care: masks, rinses

  • Hair humidification mask: Mix honey, olive oil and egg yolk. Apply to the hair for 30 minutes and rinse.
  • Hair nutrition mask: Mix coconut oil, shea butter and jojoba oil. Apply to the hair for 1 hour and rinse.
  • Hair shine rinse Rinse your hair with water with the addition of vinegar or lemon juice.

• 6.3. Cosmetics for strengthening nails: varnishes, oils, creams

  • Strengthening varnishes: Contain vitamins, minerals and keratin.
  • Circular oils: Moisturize and nourish the cuticle, preventing its drying out and the formation of burrs.
  • Hands and nail creams: Moisturize the skin of the hands and strengthen the nails.

• 6.4. Injection methods: mesotherapy, plasmolifting

  • Mesotherapy: The introduction of special cocktails with vitamins, minerals and amino acids in the scalp or around the scalp.
  • Plasmolifting: The introduction of a blood plasma enriched with platelets into the scalp or around the nails.

• 6.5. Laser treatment: hair growth stimulation and nail strengthening

  • Laser stimulation of hair growth: The effect of the laser on the scalp stimulates blood circulation and activates the growth of hair follicles.
  • Laser strengthening of nails: The influence of the laser on the nail plate strengthens it and improves its structure.

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