Environmental influence: protection against pollution and toxins

The article should cover a wide array of environmental impacts, pollution types, preventative measures, health consequences, and potential solutions to safeguard against contamination and toxins.

Environmental influence: protection against pollution and toxins

I. Air: breathing with life poisoned by death

A. Sources of atmospheric pollution:

1. Industry: Heavy industry, such as metallurgical plants, chemical enterprises and cement plants, is the main source of air pollution. They throw solid particles (PM), sulfur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (Nox), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and heavy metals into the atmosphere. Metallurgical plants throw a huge amount of dust containing iron oxides, manganese, silicon and other metals. Chemical enterprises emit chlorine, ammonia, fluorine and other toxic substances. Cement plants generate a large amount of dust and carbon dioxide (CO2). Disposal control at these enterprises requires the use of effective filtration technologies such as electrostatic precipitation, sleeve filters and scrubbers. A transition to cleaner production processes and the use of renewable energy sources is needed.

2. Transport: Road transport, especially obsolete, is a significant source of air pollution in cities. Cars are allocated to the atmosphere CO, NOX, VOC, PM and CO2. Diesel engines, especially old ones, are the main source of PM. Catalytic neutralizers in modern cars help reduce CO, NOX and VOC emissions, but they are ineffective against PM emissions. Stimulating the use of public transport, bicycles and electric vehicles is an important measure to reduce air pollution from transport. More stringent standards of emissions for cars and promoting the use of cleaner fuel, such as natural gas and biodiesel, can also help.

3. Energy: The burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, gas) at power plants for the production of electricity is another large source of air pollution. Power plants are ejected by SOX, NOX, PM and CO2. Coal burning is the most dirty process that distinguishes the largest amount of polluting substances. The transition to renewable energy sources, such as sunny, wind and hydropower, is necessary to reduce air pollution from energy. The installation of carbon capture and storage systems (CCS) at power plants operating on fossil fuel can help reduce CO2 emissions.

4. Agriculture: Agriculture can contribute to air pollution by ammonia emissions (NH3) from fertilizers and livestock waste. NH3 can react with other pollutants in the atmosphere, forming PM. The burning of agricultural waste after harvesting is also a serious source of air pollution, especially in developing countries. The use of accurate farming methods that allow fertilizers more efficiently can help reduce NH3 emissions. Promotion of the use of composting and anaerobic fermentation for processing livestock waste can also help reduce emissions.

5. Household sources: The burning of wood and coal in household furnaces and heating fireplaces is a significant source of air pollution, especially in the cold season. These sources distinguish PM, CO and VOC. The use of more efficient and environmentally friendly heating devices, such as gas or electric heaters, can help reduce air pollution from household sources. Information of the population about the dangers of burning wood and coal and the promotion of alternative heating options is also important.

B. Types of air pollutants and their effect on health:

1. Solid particles (PM): PM is a mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. They are classified in size, for example, PM10 (particles with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers) and PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers). PM2.5 are especially dangerous because they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even get into the bloodstream. The effect of PM is associated with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer and premature death.

2. Ozon (O3): Ozone at the Earth level is formed as a result of the NOX and VOC reaction in the presence of sunlight. This is the main component of the smog. The effect of ozone can cause irritation of the lungs, coughing, difficulty breathing and a decrease in the function of the lungs. Ozone can also aggravate respiratory diseases such as asthma.

3. Nitrogen dioxide (No2): No2 is a gas formed in the burning of fossil fuel. It can cause irritation of the lungs, coughing and difficulty breathing. Long -term exposure to NO2 can increase the risk of respiratory infections, especially in children.

4. Sulfur dioxide (SO2): SO2 is a gas formed in the burning of fossil fuel containing sulfur. It can cause irritation of the lungs, coughing and difficulty breathing. SO2 can also aggravate respiratory diseases such as asthma. In combination with moisture in the air, SO2 can form acid rain.

5. Carbon monoxide (CO): Co is a colorless and smell of gas, which forms with incomplete combustion of fossil fuel. It can reduce the ability of blood to tolerate oxygen, which can lead to headaches, dizziness, nausea and even death.

6. Lead (PB): Lead is a heavy metal that was previously widely used in gasoline, paints and water pipes. The effect of lead can cause neurological damage, especially in children. Lead can also damage the kidneys and cardiovascular system.

C. Measures to reduce air pollution:

1. Legislation and standards: Introduction and ENFORCement strict air quality standards and Emission Limits for industry and transport. The creation of clean air zones in cities where the movement of cars with high emissions is limited.

2. Technological solutions: Development and implementation of cleaner technologies for industry, transport and energy. The use of renewable energy sources such as sunny, wind and hydropower. Installation of emissions control systems at industrial enterprises.

3. Alternative transport: Promotion of the use of public transport, bicycles and electric vehicles. Creating infrastructure for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. Introduction for travel fees in overloaded areas of cities.

4. Energy efficiency: Improving the energy efficiency of buildings and industry. The use of energy -saving instruments and technologies. Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings.

5. Education and awareness: Informing the population about the problems of air pollution and measures to reduce it. Encouraging the participation of the population in air monitoring programs. Conducting educational campaigns about a healthy lifestyle and a decrease in the effects of contaminated air.

II. Water: a source of life polluted by human activity

A. Sources of water pollution:

1. Industrial wastewater: Industrial enterprises often dump wastewater into water bodies containing a wide range of pollutants, such as heavy metals, organic compounds, acids, alkalis and radioactive substances. Cleaning industrial wastewater before discharge is critical to protect water quality. The use of cleaning technologies, such as biological cleaning, chemical cleaning and physical cleaning, can help remove pollutants from industrial wastewater.

2. Agricultural drains: Agricultural drains contain fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and livestock waste. These substances can pollute surface and underground waters, causing eutrification (excessive enrichment with nutrients) and drinking water pollution. The use of accurate farming methods that allow fertilizers and pesticides more efficiently can help reduce water pollution from agriculture.

3. Household wastewater: Household wastewater contain organic substances, pathogenic microorganisms and nutrients. Cleaning household wastewater is necessary to prevent water pollution and the spread of diseases. Centralized wastewater treatment systems are the most effective way to clean large volumes of household wastewater.

4. Livne sewer drains: Rain water is collected by rainwater drainage, which washed off pollutants from roads, sidewalks and other surfaces. These drains can contain oils, lubricants, heavy metals, garbage and pathogenic microorganisms. Personnel of storm sewers is important for the prevention of water pollution. The use of stable management methods of storm waters, such as bio -holding, filtration trenches and permeable sidewalks, can help reduce water pollution from storm sewers.

5. Accidents and spills: Accidents and spills of oil, chemicals and other hazardous substances can pollute water in large areas. Prevention of accidents and spills is critical to protect the quality of water. The development and implementation of plans for the accident and spills can help minimize the impact of these environmental events.

B. Types of water pollutants and their effect on health:

1. Pathogenic microorganisms: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, can cause diseases transmitted through water, such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis. Disfection of water is necessary for the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms and prevent the spread of diseases.

2. Chemicals: Chemicals, such as heavy metals, organic compounds and pesticides, can cause chronic diseases, such as cancer, neurological disorders and reproductive problems. Water quality monitoring and water purification of chemicals are important for protecting human health.

3. Nitrate and phosphate: Nitrates and phosphates are nutrients that can cause eutrification of reservoirs. Evtrophy can lead to flowering of algae, oxygen deficiency and death of fish and other aquatic organisms. Reducing nitrate and phosphate emissions in water is important for preventing eutrification.

4. Microplastic: Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic that pollute water bodies. Microplastics can be absorbed by water organisms and accumulate in the food chain. The effect of microplasty on human health has not yet been completely studied, but there are fears that it can cause inflammation, tissue damage and other problems.

5. Medicines: Medicines that are excreted from the human body can fall into wastewater and pollute water bodies. The effect of drugs on water organisms has not yet been completely studied, but there are fears that they can cause hormonal disorders and other problems.

C. Measures to protect water resources:

1. Warm cleaning: Construction and operation of modern treatment facilities for the purification of household and industrial wastewater. The use of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, such as membrane filtration and reverse osmosis.

2. Sustainable agriculture: The introduction of stable agricultural methods that reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The use of accurate farming methods that allow fertilizers and pesticides more efficiently. Promotion of the use of organic farming.

3. Protection of water collection pools: Protection and restoration of water collection pools to ensure the receipt of pure water into water bodies. Building restriction in water collection pools. The restoration of water-bell grounds that filter water and absorb polluting substances.

4. The fight against spills and accidents: Development and implementation of plans for pills and accidents in order to minimize the impact of these events on water resources. Strengthening safety measures at industrial enterprises and during the transportation of hazardous substances.

5. Saving water: Promotion of water saving in houses, industry and agriculture. The use of water -saving instruments and technologies. Encouraging re -use of water.

III. Soil: the foundation of life poisoned by poisons

A. Sources of soil pollution:

1. Industrial activity: Industrial enterprises often pollute the soil with heavy metals, organic compounds and other toxic substances. The disposal of industrial waste at landfills and the discharge of wastewater to the ground can also pollute the soil. The reclamation of polluted industrial territories is important for protecting human health and the environment.

2. Agriculture: The use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides can pollute the soil. Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to the accumulation of nitrates in the soil, which can pollute underground waters. Pesticides and herbicides can kill beneficial soil organisms and pollute the food chain.

3. Transport: The exhaust gases of cars and fuel leaks can pollute the soil with heavy metals and other toxic substances. Oil and other hazardous substances during transportation can also pollute the soil.

4. Household waste: Disposal of household waste at landfills can pollute the soil with organic substances, heavy metals and other toxic substances. Incorrect disposal of dangerous household waste, such as batteries, bulbs and electronic waste, can pollute the soil.

5. Mining mining: The extraction of minerals can pollute the soil with heavy metals and other toxic substances. The dumps of rocks and tailings can be a source of soil and water pollution for many years.

B. Types of soil pollutants and their effect on health:

1. Heavy metals: Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, can accumulate in the soil and fall into the food chain. The effects of heavy metals can cause neurological damage, renal failure, cancer and other health problems.

2. Organic compounds: Organic compounds, such as pesticides, herbicides, polychlorified bifeniles (PHB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAU), can pollute the soil and fall into the food chain. The effects of organic compounds can cause cancer, neurological disorders and reproductive problems.

3. Radioactive substances: Radioactive substances can pollute the soil as a result of accidents at nuclear power plants and uranium production. The effect of radioactive substances can cause cancer and other health problems.

4. Pathogenic microorganisms: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, can pollute the soil and cause diseases transmitted through the soil.

C. Measures to protect soil resources:

1. Reclamation of polluted lands: Cleaning polluted lands from heavy metals, organic compounds and other toxic substances. The use of various methods of reclamation, such as spell -repairing, biomediation and chemical processing.

2. Sustainable agriculture: The introduction of stable agriculture methods that reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The use of organic fertilizers and biological methods for combating pests. The crop rotation of cultures to improve soil health.

3. Proper waste management: Disposal of household and industrial waste in a safe way. Sorting and processing of waste to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. Proper disposal of hazardous waste.

4. Erosion protection: Prevention of soil erosion by planting trees and shrubs, building terraces and using other methods.

5. Soil quality monitoring: Regular monitoring of the quality of the soil to identify pollution and evaluate the effectiveness of soil protection measures.

IV. Noise: Invisible pollutant who destroys health

A. Sources of noise pollution:

1. Transport: Road, rail and air transport are the main sources of noise pollution in cities. The noise from transport can create discomfort, break sleep and cause other health problems.

2. Industry: Industrial enterprises can generate a high level of noise from machines, equipment and production processes. The noise from industry can cause hearing loss, stress and other health problems.

3. Construction: Construction work can generate a high level of noise from construction equipment, blasting and other processes. The noise from construction can create discomfort, break sleep and cause other health problems.

4. Entertainment events: Concerts, festivals and other entertainment events can generate a high noise level. The noise from entertainment measures can cause hearing loss, stress and other health problems.

5. Household sources: Household sources of noise, such as loud music, TVs, household appliances and conversations, can create discomfort and break sleep.

B. The impact of noise pollution on health:

1. Hearing loss: Long -term exposure to loud noise can lead to a decrease in hearing, up to complete deafness.

2. Cardiovascular diseases: Noise pollution can increase blood pressure, increase the heart rate and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

3. Sleep violation: Noise pollution can violate sleep, leading to insomnia, fatigue and a decrease in performance.

4. Stress: Noise pollution can cause stress, irritability and anxiety.

5. Reducing cognitive functions: Noise pollution can reduce cognitive functions, such as memory, attention and concentration.

C. Measures to reduce noise pollution:

1. Legislation and standards: Introduction and ENFORCement strict noise levels for industry, transport and construction. Creation of noise cities of cities and development of plans for reducing noise.

2. Technological solutions: Development and implementation of more quiet technologies for industry, transport and construction. The use of noise -absorbing materials in the construction of buildings and roads.

3. Urban planning: Planning of the urban environment, taking into account the noise factor. Separation of residential and industrial zones. Creation of green zones and noise -protective barriers.

4. Education and awareness: Information of the population about the problems of noise pollution and measures to reduce it. Encouraging the use of personal protective equipment against noise.

V. Radioactive pollution: invisible threat

A. Sources of radioactive pollution:

1. Nuclear tests: Nuclear tests in the atmosphere and underground can pollute the environment with radioactive substances.

2. Accidents at nuclear power plants: Accidents at nuclear power plants can lead to the release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere and soil.

3. Uranus mining and processing: Uranus production and processing can pollute the soil and water with radioactive substances.

4. Medical procedures: Medical procedures using radioactive substances can lead to environmental pollution.

5. Natural sources: Some natural sources, such as granite breeds, can release radioactive gas radon.

B. The impact of radioactive pollution on health:

1. Cancer: The effect of radioactive radiation can cause cancer, especially lung cancer, bones and thyroid gland.

2. Genetic damage: Radioactive radiation can cause genetic damage that can be transmitted to offspring.

3. Radiation sickness: High doses of radioactive radiation can cause radiation disease, which can lead to death.

C. Protection measures against radioactive pollution:

1. Cessation of nuclear tests: Cessation of nuclear tests in the atmosphere and underground.

2. Safety of nuclear power plants: Ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants and development of action plans in the event of an accident.

3. Radioactive waste disposal: Safe dispersion of radioactive waste.

4. Radiation background monitoring: Regular monitoring of the radiation background in the environment.

5. Education and awareness: Information of the population about risks associated with radioactive pollution, and measures to protect against it.

VI. Toxins in the environment: hidden enemies of health

A. Sources of toxins:

1. Industrial chemicals: The production and use of industrial chemicals can lead to the release of toxic substances into the environment.

2. Pesticides and herbicides: The use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture can pollute the soil, water and food.

3. Heavy metals: Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and mercury, can fall into the environment from industrial sources, mining and waste.

4. Air pollution: Air pollution may contain toxic substances, such as solid particles, ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

5. Building materials: Some building materials can distinguish toxic substances, such as formaldehyde and asbestos.

B. The effect of toxins on health:

1. Cancer: The effect of many toxins can increase the risk of cancer.

2. Neurological disorders: Some toxins can damage the nervous system and cause neurological disorders.

3. Reproductive problems: The effects of some toxins can cause reproductive problems, such as infertility and congenital defects.

4. Immune disorders: The effects of some toxins can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections.

5. Respiratory diseases: The effects of toxins in the air can cause respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis.

C. Measures to protect against toxins:

1. Regulation of the use of toxic substances: Introduction and ENFORCement strict rules for the production, use and disposal of toxic substances.

2. Reducing the use of pesticides and herbicides: Promotion of the use of organic methods of agriculture and biological methods for combating pests.

3. Cleaning polluted lands: Cleaning polluted lands from toxic substances.

4. Improving air quality: Reducing emissions of pollutants into the air.

5. Information of the population: Information of the population about risks associated with the influence of toxins, and measures to protect against them.

VII. Legislation and environmental policy: the basis of environmental protection

A. National legislation: Development and ENFORCEMENT of national laws and rules aimed at protecting the environment. Establishment of air quality, water and soil quality. Regulation of the use of toxic substances. Creation of protected natural territories.

B. International agreements: Participation in international agreements aimed at solving global environmental problems, such as climate change, depletion of the ozone layer and oceans pollution.

C. Ecological policy: Development and implementation of environmental policy aimed at sustainable development and environmental protection. Stimulating the use of renewable energy sources. Promotion of energy efficiency. Support for environmentally friendly technologies.

D. Ecological monitoring: Organization of the environmental monitoring system to assess the state of the environment and identify sources of pollution.

E. Environmental education: The inclusion of environmental education in the curricula of schools and universities. Increased public awareness of environmental problems.

VIII. The role of society in environmental protection

A. Consumer choice: The choice of environmentally friendly products and services. Reducing consumption and waste processing.

B. Participation in public initiatives: Participation in environmental actions, subbotniks and other public initiatives.

C. Support for environmental organizations: Support for the activities of environmental organizations engaged in environmental protection.

D. Conscious energy consumption: Savings of electricity and heat in houses. Using energy -efficient devices.

E. Environmentally friendly transport: Using public transport, bicycle or walking instead of a car.

IX. Innovative technologies and ecology

A. Renewable energy: The use of solar, wind, hydro- and geothermal energy for the production of electricity and heat.

B. Energy efficiency: Development and implementation of energy -efficient technologies in industry, transport and construction.

C. Warm cleaning: The use of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, such as membrane filtration and reverse osmosis.

D. Reclamation of polluted lands: The use of innovative methods of reclamation of polluted lands, such as belonging and biomediation.

E. Environmental monitoring: The use of sensory networks and satellite monitoring to assess the state of the environment in real time.

X. The future of the environment: the path to sustainable development

A. The transition to the green economy: Creating a green economy based on the sustainable use of resources and reducing environmental impact.

B. Investments in environmentally friendly technologies: Investments in the development and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies.

C. Improving environmental awareness: Improving environmental awareness and education of the population.

D. Development of international cooperation: Development of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.

E. Creating a sustainable future for everyone: The creation of a sustainable future, which meets the needs of the current generation without prejudice to the possibilities of future generations.