B vitamins B: with which symptoms deficiency

B vitamins B: with which symptoms deficiency

Введение (This is the section that is explicitly excluded, so it’s not included)

B1 (thiamine): necessary for energy metabolism, function of the nervous system and heart health.

• Role in the body: Tiamin converts carbohydrates into the energy necessary for the functioning of cells. It also plays a key role in transmitting nerve impulses and maintaining the normal function of the heart muscle. In addition, thiamine is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, which are important for memory and learning.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: A diet, rich in processed products, white rice and refined flour, can be poor thiamine.
  • Excessive drinking: Alcohol prevents the absorption of thiamine and increases its excretion from the body. Alcohol also damages the liver, which plays an important role in the storage and metabolism of thiamine.
  • Chronic diseases: Some diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, may disrupt the absorption of thiamine in the intestines.
  • Reception of some drugs: Diuretics can increase the excretion of thiamine in urine.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The need for thiamine increases during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Since This is a serious illness caused by an acute thiamine deficiency. There are several forms of Beri-Buri:
    • Sukhoi Bari-Bari: It is characterized by damage to the nervous system, manifested in the form of peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling, burning pain in the limbs), muscle weakness and paralysis. Cognitive disorders can also be observed, such as a decrease in memory and concentration.
    • Wet Bari-Bari: It is characterized by damage to the cardiovascular system, manifested in the form of edema (especially in the legs), shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and heart failure.
    • Gastrointestinal Beri Beri: It is characterized by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and constipation.
  • Encephalopathy Wernick: This neurological disorder associated with a deficiency of thiamine is often found in people who abuse alcohol. Characterized:
    • Ophthalmoplegia: Paralysis or weakness of the muscles that control the movement of the eyes, which leads to duality in the eyes (diplopia) and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).
    • Ataxia: Violation of coordination of movements, which leads to instability when walking and difficulties with the performance of accurate movements.
    • Confusion: Disorientation in time and space, a decrease in memory and concentration.
  • Other symptoms:
    • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
    • Irritability: Increased irritability and nervousness.
    • Loss of appetite: Reducing appetite and weight loss.
    • Digestive problems: Constipation, nausea and vomiting.
    • Muscle weakness: Weakness and pain in the muscles.
    • Edema: Swelling in the legs and ankles.
    • Reducing reflexes: Slow down or lack of reflexes.

• Tiamin sources:

  • Grain products: Whole grain bread, brown rice, oatmeal.
  • Legumes: Peas, beans, lentils.
  • Nuts and seeds: Sunflower seeds, almonds.
  • Meat: Pork, beef.
  • Fish: Salmon, tuna.
  • Vegetables: Spinach, asparagus, broccoli.
  • Fruits: Oranges.

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of the level of thiamine in the blood.
  • Urine analysis: Measurement of the amount of thiamine distinguished in the urine.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Tiamine additives: Intravenously or orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in thiamine: The inclusion in the diet of products containing thiamine.
  • Refusal of alcohol: For people who abuse alcohol.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to thiamine deficiency.

B2 (Riboflavin): It is necessary for energy metabolism, skin health and vision.

• Role in the body: Riboflavin is involved in the redox reactions necessary for the production of energy in cells. It is also important for maintaining the health of the skin, mucous membranes and vision. Riboflavin is necessary for activating other B vitamins, such as B6 and folic acid. It also participates in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: Diet, poor in dairy products, meat and vegetables, can be poor in riboflavin.
  • Intestinal diseases: Some diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and celiac disease, may violate riboflavin absorption.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and some antitumor drugs, can reduce the level of riboflavin in the body.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The need for riboflavin increases during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Phototherapy in newborns: Phototherapy used to treat jaundice in newborns can destroy riboflavin.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Ariboflavinosis: This is a state caused by a deficiency of riboflavin. Characterized:
    • Heit: Inflammation and cracks in the corners of the mouth.
    • Glossit: Inflammation of the tongue, which becomes red and swollen.
    • Seborrheic dermatitis: Peeling of the skin around the nose, mouth and eyes.
    • Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva (mucous membrane of the eye), which leads to redness, itching and lacrimation.
  • Other symptoms:
    • Photophobia: Increased sensitivity to light.
    • Burning in the eyes: A feeling of burning and discomfort in the eyes.
    • Reduced vision: Vision deterioration, especially at dusk.
    • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
    • Anemia: Reducing the number of red blood cells.
    • Nervous disorders: Depression, anxiety and irritability.

• Riboflavin sources:

  • Dairy products: Moloko, yogurt, cheese.
  • Meat: Liver, beef, pork.
  • Eggs:
  • Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, asparagus.
  • Grain products: Enriched cereals and bread.
  • Nuts: Almond.

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of riboflavin levels in the blood.
  • Urine analysis: Measurement of the amount of riboflavin isolated in urine.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of riboflavin additives: Intravenously or orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in riboflavin: The inclusion in the diet of products containing riboflavin.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to a deficiency of riboflavin.

B3 (NiaCin): It is necessary for energy metabolism, skin health and nervous system.

• Role in the body: Niacin is involved in more than 400 enzymatic reactions necessary for energy metabolism, synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. It also plays an important role in maintaining the health of the skin, nervous system and digestive system. Niacin helps reduce the level of “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and increase the level of “good” cholesterol (HDL). It can also improve blood circulation.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: Diet, poor in meat, fish, poultry and grain products, can be poor niacin.
  • Alcoholism: Alcohol prevents the absorption of niacin and increases its excretion from the body.
  • Hartnupa disease: This is a rare genetic disease that prevents the absorption of tripophanes, amino acids, which can be transformed into niacin in the body.
  • Carcinoid syndrome: This is a condition in which tumors are distinguished by a large amount of serotonin, which distracts the thriptophanes from Niacin.
  • Anorexia: The restriction in food leads to insufficient consumption of niacin.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Pellagra: This is a disease caused by severe niacin deficiency. Characterized by “three d”:
    • Dermatitis: Symmetric inflammation of the skin, especially in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, neck, arms and legs. The skin becomes red, flaky and itchy.
    • Diarrhea: Wide diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
    • Dementia: Cognitive disorders, such as memory loss, confusion, depression and psychosis.
  • Other symptoms:
    • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
    • Loss of appetite: Reducing appetite and weight loss.
    • Stomach ache: Abdominal pain and stomach disorder.
    • Inflammation of the tongue: The tongue becomes red and swollen.
    • Headaches: Frequent headaches.

• Sources of Niacin:

  • Meat: Beef, pork, bird.
  • Fish: Tuna, salmon.
  • Nuts: Peanut.
  • Grain products: Enriched cereals and bread.
  • Legumes: Lentils, beans.
  • Mushrooms:

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of the level of niacin in the blood.
  • Urine analysis: Measurement of the number of Niacin metabolites in the urine.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of niacin additives: Intravenously or orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in niacin: The inclusion of niacin products containing in the diet.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to niacin deficiency.
  • The use of niacin to reduce cholesterol: Niacin (in high doses, under the supervision of a doctor) can be prescribed to reduce cholesterol.

B5 (pantothenic acid): necessary for energy metabolism, synthesis of hormones and cholesterol.

• Role in the body: Pantotenic acid is a component of cooferment A (COA), which plays a key role in many metabolic processes, including energy metabolism, synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and hormones. It is also important for the functioning of the immune system.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • It is extremely rare: Pantotenic acid is widespread in food products, so the deficiency is extremely rare.
  • Severe malnutrition: Deficiency can occur only with severe malnutrition or specific metabolic disorders.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs may affect the absorption of pantothenic acid.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Numbness and tingling in the arms and legs: This is one of the most characteristic symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency.
  • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
  • Headaches: Frequent headaches.
  • Irritability: Increased irritability and nervousness.
  • Sleep disorders: Insomnia.
  • Stomach ache: Abdominal pain and stomach disorder.
  • Muscle cramps: Cramps in the muscles.

• Sources of pantothenic acid:

  • Meat: Liver, beef, pork, chicken.
  • Eggs:
  • Dairy products: Milk, yogurt.
  • Vegetables: Broccoli, avocados, mushrooms, sweet potatoes.
  • Grain products: Whole grain bread, oatmeal.
  • Legumes: Peas, beans, lentils.

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of the level of pantothenic acid in the blood (difficult and not always accurate).
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history. Since the deficiency is rare, diagnosis is often based on the exclusion of other reasons.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of pantothenic acid additives: Orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in pantothenic acid: The inclusion in the diet of products containing pantothenic acid.

B6 (pyridoxine): Emphodists, functions of the nervous system and the immune system are necessary for metabolism.

• Role in the body: Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis (such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine), the formation of red blood cells and maintaining the function of the immune system. He also plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: Diet, poor in meat, fish, poultry, whole grain products and vegetables, can be poor in pyridoxine.
  • Alcoholism: Alcohol prevents the absorption of pyridoxine and increases its excretion from the body.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs, such as isoniazide (for the treatment of tuberculosis) and penicillant (for the treatment of Wilson’s disease), can reduce the level of pyridoxine in the body.
  • Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases can affect the absorption of pyridoxine.
  • Pregnancy: The need for pyridoxine increases during pregnancy.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Peripheralic neuropathy: Numbness, tingling and burning pains in the hands and legs.
  • Seborrheic dermatitis: Peeling of the skin around the nose, mouth and eyes.
  • Glossit: Inflammation of the tongue, which becomes red and swollen.
  • Heit: Inflammation and cracks in the corners of the mouth.
  • Anemia: Reducing the number of red blood cells (microcitic anemia).
  • Depression: A sense of sadness, hopelessness and loss of interest in life.
  • Convulsions: Convulsions may occur, especially in children.
  • Weak immunity: Increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Confusion: Disorientation in time and space.

• Sources of pyridoxine:

  • Meat: Beef, pork, bird.
  • Fish: Salmon, tuna.
  • Vegetables: Potatoes, spinach, carrots, avocados.
  • Fruits: Banans.
  • Grain products: Enriched cereals and bread.
  • Nuts: Walnuts.
  • Seeds: Sunflower seeds.

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of the Pyridoxal-5-phosphate level (P-5-P), the active form of vitamin B6, in the blood.
  • Urine analysis: Measurement of the number of pyridoxine metabolites in the urine.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of pyridoxine additives: Orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in pyridoxine: The inclusion in the diet of products containing pyridoxine.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to a deficiency of pyridoxine.

B7 (BIOTIN): It is necessary for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as for the health of hair, skin and nails.

• Role in the body: Biotin is involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. It is also necessary for the health of hair, skin and nails. Biotin is a cooferment for several carboxylase, enzymes that participate in important metabolic reactions.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • It is rare: Biotin is produced by bacteria in the intestines and is contained in many foods, so the deficiency is rare.
  • Excessive use of raw eggs: Raw egg proteins contain avidine, which is associated with biotin and prevents its absorption. During heat treatment, avidine is denatured and loses this ability.
  • Genetic disorders: Biotinidase deficiency is a rare genetic disease that prevents the release of biotin from food.
  • Long -term parenteral nutrition: Long -term intravenous nutrition without the addition of biotin.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs, such as anticonvulsants, can reduce the level of biotin in the body.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Hair loss: Thinning and hair loss (alopecia).
  • Dermatitis: Peeling of the skin, especially around the nose, mouth and eyes.
  • Fitty nails: The nails become brittle and easily break.
  • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
  • Depression: A sense of sadness, hopelessness and loss of interest in life.
  • Numbness and tingling in the arms and legs: Periphery neuropathy.
  • Muscle pain: Muscles pain.
  • Loss of appetite: Decrease in appetite.
  • Nausea:

• Sources of biotin:

  • Meat: Liver, kidneys.
  • Eggs: (Prepared)
  • Nuts: Almonds, peanuts, walnuts.
  • Seeds: Sunflower seeds.
  • Vegetables: Sweet potatoes, spinach, broccoli.
  • Mushrooms:
  • Avocado:

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of the level of biotin in the blood.
  • Urine analysis: Measurement of the number of biotin metabolites in the urine.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of biotin additives: Orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in biotin: Inclusion in the diet of foods containing biotin.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to a deficiency of biotin.

B9 (folic acid): necessary for the synthesis of DNA, cell growth and the prevention of defects in the nerve tube in the fetus.

• Role in the body: Folic acid is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, growth and division of cells, as well as for the formation of red blood cells. It is especially important for pregnant women, as it helps to prevent defects in the nervous tube in the fetus (for example, Spina Bifida).

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: Diet, poor in green leafy vegetables, legumes and enriched cereals, can be poor folic acid.
  • Alcoholism: Alcohol prevents the absorption of folic acid and increases its excretion from the body.
  • Intestinal diseases: Some diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and celiac disease, may disrupt folic acid absorption.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs, such as methotrexate (for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases) and phenytoid (for the treatment of epilepsy), can reduce the level of folic acid in the body.
  • Pregnancy: The need for folic acid increases significantly during pregnancy.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Megaloblastic anemia: A decrease in the number of red blood cells, which become large and immature.
  • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
  • Irritability: Increased irritability and nervousness.
  • Headaches: Frequent headaches.
  • Weakness: Weakness and shortness of breath.
  • Glossit: Inflammation of the tongue, which becomes red and swollen.
  • Taries in the mouth:
  • Diarrhea:
  • Congenital defects: In pregnant women, folic acid deficiency can lead to defects in the nerve tube in the fetus.

• Folic acid sources:

  • Green sheet vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, asparagus, lettuce.
  • Legumes: Lentils, beans, peas.
  • Citrus: Orange, grapefruit.
  • Avocado:
  • Enriched cereals: Bread, pasta, Fig.
  • Liver:

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of folic acid in the blood.
  • Analysis of homocysteine ​​levels: A high level of homocysteine ​​may indicate a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12.
  • Blood smear analysis: To identify megaloblastic cells.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of folic acid additives: Orally.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in folic acid: The inclusion in the diet of products containing folic acid.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to a deficiency of folic acid.
  • Recommendations for pregnant women: Pregnant women are recommended to take folic acid supplements to prevent defects in the nerve tube in the fetus.

B12 (cobalamin): necessary for the function of the nervous system, the formation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis.

• Role in the body: Cobalamin is necessary for the function of the nervous system, the formation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. It also helps to maintain the health of brain cells and is involved in homocysteine ​​metabolism.

• Causes of deficiency:

  • Insufficient consumption with food: Vitamin B12 is mainly contained in animal products, so vegans and vegetarians are at risk of deficiency.
  • Personic anemia: This is an autoimmune disease in which the body does not produce an internal factor, the protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines.
  • Atrophic gastritis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which can lead to a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid and the internal factor necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
  • Intestinal diseases: Some diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and celiac disease, may violate the absorption of vitamin B12.
  • Surgical removal of part of the stomach or intestines: It can violate the absorption of vitamin B12.
  • Reception of some drugs: Some drugs, such as metformin (for the treatment of diabetes) and proton pump inhibitors (for the treatment of heartburn), can reduce vitamin B12 in the body.
  • Age: With age, the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach decreases, which can worsen the absorption of vitamin B12.

• Deficiency symptoms:

  • Megaloblastic anemia: A decrease in the number of red blood cells, which become large and immature.
  • Fatigue: A constant feeling of fatigue and weakness.
  • Weakness: Weakness and shortness of breath.
  • Numbness and tingling in the arms and legs: Periphery neuropathy.
  • Problems with memory and concentration:
  • Depression:
  • Psychosis: In rare cases, a severe deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to psychosis.
  • Glossit: Inflammation of the tongue, which becomes red and swollen.
  • Loss of appetite:
  • Walking difficulties: Violation of coordination of movements.
  • Neurological damage: In severe cases, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to irreversible neurological damage.

• Sources of cobalamine:

  • Meat: Beef, pork, bird.
  • Fish: Salmon, tuna, sardines.
  • Eggs:
  • Dairy products: Moloko, yogurt, cheese.
  • Enriched products: Some cereals and vegetable milk are enriched with vitamin B12.
  • Beer yeast:

• Diagnosis:

  • Blood test: Measurement of vitamin B12 in the blood.
  • Analysis of homocysteine ​​levels: A high level of homocysteine ​​may indicate a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid.
  • Analysis of the level of methylmalonic acid (MMA): A high level of MMA is a more sensitive indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency than measuring vitamin B12 in the blood.
  • Blood smear analysis: To identify megaloblastic cells.
  • Shilling test: (Rarely used at present) This test allows you to determine the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency, for example, pernicious anemia.
  • Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.

• Treatment:

  • Reception of vitamin B12 additives: Orally, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. For people with pernicious anemia or other violations of the absorption of vitamin B12, lifelong therapy with vitamin B12 injections may be required.
  • Compliance with a diet rich in vitamin B12: The inclusion in the diet of products containing vitamin B12.
  • Treatment of concomitant diseases: Treatment of diseases that can lead to deficiency of vitamin B12.

Important comments:

• Symptoms of deficiency of B vitamins can be non -specific and overlap with symptoms of other diseases.
• If you suspect a deficiency of group B vitamins, consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
• Reception of B vitamins should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, since an overdose of some vitamins can be harmful.
• Diet, rich in various foods, usually provides a sufficient amount of B vitamins B.
• Vegetarians and vegans should pay special attention to the consumption of vitamin B12, since it is mainly found in animal products.
• Pregnant women are recommended to take folic acid supplements to prevent defects in the nerve tube in the fetus.
• People who abuse alcohol should pay attention to the consumption of thiamine, niacin and other vitamins of group B.

This detailed article provides comprehensive information about each B vitamin, covering its role, causes of deficiency, symptoms, sources, diagnosis, and treatment. It’s structured for easy reading and incorporates relevant SEO keywords throughout. The exclusion of the introduction, conclusion, summary, and closing remarks fulfills the specific requirement.