Bada: Hidden threat or harmless addition to the diet?

Bada: Hidden threat or harmless addition to the diet?

Section 1: Understanding of dietary supplements – essence, classification and legal regulation

1. What is dietary supplement? Definition and key characteristics. Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or identical biologically active substances, intended for direct intake or introduction into food products. They are used to optimize the diet, replenish the deficiency of certain nutrients (vitamins, minerals, amino acids), increase the body’s resistance to adverse environmental factors, normalization and/or improve the functional state of the organism. Key characteristics of dietary supplements: they are not drugs designed to supplement the diet, are available in various forms (tablets, capsules, powders, solutions), contain standardized or non -standardized components. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not go through clinical trials in the same volume and are not intended for the treatment of diseases.

2. Classification of dietary supplements in composition and purpose. Bades are classified according to various criteria, including the composition, functional purpose and origin of the ingredients.

   • By composition:
     • Vitamin-mineral complexes: Contain combinations of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, K) and minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium). Designed to replenish the deficiency of vitamins and minerals, maintain general health. Examples: multi-vitamins, complexes for pregnant women, complexes for children.
     • Plant dietary supplements: Contain extracts, powders, infusions of plants with medicinal or preventive properties. They are used to maintain the health of various organs and systems (cardiovascular, digestive, immune). Examples: Echinacea extract, ginkgo biloba extract, milk thistle.
     • Bades based on animal products: They contain components obtained from animals, such as chondroitin, glucosamine, collagen, fish oil. Used to maintain the health of joints, skin, hair, cardiovascular system.
     • Microorganism -based dietary supplements (probiotics and prebiotics): Contain living microorganisms (probiotics) or substances that contribute to their growth (prebiotics). They are used to normalize intestinal microflora, improve digestion, and strengthen immunity. Examples: bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, inulin.
     • Amino acids and peptides: Contain amino acids (building blocks of proteins) or peptides (short amino acid chains). They are used to maintain muscle mass, improve sports indicators, recovery after training. Examples: BCAA, creatine, glutamine.
     • Food fibers: They contain undigested carbohydrates that contribute to the normalization of the intestines, reduce cholesterol, and control of blood sugar. Examples: fiber, pectin, guar gum.
   • For functional purpose:
     • Bades to maintain immunity: Contain vitamins (C, D), minerals (zinc, selenium), plant extracts (echinacea, ginseng).
     • Bades to improve digestion: Contain probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, plant extracts (chamomile, mint).
     • Bades to maintain the cardiovascular system: Contain omega-3 fatty acids, Q10 coenzyme, plant extracts (hawthorn).
     • Dietrs to maintain joint health: Contain chondroitin, glucosamine, collagen.
     • Bades to improve cognitive functions: Contain ginkgo biloba, gota cola, vitamins of group B.
     • Dietary diets for weight loss: Contain substances that contribute to fat burning, suppression of appetite, acceleration of metabolism (caffeine, green tea, L-carnitine). It should be remembered that the efficiency and safety of such dietary supplements are often not proved.
     • Bad for athletes: Contain amino acids, creatine, proteins, vitamins and minerals to increase endurance, strength, restoration after training.

3. Legal regulation of dietary supplements in Russia and other countries (USA, Europe). Differences and features. The legal regulation of dietary supplements varies significantly in different countries.

   • Russia: Bades are regulated by the Federal Law “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” and other regulatory acts. For the production of dietary supplements on the market, state registration in Rospotrebnadzor is required. Registration involves verification of products of the products by sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including composition, safety, marking. Advertising dietary supplements should be reliable and not mislead consumers regarding the properties and efficiency of products.
   • USA: Bades are regulated by the Law on Food Addles, Health and Education (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, DSHEA) of 1994. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not require preliminary approval of FDA (control for sanitary supervision of the quality of food and medicines). Manufacturers are responsible for the safety of their products, but the FDA controls the market and may take measures against products that poses a threat to health. The marking of dietary supplements should contain information about the composition, manufacturer, recommendations for use and warning. Advertising of dietary supplements should not contain applications for the treatment of diseases.
   • Europe: Addiction regulation is carried out at the level of national legislation of EU member states, as well as at the level of pan-European directives and regulations. There is no single European legislation regulating all aspects of production and the sale of dietary supplements. Some countries require a notification or registration of dietary supplements before issuing a market. The European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) assesses the safety and effectiveness of certain ingredients used in dietary supplements. Advertising of the dietary supplement must comply with the requirements of the directive about inaccurate and comparative advertising.
   • The main differences: In the United States, dietary supplements are less strict than in Russia and Europe. In the United States, manufacturers are not required to receive preliminary approval of the FDA, but are responsible for the safety of products. In Russia, state registration of dietary supplements is required. In Europe, regulation is carried out at the level of national legislation, which leads to differences in the requirements for dietary supplements in different countries. In all regions, advertising dietary supplements should be reliable and not mislead consumers.

4. Dietary supplement production forms (tablets, capsules, powders, solutions) are the advantages and disadvantages of each form. Bad is produced in various forms, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

   • Tablets:
     • Advantages: Cheapness of production, ease of dosage, long shelf life.
     • Flaws: They can be difficult to swallow, are worse absorbed than capsules, contain more excipients (fillers, binders, dyes).
   • Capsules:
     • Advantages: Easily swallow, better absorbed than tablets, mask the taste and smell of ingredients, contain fewer auxiliary substances.
     • Flaws: More expensive in production than tablets, gelatin membrane can cause allergic reactions in some people.
   • Powders:
     • Advantages: Easy to dose, you can mix with water or other drinks, are quickly absorbed.
     • Flaws: Unknown to transportation, can have an unpleasant taste, require accurate dosing, can be unstable during storage.
   • Solutions (fluids):
     • Advantages: They are quickly absorbed, convenient for children and people experiencing difficulties with swallowing tablets or capsules, allow us to accurately dose.
     • Flaws: A short shelf life after opening, may contain preservatives, inconvenient for transportation, can have an unpleasant taste.

Section 2: The benefits of dietary supplements – scientifically sound application

1. Vitamin-mineral complexes: the need for admission and proven effectiveness. Vitamin-mineral complexes can be useful in certain situations when there is an increased need for nutrients or their insufficient intake with food.

   • Increased need: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, intense physical activity, chronic diseases.
   • Insufficient receipt: Limiting diets, unbalanced diet, accommodation in regions with a deficiency of certain trace elements (for example, iodine).
   • Proven effectiveness:
     • Folic acid during pregnancy: Prevents defects in the nervous tube in the fetus.
     • Vitamin D with deficiency: Supports the health of bones and muscles, strengthens immunity.
     • Iron with iron deficiency anemia: Eliminates iron deficiency, improves the oxygen supply of tissues.
     • Calcium and vitamin D for the prevention of osteoporosis: Strengthen bone tissue, reduce the risk of fractures.
   • Important: Reception of vitamin-mineral complexes should be justified and agreed with a doctor. Long -term intake of high doses of some vitamins and minerals can be harmful to health.

2. Omega-3 fatty acids: benefits for the cardiovascular system, brain and vision. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are important for human health. They are found in fatty fish (salmon, tuna, herring), linen seeds, walnuts.

   • The benefits for the cardiovascular system: Reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood, reduce the risk of blood clots, reduce blood pressure, and improve vascular elasticity.
   • The benefits for the brain: Support cognitive functions, improve memory and attention, reduce the risk of developing the dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
   • The benefits of vision: Support the health of the retina, reduce the risk of developing age -related macular degeneration.
   • Proof: Numerous clinical studies confirm the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for health. It is recommended to consume at least 250-500 mg omega-3 fatty acids per day.

3. Probiotics and prebiotics: maintaining the health of the intestines and immunity. Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when used in sufficient quantities, have a beneficial effect on the health of the owner. Prebiotics are substances that serve as food for probiotics and contribute to their growth and reproduction in the intestines.

   • The benefits of intestinal health: They normalize the intestinal microflora, improve digestion, reduce the risk of diarrhea, constipation, inflammatory intestinal diseases.
   • The benefits of immunity: Strengthen the immune system, increase the body’s resistance to infections, and reduce the risk of allergic reactions.
   • Proof: Clinical studies confirm the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. It is important to choose probiotics containing bacterial strains, the effectiveness of which is proved in clinical studies.

4. Plant dietary supplements: use in traditional medicine and modern research. Plant dietary supplements are used in traditional medicine for many centuries. Some plant dietary supplements have proven efficiency and safety confirmed by modern research.

   • Examples:
     • Milk thistle: Protects the liver from damage, promotes the restoration of liver cells.
     • SOUTINATEA: Strengthens immunity, helps to fight colds.
     • Ginkgo biloba: Improves blood circulation, supports cognitive functions.
     • Valerian: It has a calming effect, helps with insomnia.
   • Important: Before using plant dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, as they can interact with drugs and cause side effects. It is necessary to choose plant dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers guaranteeing the quality and safety of products.

5. Bad for athletes: improving results and recovery after training. Bades are widely used by athletes to improve sports results and recover after training.

   • Examples:
     • Creatine: Increases strength and endurance, helps to increase muscle mass.
     • BCAA (amino acids with an extensive chain): Accelerate recovery after training, reduce muscle pain.
     • Protein: It is necessary for the construction and restoration of muscle tissue.
     • L-Carnitin: Promotes fat burning, increases endurance.
   • Important: The use of dietary supplements for athletes should be justified and agreed with a doctor or a sports nutritionist. It is necessary to choose a dietary supplement from reliable manufacturers who have passed testing for the content of prohibited substances.

Section 3: The dangers and risks associated with the reception

1. The inconsistency of the composition declared on the packaging. Falsification and impurities. One of the main problems associated with dietary supplements is the inconsistency of the composition of the declared on the package. This may be due to falsification of products or the dishonesty of manufacturers.

   • Falsification: The substitution of active ingredients with cheaper or ineffective substances.
   • Impurities: The presence of inventories in dietary supplements, such as heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, mold.
   • Risks: Lack of expected effect, side effects, allergic reactions, poisoning.
   • Prevention: Buying dietary supplements from well -known and reliable manufacturers, checking quality certificates, a careful study of the composition and expiration date.

2. Interaction of dietary supplements with drugs. Potential negative consequences. Bad can interact with drugs by changing their effectiveness or causing side effects.

   • Examples:
     • St. John’s wort: Reduces the effectiveness of some antidepressants, contraceptives, anticoagulants.
     • Vitamin K: Reduces the effectiveness of anticoagulants (warfarin).
     • Grapefruit juice: Enhances or weakens the effect of many drugs.
   • Risks: Reducing the effectiveness of drug treatment, increased side effects, bleeding, change in blood pressure.
   • Prevention: Informing a doctor about dietary supplements, consultation with a pharmacist, avoiding the simultaneous administration of dietary supplements and drugs without consulting a doctor.

3. Side effects and allergic reactions. Individual intolerance to components. Reception of dietary supplements can cause side effects and allergic reactions. Individual intolerance to components is a reaction of the body to certain substances contained in dietary supplements.

   • Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness, insomnia, increased blood pressure.
   • Allergic reactions: Skin rash, itching, urticaria, Quincke’s edema, anaphylactic shock.
   • Prevention: A careful study of the composition of dietary supplements, the beginning of admission from small doses, the cessation of administration when side effects or allergic reactions appear, consulting a doctor.

4. An overdose of vitamins and minerals. Hypervitaminosis and its manifestations. An overdose of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous to health. Hypervitaminosis is a condition that occurs as a result of excessive consumption of vitamins.

   • Hypervitaminosis A: Dry skin, hair loss, headache, nausea, vomiting, liver damage.
   • Hypervitaminosis D: Nausea, vomiting, weakness, high blood pressure, kidney stones.
   • Hypervitaminosis is: Violation of blood coagulation, increased risk of bleeding.
   • Hypervitaminosis with: Diarrhea, nausea, the formation of kidney stones.
   • Prevention: Strict adherence to the recommended doses indicated on the packaging, to avoid the simultaneous administration of several vitamin-mineral complexes, consulting a doctor before taking vitamins and minerals.

5. Lack of evidence base of efficiency and safety for many dietary supplements. Marketing tricks. For many dietary supplements, there is no sufficient evidence base of efficiency and safety. Marketing tricks are often used to promote dietary supplements, misleading consumers regarding their properties and effectiveness.

   • Marketing tricks: The use of pseudo -scientific terms, unreasonable statements about medicinal properties, positive reviews written “on order”, creating the impression that dietary supplements are a “miraculous” tool from all diseases.
   • Risks: Loss of money, lack of expected effect, deterioration in health.
   • Prevention: A critical attitude towards Advertising of Bads, checking information about dietary supplements in reliable sources, consultation with a doctor or pharmacist, avoiding the purchase of dietary supplements advertised as “miraculous” means.

6. Health risk for self -medication. The need to consult a doctor. A self -medication of dietary supplements can be dangerous to health. It is necessary to consult a doctor before starting dietary supplements in order to verify their necessity, safety and lack of contraindications. The doctor will help you choose the optimal dose and dietary supplement mode, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and health status.

Section 4: How to choose the right and use dietary supplement

1. The choice of a reliable manufacturer. Certification and quality control. The choice of a reliable manufacturer is one of the key factors that ensure the quality and safety of dietary supplements. It is necessary to pay attention to the availability of quality certificates (for example, GMP – Good Manufacturing Practice) confirming the compliance of production with the established standards. You should also choose a dietary supplement from manufacturers with a good reputation in the market and positive consumer reviews. Verification of the availability of a certificate of state registration (SGR) in the register of Rospotrebnadzor is mandatory.

2. A careful study of the composition and contraindications. Accounting for the individual characteristics of the body. Before buying dietary supplements, you must carefully study the composition and contraindications indicated on the packaging. Make sure that the composition does not have ingredients for which you have an allergy or individual intolerance. It is also necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the body, such as age, gender, state of health, the presence of chronic diseases, taking drugs.

3. Compliance with the recommended doses and reception mode. Do not exceed the established standards. Compliance with the recommended doses and reception regime is an important condition for ensuring safety and dietary supplements. Do not exceed the established norms indicated on the packaging, as this can lead to an overdose and side effects. It is recommended to take dietary supplements at the same time every day, drinking enough water.

4. Proper storage of dietary supplements. Compliance with storage conditions indicated on the packaging. Proper storage of dietary supplements is a necessary condition for maintaining their quality and safety. The storage conditions indicated on the packaging, such as temperature, humidity, protection against light, should be observed. Do not store dietary supplements in the bathroom or on the windowsill, where they can be exposed to high temperatures and humidity. It is necessary to store dietary supplements in an inaccessible place for children.

5. Maintaining a diary of admission of dietary supplements. Tracking the effect and side effects. Keeping a diary of admission of dietary supplements can help track the effect and side effects. The diary should be recorded in the name of dietary supplements, a dose, reception mode, the start date of the reception, as well as all changes in the state of health that occurred during the use of dietary supplements. This will help to determine whether dietary supplements are effective for you and whether it causes side effects.

6. Regular monitoring of health status with prolonged admission of dietary supplements. Consultation with a doctor. With prolonged admission of dietary supplements, it is recommended to regularly control the state of health and consult a doctor. The doctor may prescribe the necessary tests and examinations to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements, as well as to identify possible side effects or contraindications. Regular control of health status will help prevent the development of serious complications and maintain health.

Section 5: myths and misconceptions about dietary supplement

1. Myth: Bad is natural and therefore safe products. Despite the fact that dietary supplements contain natural ingredients, this does not mean that they are always safe. Some plant extracts may contain toxic substances, and high doses of vitamins and minerals can cause side effects and overdose. In addition, dietary supplements can interact with drugs by changing their effectiveness or causing side effects. Therefore, before the start of admission of dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor.

2. Myth: BAD can replace drugs. Bad are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They can only be used as an addition to the diet or to maintain health. If there is a disease, you must consult a doctor and follow his recommendations. Replacing drugs of dietary supplements can lead to a deterioration in health and the development of complications.

3. Myth: The larger the dose of dietary supplements, the better the effect. An increase in dose of dietary supplements does not always lead to an improvement in the effect. In some cases, high doses of vitamins and minerals can be harmful to health and cause side effects. It is necessary to observe the recommended doses indicated on the packaging, and not exceed the established standards.

4. Myth: All dietary supplements are equally effective. The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary depending on the manufacturer, composition, quality of ingredients and individual characteristics of the body. Some dietary supplements can be effective for some people, but ineffective for others. It is important to choose a dietary supplement from reliable manufacturers with a good reputation in the market and positive consumer reviews.

5. Myth: BAD have no side effects. Bad, like any other substances, can cause side effects and allergic reactions. Side effects can be easy (nausea, diarrhea, headache) or serious (anaphylactic shock). Before starting the reception of dietary supplements, it is necessary to carefully study the composition and contraindications indicated on the package and consult a doctor.

6. Myth: Bad is a divorce for money. Not all dietary supplements are a divorce for money. Some dietary supplements have proven effectiveness and can be useful for maintaining health. However, there are many unscrupulous manufacturers on the market who offer ineffective and even harmful dietary supplements. It is important to critically relate to the advertisements of dietary supplements, check the information about dietary supplements in reliable sources and consult a doctor or pharmacist.

Section 6: Prospects and trends of the market of DBD

1. The growth of the popularity of dietary supplements due to the trend for a healthy lifestyle. In recent years, there has been an increase in the popularity of dietary supplements, which is associated with a trend on a healthy lifestyle and increased attention to the prevention of diseases. People are increasingly aware of the importance of proper nutrition, physical activity and maintenance of health. Bad is considered as a convenient and affordable way to replenish the shortage of nutrients and improve the overall state of health.

2. The development of a personalized approach to the use of dietary supplements. Genetic tests and individual recommendations. In the future, the development of a personalized approach to the use of dietary supplements is predicted. Genetic tests can help determine the individual needs of the body in nutrients and choose the optimal dietary supplement for each person. Individual recommendations for the use of dietary supplements will be based on the results of genetic testing, health status and lifestyle.

3. Innovative forms of release and delivery of dietary supplements (nanotechnology, liposomes). Innovative forms of production and delivery of dietary supplements, such as nanotechnology and liposomes, are developed. Nanotechnologies allow you to create particles of active ingredients of a very small size, which ensures their best assimilation and bioavailability. Liposomes are microscopic spherical vesicles consisting of lipids that are used to deliver active ingredients directly to the cells of the body.

4. Strengthening the quality of quality and regulation of the market of DBD. Consumer protection. Strengthening quality control and regulation of the market of DBA is expected. State bodies will take measures to combat falsification of products, unscrupulous advertising and unauthorized sale of dietary supplements. Protection of consumer rights will be strengthened by increasing the transparency of information about dietary supplements, the introduction of mandatory certification and liability of manufacturers for quality and safety of products.

5. Integration of dietary supplements into the healthcare system. Recommendations of doctors and nutritionists. In the future, the integration of dietary supplements into the healthcare system is predicted. Doctors and nutritionists will recommend dietary supplements to patients as an addition to the main treatment and for the prevention of diseases. The integration of dietary supplements into the healthcare system will increase the effectiveness of treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.

Section 7: Conclusion

(This section would be the conclusion, which the instructions prohibit.)