Healthy skin secrets: dermatologist tips

Healthy skin secrets: dermatologist tips

I. Fundamentals of healthy skin: Understanding your skin type

Healthy skin is not just an aesthetic ideal, it is a reflection of a general state of health. Maintaining the optimal condition of the skin requires an individual approach based on an understanding of its unique characteristics. The key element of this understanding is the determination of the skin type. The use of unsuitable means or care modes can lead to aggravation of existing problems or the emergence of new ones.

IA four main skin types:

There are four main types of skin: normal, dry, oily and combined. Determining your skin type is the first step to develop an effective care program. Although there are dermatological tests for accurate determination of the skin type, an independent assessment based on sensations and observations can provide valuable information.

• Normal skin: Normal skin is characterized by a balanced level of moisture and fat. She is not too dry and not too fat. The pores are usually small and inconspicuous, and the skin has an even tone and texture. People with normal skin usually experience minimal problems, such as acne or dryness. Caring for normal skin includes maintaining its natural balance using soft cleansing agents, moisturizing creams and protection from the sun.

• Dry skin: Dry skin lacks moisture, which leads to sensations of tightness, peeling and itching. It can be prone to the appearance of thin lines and wrinkles. Dry skin is often more sensitive and can be easily irritated under the influence of aggressive means or environment. Dry skin care includes the use of saturated moisturizers, avoiding aggressive detergents and protection against dehydration factors such as cold air and excessive use of heaters. Key ingredients for dry skin care include hyaluronic acid, glycerin, ceramides and oils.

• Burnic leather: Burning skin is characterized by excessive production of skin fat, which leads to brilliance, expanded pores and tendencies to acne. Although oily skin can be more resistant to wrinkles, excess sebum can clog pores and cause inflammation. Frequency care includes the use of soft cleansing agents that remove excess fat without overdrying the skin. Light, not comedogenic moisturizers are necessary to maintain water balance. Regular exfoliation helps to prevent clogging of pores.

• Combined skin: Combined skin combines the characteristics of oily and dry skin. Usually oily in the T-zone (forehead, nose and chin) and dry or normal on the cheeks. Combined skin care requires balancing. It is necessary to control the fat content in the T-zone, at the same time moisturizing dry areas. Different areas of the skin may need different products and care methods.

IB factors affecting the type of skin:

The type of skin is determined by genetics, but can change under the influence of various factors:

• Genetics: A genetic predisposition plays a significant role in determining the type of skin. If your parents probably have oily skin, too, you will have oily skin.
• Age: With age, the skin naturally becomes dry, since the production of sebum decreases. Collagen and elastin, supporting the structure of the skin, are also reduced, which leads to the appearance of wrinkles and sagging.
• Environment: The effect of the sun, wind, cold and pollution can affect the type of skin. The sun damages collagen and elastin, causing premature aging. Cold air can dry the skin.
• Hormones: Hormonal changes, such as adolescence, pregnancy and menopause, can affect the production of sebum. These changes can lead to acne, dryness or increased sensitivity.
• Diet: Some studies show that diet can affect the condition of the skin. The use of a large amount of sugar and processed products can aggravate acne. On the other hand, the use of foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids can improve skin health.
• Medications: Some drugs can cause dry skin, acne or other skin problems.

IC test for determining the type of skin:

A simple test will help determine your skin type:

1. Wash a soft cleansing agent: Use a soft cleansing agent suitable for all skin types, and gently dry your face with a towel.

2. Do not apply any funds within 30 minutes: Wait 30 minutes without applying any moisturizers or serums.

3. Evaluate your skin: After 30 minutes, inspect and feel your skin.

   • Normal skin: The skin feels comfortable, not too tight and not too fat.
   • Dry skin: The skin feels tight, peeling or itching.
   • Burnic leather: The skin shines, especially in the T-zone.
   • Combined skin: The T-zone shines, and the cheeks feel normal or dry.

II. Skin care: the main stages of daily routine

Regardless of the skin type, the daily route route is the basis for maintaining its health and beauty. The sequence and use of suitable products are crucial. The daily regime should include the following main stages:

II.A. Cleansing:

Cleansing is the first and most important stage of skin care. It removes pollution, excess fat, makeup and dead skin cells that can clog pores and cause acne. The choice of the correct cleansing agent is crucial, since aggressive detergents can deprive the skin of natural oils, causing dryness and irritation.

• Types of cleansing funds:

  • Gels: Gel cleansing agents are usually light and suitable for oily and combined skin. They effectively remove excess fat and pollution.
  • Creams: Creamy cleansing agents are softer and moisturizing, which makes them ideal for dry and sensitive skin.
  • Foam: Foaming cleansing agents provide deep cleansing, but can be too dry for dry skin.
  • Oils: Cleansing oils dissolve makeup and pollution, without depriving the skin of natural oils. They are suitable for all skin types, even for oily.
  • Micellar water: Micellar water is a mild water -based purifying agent that effectively removes makeup and pollution.

• How to cleanse the skin:

  1. Moisten your face with warm water.
  2. Apply a small amount of cleanser to the fingertips.
  3. Gently massage the skin with circular motions for 30-60 seconds.
  4. Rinse thoroughly with warm water.
  5. Gently dry your face with a towel.

• What should be avoided:

  • Aggressive detergents containing sulfates.
  • Too hot water that can deprive the skin of natural oils.
  • Intensive skin friction, which can cause irritation.

II.B. Toning:

Toning is an optional, but useful stage of skin care. The tonic helps to remove the remnants of the cleansing agent, to balance the skin of the skin and prepare it for the subsequent application of serums and moisturizers.

• Types of tonics:

  • Moisturizing tonics: They contain moisturizing ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and glycerin, and are suitable for dry and normal skin.
  • Exfoliating tonics: Contain alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) or beta-hydroxy acids (BHA), which help to remove dead skin cells and improve the skin texture. They are suitable for oily and combined skin prone to acne.
  • Soothing tonics: They contain soothing ingredients, such as aloe vera and chamomile, and are suitable for sensitive skin.

• How to use a tonic correctly:

  1. After cleansing, moisten a cotton pad with a tonic.
  2. Gently wipe your face and neck with a cotton pad, avoiding the area around the eyes.
  3. Let the tonic dry before applying the following funds.

• What should be avoided:

  • Tonics containing alcohol that can dry the skin.
  • Too frequent use of exfoliating tonics, which can cause irritation.

II.C. Moisturization:

Moisturization is an important stage of skin care for all skin types, even for oily. A moisturizer helps to retain moisture in the skin, preserving it moisturized, elastic and protected from external factors.

• Types of moisturizers:

  • Lotions: The lotions are light and quickly absorbed, which makes them suitable for normal and oily skin.
  • Creams: Creams are thicker and moisturizing, which makes them ideal for dry and combined skin.
  • Oils: Oils can be an excellent moisturizer for dry skin. They help retain moisture and soften the skin.
  • Gels: Gel moisturizing agents are light and do not contain oils, which makes them suitable for oral and prone to acne skin.

• How to moisten the skin correctly:

  1. After cleansing and tonic, apply a small amount of moisturizer to the fingertips.
  2. Gently massage the skin with circular motions until completely absorb.
  3. Do not forget to moisturize the neck and neckline.

• What should be avoided:

  • Moisturizing agents containing comedogenic ingredients that can score pores.
  • Too heavy moisturizers that can make oily skin even more oily.
  • Skip moisturizing, especially if you have dry skin.

II.D. Sun protection:

Sun protection is the most important stage of skin care to prevent premature aging, sunburn and skin cancer. Solar radiation is damaged by collagen and elastin, causing wrinkles, age spots and other signs of aging.

• Types of sunscreen:

  • Mineral sunscreen: Contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which form a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting the sun’s rays. They are considered safer and suitable for sensitive skin.
  • Chemical sunscreen: Contain chemicals that absorb the sun’s rays. They are usually easier than mineral sunscreen.

• How to use sunscreen:

  1. Apply a wide range of a wide spectrum of action with SPF 30 or higher for all open areas of the skin 15-30 minutes before the sun.
  2. Use a sufficient amount of sunscreen (about one ounce for the whole body).
  3. Apply the sunscreen every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
  4. Do not forget to apply sunscreen on the ears, lips and back of the hands.

• What should be avoided:

  • Pass the sunscreen, even on cloudy days.
  • Use sunscreen with an expired shelf life.
  • Rely only on sunscreen, without using other measures from the sun, such as wearing protective clothing and being in the shade.

III. Additional stages of skin care: serums, peels and masks

In addition to the main stages of daily routine, you can add additional stages to solve specific skin problems and enhance the effect of the main care. Serums, peels and masks can significantly improve the condition of the skin, subject to proper choice and use.

III.A. Serum:

Serums are concentrated means containing a high concentration of active ingredients. They are designed to solve specific skin problems, such as wrinkles, pigment spots, acne and dryness. Serums are applied after cleansing and tonic, before moisturizing.

• Types of serums:

  • Antioxidant serums: Contain antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which protect the skin from damage to free radicals.
  • Hyaluronic acid serums: They contain hyaluronic acid, which helps to retain moisture in the skin, making it more moisturized and elastic.
  • Serum with retinol: They contain retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, which helps to reduce wrinkles, improve skin texture and fight acne.
  • Serum with niacinamide: They contain niacinamide, the shape of vitamin B3, which helps reduce redness, reduce pores and improve skin tone.
  • Serum for lightening the skin: They contain ingredients such as vitamin C, coyic acid and arbutin, which help reduce pigment spots and align the skin tone.

• How to use serum correctly:

  1. After cleansing and tonic, apply a small amount of serum to the fingertips.
  2. Gently massage the skin with circular motions until completely absorb.
  3. Wait a few minutes before applying a moisturizer.

• What should be avoided:

  • The use of too much serum that can cause irritation.
  • The use of several serums simultaneously containing potentially conflict ingredients. Always check the compatibility of the ingredients.
  • The use of serums with retinol day, as they can make the skin more sensitive to the sun. Retinol is best used in the evening.

III.B. Pilingy:

Peeling is a procedure that removes dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, improving its texture, tone and appearance. Peels can be chemical or mechanical.

• Types of peeling:

  • Chemical peels: They use acids such as AHA (alpha-hydroxy acids) and BHA (beta-hydroxy acids), for exfoliation of the skin. They are available in various concentrations, from soft homemade peels to stronger professional peels.
  • Mechanical peeling: Physical abrasives are used, such as scrubs and microdermabemes, to remove dead skin cells.

• How to use peeling correctly:

  1. Clean the skin before applying peeling.
  2. Apply peeling in accordance with the instructions on the packaging.
  3. Leave peeling on the skin at the specified time.
  4. Rinse the peeling thoroughly with water.
  5. Apply a moisturizer.

• What should be avoided:

  • Too frequent use of peeling, which can cause irritation and skin damage.
  • Using too strong peeling, especially if you have sensitive skin.
  • Use of peeling, if you have active inflammation, eczema or psoriasis.
  • Forget the sunscreen after peeling, as the skin becomes more sensitive to the sun.

III.C. Masks:

Masks are skin care products that are applied to the face for a certain time to solve specific skin problems. There are various types of masks designed to moisturize, cleanse, exfoliate and calm the skin.

• Types of masks:

  • Moisturizing masks: They contain moisturizing ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid, glycerin and oil, and help moisten dry skin.
  • Cleaning masks: Contain clay or activated carbon, which help to remove pollution from the pores and reduce fat.
  • Exfoliating masks: Contain AHA or BHA, which help remove the dead skin cells and improve the skin texture.
  • Soothing masks: They contain soothing ingredients, such as aloe vera, chamomile and green tea, and help reduce redness and irritation.
  • Fabric masks: They are masks made of fabric saturated with serum, which provide intensive moisturizing and nutrition of the skin.

• How to use the mask correctly:

  1. Clean the skin before applying the mask.
  2. Apply the mask in accordance with the instructions on the package.
  3. Leave the mask on the skin at the specified time.
  4. Wash off the mask thoroughly with water.
  5. Apply a moisturizer.

• What should be avoided:

  • Leaving the mask on the skin for too long, which can cause irritation.
  • Using a mask, if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.
  • The use of an exfoliating mask is too often, which can cause irritation.

IV. Nutrition and hydration: important factors for healthy skin

Skin care is not limited to the use of cosmetics. Skin health largely depends on nutrition and hydration. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, as well as sufficient water consumption, are crucial for maintaining a healthy, radiant skin.

IV.A. The role of nutrition:

• Antioxidants: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene, protect the skin from damage to free radicals, which are formed as a result of the exposure of the sun, pollution and other environmental factors. They are found in fruits, vegetables and berries.

• Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation and maintain the health of cell membranes. They are found in fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel and sardines, as well as in flaxseed seeds and walnuts.

• Vitamins: Vitamin A is necessary for the growth and renewal of skin cells. Vitamin D helps regulate the immune function and protects the skin from damage. Vitamin C is necessary for the production of collagen, which supports the structure of the skin. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects the skin from damage.

• Minerals: Zinc is necessary for healing wounds and regulating the production of sebum. Selenium is an antioxidant that protects the skin from damage.

• Products that are useful for the skin:

  • Fruits and vegetables: Berries, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, carrots and sweet potatoes.
  • Fat fish: Salmon, mackerel and sardines.
  • Nuts and seeds: Walnuts, linen seeds, chia seeds and pumpkin seeds.
  • Avocado: It is rich in healthy fats and antioxidants.
  • Green tea: Contains antioxidants and anti -inflammatory properties.

• Products that should be avoided or limited:

  • Sahar: Excessive consumption of sugar can contribute to inflammation and acne.
  • Processed products: They contain harmful fats, sugar and additives that can negatively affect the health of the skin.
  • Dairy products: They can aggravate acne in some people.
  • Alcohol: It can dehydrate the skin and promote inflammation.

IV.B. The role of hydration:

Water is necessary for all body functions, including maintaining skin health. Dehydration can lead to dryness, dullness and the appearance of wrinkles.

• How much water you need to drink:

  • It is recommended to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day. The need for water can vary depending on the level of activity, climate and general health.

• How to stay moisturized:

  • Always carry a bottle of water with you.
  • Drink water during the day, even if you do not feel thirsty.
  • Eat fruits and vegetables with a high water content, such as watermelon, cucumber and strawberries.
  • Avoid the use of a large amount of coffee and alcohol, which can dehydrate the skin.

V. Solution of common skin problems: acne, rosacea, eczema and aging

Various factors, from genetics to the environment, can cause a wide range of skin problems. Understanding these problems and affordable treatment methods is crucial for maintaining healthy and radiant skin.

VA Acne:

Acne is a common skin disease, which is characterized by acne, acne and cysts. It occurs when hair follicles are clogged with skin fat and dead skin cells. Acne is most often found in adolescents, but can occur at any age.

• Factors contributing to the development of acne:

  • Hormones: Hormonal changes, such as adolescence, pregnancy and menstruation, can increase the production of sebum.
  • Genetics: A genetic predisposition can increase the risk of acne.
  • Bacteria: Bacteria Cutibacterium acnes (previously Propionibacterium acnes) play a role in the development of acne.
  • Inflammation: Inflammation plays an important role in the development of acne.
  • Medicines: Some drugs, such as corticosteroids and lithium, can cause acne.
  • Stress: Stress can aggravate acne.
  • Diet: Some studies show that a high sugar and processed food diet can aggravate acne.

• Acne Treatment:

  • Local funds: Local funds from acne include benzoileroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids and antibiotics.
  • Systems: Acne systems include antibiotics, isolatinine (accuman) and contraceptive tablets.
  • Professional procedures: Professional procedures from acne include chemical peels, microdermabrase and laser therapy.

• Acne Prevention:

  • Clean the skin regularly: Use a soft cleanser twice a day.
  • Avoid touching your face: This can transfer bacteria to the skin.
  • Use not comedogenic products: Choose skin care products and makeup that do not score pores.
  • Manage stress: Practice relaxation methods such as yoga and meditation.
  • Support a healthy diet: Limit the use of sugar and processed products.

VB Rozacea:

Rosacea is a chronic skin disease, which is characterized by redness visible by blood vessels and small cones on the face. Rosacea is more common in people with light skin and usually begins in adulthood.

• Factors contributing to the development of Rosacea:

  • Genetics: A genetic predisposition can increase the risk of rosacea.
  • Environment: The impact of the sun, wind and cold can aggravate Rosacea.
  • Demodex pliers: Demodex ticks are microscopic ticks that live on the skin. People with Rosacea are usually more Demodex ticks than people without this disease.
  • Bacteria: Bacteria Bacillus oleron They can play a role in the development of Rosacea.
  • Vascular disorders: Anomalies in the blood vessels of the faces can contribute to the development of rosacea.

• Rosacea treatment:

  • Local funds: Local remedies from Rosacea include metronidazole, azelainic acid and brimonidine.
  • Systems: Rosacea systems include antibiotics and isolatinine.
  • Laser therapy: Laser therapy can be used to reduce redness and visible blood vessels.

• Rosacea Prevention:

  • Avoid triggers: Determine and avoid factors that cause an exacerbation of rosacea, such as the sun, wind, cold, alcohol, spicy food and stress.
  • Use soft skin care products: Choose soft cleansing agents and moisturizers that do not contain fragrances and alcohol.
  • Protect the skin from the sun: Use a wide range of spectrum with SPF 30 or higher every day.
  • Manage stress: Practice relaxation methods such as yoga and meditation.

VC Eceema:

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by itchy, inflamed skin. Eczema often begins in childhood, but can occur at any age.

• Factors contributing to the development of eczema:

  • Genetics: A genetic predisposition can increase the risk of eczema.
  • Immune system: An abnormal immune system can contribute to the development of eczema.
  • Barrier function of the skin: The damaged skin barrier can allow stimuli and allergens to penetrate the skin, causing inflammation.
  • Environment: Allergens, such as pollen, dust mites and animal hair, can cause exacerbation of eczema.
  • Irritants: An irritants, such as soap, detergents and perfumes, can aggravate eczema.
  • Stress: Stress can aggravate eczema.

• Eczema treatment:

  • Local corticosteroids: Local corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and itching.
  • Local calciuminera inhibitors: Local calciuminera inhibitors, such as Takrolimus and Pimecrolymus, help reduce inflammation without causing side effects associated with corticosteroids.
  • Moisturizing agents: Regular moisture helps restore the skin barrier and reduce dryness.
  • Antihistamines: Antihistamines can help reduce itching.
  • Phototherapy: Phototherapy (light treatment) can help reduce inflammation.
  • Systems: In severe cases of eczema, systemic tools, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, can be prescribed.

• Eczema prevention:

  • Avoid triggers: Determine and avoid factors that cause exacerbation of eczema, such as allergens, irritants and stress.
  • Use soft skin care products: Choose soft cleansing agents and moisturizers that do not contain fragrances and alcohol.
  • Moisten the skin regularly: Moisten the skin several times a day, especially after bathing.
  • Avoid hot water: Use warm water for bathing and avoid a long stay in the water.
  • Wear cotton free clothes: Avoid woolen and synthetic clothing that can irritate the skin.
  • Manage stress: Practice relaxation methods such as yoga and meditation.

VD skin aging:

Skin aging is a natural process that is characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, age spots, elasticity and dryness. The aging of the skin is affected by both internal factors (genetics) and external factors (exposure to the sun, smoking, pollution).

• Factors contributing to the aging of the skin:

  • Genetics: A genetic predisposition can affect the rate of aging of the skin.
  • Age: With age, the production of collagen and elastin decreases, which leads to the appearance of wrinkles and loss of elasticity.
  • The impact of the sun: The effect of the Sun is the main cause of premature aging of the skin. Solar radiation is damaged by collagen and elastin, causing wrinkles, age spots and elasticity loss.
  • Smoking: Smoking accelerates the aging of the skin, damaging collagen and elastin.
  • Pollution: Environmental pollution can contribute to skin aging, damaging the skin cells with free radicals.
  • Stress: Chronic stress can accelerate skin aging.
  • Inal meals: Diet, poor in antioxidants and nutrients, can contribute to skin aging.

• Treatment of skin aging:

  • Local retinoids: Local retinoids, such as TRASTINOin, help reduce wrinkles, improve the texture of the skin and stimulate collagen production.
  • Antioxidant serums: Antioxidant serum, such as serum with vitamin C, help protect the skin from damage to free radicals.
  • Sunscreen cream: The use of a wide range of a wide spectrum of action with SPF 30 or higher every day helps to prevent further damage to the skin of the sun.
  • Chemical peels: Chemical peels help remove dead skin cells and improve the skin texture.
  • Laser therapy: Laser therapy can be used to reduce wrinkles, pigment spots and improve skin texture.
  • Injection procedures: Injection procedures, such as Botox and fillers, can be used to reduce wrinkles and restore the volume of the face.

• Prevention of skin aging:

  • Protect the skin from the sun: Use a wide range of a wide spectrum of action with SPF 30 or higher every day, even on cloudy days. Wear protective clothes and hat.