Chapter 1: Bades and pregnancy: General principles and necessity
Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) play an increasingly noticeable role in the modern world, and pregnancy is no exception. The growing popularity of dietary supplements is due to the desire to maintain optimal health, especially during periods of increased need for nutrients, such as bearing a child. However, the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy requires special caution and awareness.
Daistry definition:
Bades are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances intended for direct intake with food or introduction into food products. They are not drugs and, therefore, do not pass strict clinical trials as medicines. This means that their effectiveness and safety are not always confirmed by scientific data, especially in relation to pregnant women.
Why pregnancy requires special attention to nutrition:
Pregnancy is a period of significant physiological changes in the body of a woman. The need for vitamins, minerals and other nutrients necessary for the normal development of the fetus and maintaining the health of the mother is increasing. The disadvantage of certain nutrients can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the child, including congenital defects, premature births and low weight at birth.
The basic principles of the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy:
- Consultation with a doctor: Before you start taking any dietary supplements during pregnancy, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Only a doctor can evaluate the individual needs of a woman, take into account her health status, test results and possible contraindications.
- Risk and benefit assessment: It is necessary to carefully evaluate the potential benefits and possible risks from taking each specific dietary supplement. Some dietary supplements can be useful, while others are harmful or even dangerous for pregnant women.
- The choice of quality products: It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of their products. The purchase of dietary supplements in dubious places, as well as products with opaque composition or obscure origin, should be avoided.
- Dosage compliance: It is necessary to strictly observe the recommended dosage indicated on the package of Bad. Exceeding the dose can lead to negative consequences for the health of the mother and child.
- Accounting for interaction with other drugs: It is important to consider the possible interaction of dietary supplements with other drugs that a pregnant woman takes. Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs, which can be dangerous.
- Individual approach: The selection of dietary supplements should be individual, taking into account the needs and health status of each specific pregnant woman. You can’t rely on the advice of friends or recommendations from the Internet without consulting a doctor.
The need to use dietary supplements:
The use of dietary supplements is not always absolutely necessary during pregnancy. In most cases, a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle can provide the body of a pregnant woman with all the necessary nutrients. However, in some situations, the intake of dietary supplements can be justified and even recommended by a doctor.
These situations include:
- Insufficient intake of nutrients with food: If a pregnant woman cannot provide herself with a full nutrition due to toxicosis, diet or other reasons, the doctor can recommend a dietary supplement to compensate for the lack of necessary nutrients.
- Increased need for certain substances: In some cases, the need for certain vitamins and minerals can be higher than can be satisfied only at the expense of nutrition. For example, with multiple pregnancy or in the presence of certain diseases.
- Prevention of nutrient deficiency: In some regions where the lack of certain trace elements is common, the doctor can recommend a dietary supplement to prevent a deficiency of these substances in pregnant women.
Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy:
Despite the potential benefit, the use of dietary supplements during pregnancy is associated with certain risks.
- Insufficient knowledge: Many dietary supplements did not go through strict clinical trials for pregnant women, so their safety and efficiency in this group of population are not always confirmed.
- The possibility of keeping harmful substances: Some dietary supplements may contain impurities, toxins or other harmful substances that can negatively affect the health of the mother and child.
- Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs taken by a pregnant woman, which can lead to undesirable consequences.
- The risk of an overdose: Exceeding the recommended dosage of dietary supplements can lead to toxic effects and negatively affect the health of the mother and child.
- Masks of symptoms of diseases: Reception of dietary supplements can mask the symptoms of diseases, which can complicate diagnostics and treatment.
In the next chapter, we will examine in detail the most common dietary supplements used during pregnancy, their benefits, risks and recommendations for use.
Chapter 2: Vitamins and minerals: the main dietary supplements for pregnant women
Vitamins and minerals play a key role in ensuring the normal development of the fetus and maintaining the health of the mother during pregnancy. Due to the increased need for these nutrients, pregnant women often recommend taking vitamin-mineral complexes or individual additives.
Folic acid (vitamin B9):
Folic acid is one of the most important vitamins for pregnant women. It is necessary for the formation of the nerve tube of the fetus, which is the predecessor of the brain and spinal cord. Folic acid deficiency can lead to serious congenital defects such as Spina Bifida (cleft spine) and anencephaly (lack of brain).
- Benefit: Prevention of congenital defects in the nervous tube, reducing the risk of premature birth and low weight at birth.
- Risks: Taking high doses of folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to irreversible neurological disorders.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of folic acid for pregnant women is 400-800 μg per day. It is recommended to start folic acid 1-3 months before the planned pregnancy and continue during the first trimester. Women with a high risk of defects in the nervous tube (for example, if they already had a child with such a defect) may require a higher dose of folic acid that the doctor must prescribe.
Iron:
Iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, protein in red blood cells, which tolerates oxygen throughout the body. During pregnancy, the need for gland increases significantly, since it is necessary for the formation of blood in the fetus and an increase in blood volume in the mother. Iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which can cause fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches and increase the risk of premature birth and low weight at birth.
- Benefit: Prevention of iron deficiency anemia, maintaining a normal level of energy, reducing the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.
- Risks: Taking high doses of iron can cause constipation, nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal disorders. In rare cases, an overdose of iron can lead to serious complications, such as damage to the liver and heart.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of iron for pregnant women is 27 mg per day. In the presence of iron deficiency anemia, the doctor may prescribe a higher dose of iron. It is recommended to start iron intake in the second trimester of pregnancy, when the need for gland is the highest. For better absorption of iron, it is recommended to take it along with vitamin C.
Calcium:
Calcium is necessary for the formation of the bones and teeth of the fetus, as well as to maintain the health of the bones of the mother. During pregnancy, the need for calcium increases, since the fetus actively takes calcium from the mother’s body. Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis in the mother and a violation of the formation of bones in the fetus.
- Benefit: Maintaining the health of the mother’s bones, ensuring the normal formation of bones and teeth of the fetus, reducing the risk of preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy).
- Risks: Reception of high doses of calcium can cause constipation, kidney stones and violation of the absorption of other minerals, such as iron and zinc.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of calcium for pregnant women is 1000 mg per day. Calcium is better absorbed when taking small doses during the day. For better absorption of calcium, vitamin D.
Vitamin D:
Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and bone formation. It also plays an important role in the immune system and the regulation of cellular growth. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can lead to rickets in the fetus, osteoporosis in the mother and increase the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
- Benefit: Improving the absorption of calcium, maintaining the health of the bones of the mother and fetus, strengthening the immune system, reducing the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
- Risks: The use of high doses of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia (an increased level of calcium in the blood), which can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness and damage to the kidneys.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of vitamin D for pregnant women is 600 IU (international units) per day. In regions with insufficient sunlight or in the presence of vitamin D deficiency, the doctor may prescribe a higher dose.
Omega-3 fatty acids:
Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DGK (non-zahexaenic acid), are important for the development of the brain and vision of the fetus. They also have anti -inflammatory properties and can reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression.
- Benefit: Support for the development of the brain and vision of the fetus, a decrease in the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression, an improvement in the mother’s cardiovascular system.
- Risks: The use of high doses of omega-3 fatty acids can increase the risk of bleeding and impaired blood coagulation.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of DHK for pregnant women is 200-300 mg per day. Omega-3 fatty acids can be obtained from fatty fish (for example, salmon, sardin, tuna) or additives. It is important to choose the supplements of omega-3 fatty acids, cleansed of mercury and other pollutants.
Iodine:
Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which play an important role in the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus. During pregnancy, iodine deficiency can lead to a delay in mental development in a child and increase the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.
- Benefit: Support for the normal development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus, the prevention of hypothyroidism (reduced function of the thyroid gland) in the mother, a decrease in the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.
- Risks: Taking high doses of iodine can cause hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid function) in the mother and fetus.
- Recommendations: The recommended dose of iodine for pregnant women is 150 μg per day. Most vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women contain iodine. Also, iodine can be obtained from iodized salt and seafood.
Zinc:
Zinc is necessary for the growth and development of cells, immune function and wound healing. Circus deficiency during pregnancy can lead to delayed fetal growth, premature childbirth and increased risk of infections.
- Benefit: Support for the growth and development of cells, strengthening the immune system, reducing the risk of premature birth.
- Risks: Taking high doses of zinc can cause nausea, vomiting and violation of the assimilation of other minerals, such as copper and iron.
- Recommendations: The recommended zinc dose for pregnant women is 11 mg per day.
Other vitamins and minerals:
In addition to the above, pregnant women also need other vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, B vitamins, magnesium and selenium. In most cases, they can be obtained from a balanced diet. However, in the presence of a deficit or increased need, the doctor may recommend taking additional additives.
The choice of vitamin-mineral complex:
When choosing a vitamin-mineral complex for pregnant women, it is important to consider the following factors:
- Composition: The complex should contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals in the recommended doses.
- Quality: Choose complexes from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products.
- Individual needs: Contact a doctor to select a complex that meets your individual needs and health status.
- Tolerance: Consider your individual tolerance of the components of the complex. If you have side effects, consult a doctor to adjust the dose or replacement of the complex.
In the next chapter, we will consider other popular dietary supplements used during pregnancy, including plant drugs, probiotics and other additives.
Chapter 3: Plant drugs and other dietary supplements: Caution and consultation
In addition to vitamins and minerals, pregnant women are often interested in plant drugs and other dietary supplements to alleviate the symptoms of pregnancy, strengthen immunity and maintain overall health. However, the use of these funds requires special caution and mandatory consultation with the doctor, since many of them can be unsafe for the mother and the child.
Plant drugs:
Plant preparations are dietary supplements containing extracts, powders or other forms of plants. They are used to treat various diseases and relieve symptoms, but their safety and effectiveness during pregnancy are often not studied or contradictory.
Plant preparations that should be avoided during pregnancy:
- SOUTINATEA: Used to strengthen immunity and prevention of colds. However, research on pregnant women is absent, and its safety is not proven. There are fears that echinacea can stimulate the immune system and lead to undesirable immune reactions during pregnancy.
- Ginseng: Used to increase energy and improve cognitive functions. However, animal studies have shown that ginseng can cause congenital defects. Its safety for pregnant women has not been proven.
- Golden -tree (Yellow Root): Contains an alkaloid Berberin, which can cause nuclear jaundice in newborn. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Diagil medicinal (Dong quai): Used to treat female diseases. It can cause uterine contractions and bleeding. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- BLOPOGOGON BOLACE (Black COHOSH): Used to relieve symptoms of menopause. It can cause uterine contractions and premature birth. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Sassafras: Contains Safrol, which is a carcinogen. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Aloe Vera (inside): It can cause uterine contractions and diarrhea. It should be avoided orally during pregnancy.
- Buckthorn: It has a laxative effect. It can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Reception should be avoided during pregnancy.
- Tansy: Contains a thujon that is neurotoxin. It can cause uterine contractions and miscarriage. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Sagebrush: Contains a thujon that is neurotoxin. It can cause uterine contractions and miscarriage. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Fennel (in large doses): It can have an estrogenic effect and cause uterine contractions. Acceptance in large doses during pregnancy should be avoided.
Plant drugs that can be used with caution and only as prescribed by a doctor:
- Ginger: Used to facilitate nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is considered relatively safe when receiving in moderate doses (not more than 1 gram per day). However, in large doses, ginger can have a stimulating effect on the uterus.
- Chamomile: Used to calm the nervous system and improve sleep. It is considered relatively safe when taking moderate doses in the form of tea. However, concentrated chamomile extracts should be used with caution.
- Peppermint: Used to facilitate stomach disorder and nausea. It is considered relatively safe when taking moderate doses in the form of tea. However, in large doses, peppermint can cause heartburn and relax the muscles of the esophagus.
- Valerian: Used to calm the nervous system and improve sleep. It is considered relatively safe for short -term use in low doses. However, prolonged use of valerian during pregnancy is not recommended.
Probiotics:
Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when taken in sufficient quantities, have a positive effect on the health of the owner. They are used to maintain a healthy intestinal microflora, strengthen immunity and prevent various diseases.
- Benefit: Probiotics can help reduce the risk of vaginal infections, gestational diabetes and eczema in a child. They can also improve digestion and reduce the risk of constipation.
- Risks: Probiotics are considered relatively safe for pregnant women. However, in rare cases, they can cause side effects, such as bloating and abdominal discomfort.
- Recommendations: When choosing probiotics for pregnant women, it is important to choose products from reliable manufacturers containing well -known and well -studied strains of bacteria. Before taking probiotics, you need to consult a doctor.
Other dietary supplements:
- Collagen: Used to maintain the health of joints, skin and hair. Studies on the safety and effectiveness of collagen are limited during pregnancy. Before taking collagen, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- Hyaluronic acid: Used to moisturize the skin and maintain joint health. Studies on the safety and effectiveness of hyaluronic acid during pregnancy are limited. Before taking hyaluronic acid, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
- L-Carnitin: Used to improve energy exchange and weight loss. Studies on the safety and effectiveness of L-carnitine during pregnancy are limited. Before taking L-carnitine, you need to consult a doctor.
- Coenzim Q10 (COQ10): Used to maintain health of the cardiovascular system and increase energy. Studies on the safety and effectiveness of COQ10 are limited during pregnancy. Before you start taking COQ10, you need to consult a doctor.
Important comments:
- Lack of strict standards: Bades are not adjusted as strictly as drugs. This means that their quality, safety and effectiveness can vary.
- Possibility of falsification: Some dietary supplements can be falsified and contain the ingredients not indicated on the label.
- Individual reaction: Everyone can react differently to dietary supplements. What is safe for one person can be harmful to another.
- Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs that a pregnant woman takes.
Conclusion:
The use of plant drugs and other dietary supplements during pregnancy requires special caution and mandatory consultation with a doctor. Many of these funds can be unsafe for mother and child. Before taking any dietary supplement, it is necessary to carefully weigh all the risks and advantages and make sure of its safety and necessity.
In the next chapter, we will consider practical recommendations on the safe and efficient use of dietary supplements during pregnancy.
Chapter 4: Practical recommendations for the safe use of dietary supplements during pregnancy
Safe and efficient use of dietary supplements during pregnancy requires a conscious approach and compliance with certain rules. In this chapter, we will consider practical recommendations that will help you make the right choice and avoid possible risks.
1. Consultation with a doctor – first of all:
This is the most important and fundamental principle. Never start taking any dietary supplements during pregnancy without prior consultation with a doctor. The doctor will be able to evaluate your individual needs, health status, test results and possible contraindications. He will also be able to recommend the most suitable dietary supplements and dosages, taking into account your features.
Questions that should be discussed with a doctor:
- Do I need dietary supplements at all?
- What dietary supplements are most useful for me and my child?
- What dietary supplements should be avoided?
- What dosages are safe for me?
- How long should I take dietary supplements?
- Can dietary supplement interact with other drugs that I take?
- What side effects can occur when taking dietary supplements?
2. Risk and benefit assessment:
Carefully evaluate the potential benefits and possible risks from taking each specific dietary supplement. Remember that even “natural” products can be harmful to pregnant women.
Factors that should be taken into account when assessing risk and benefits:
- Scientific evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Bad.
- Possible side effects of dietary supplements.
- The interaction of dietary supplements with other drugs.
- Your health status and the presence of concomitant diseases.
- The risk of allergic reactions.
3. The choice of quality products:
Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products. Feel free to request from the manufacturer information about research results, quality certificates and production control.
Signs of high -quality dietary supplement:
- The presence of a quality certificate.
- An indication of the full composition and exact dosages of the ingredients.
- Indication of the expiration date.
- The availability of information about the manufacturer and his contacts.
- Lack of artificial dyes, flavors and preservatives.
- The presence of positive reviews from other consumers.
4. Compliance with the dosage:
Strictly observe the recommended dosage indicated on the Bad package or prescribed by a doctor. Exceeding the dose can lead to negative consequences for the health of the mother and child.
Recommendations for compliance with the dosage:
- Use measured spoons or pipettes for accurate dosing.
- Do not take more dietary supplements than recommended.
- If you miss the dose, do not double the next dose.
- If you have doubts about the dosage, consult your doctor.
5. Accounting for interaction with other drugs:
It is important to consider the possible interaction of dietary supplements with other drugs that you take. Some dietary supplements can enhance or weaken the effect of drugs, which can be dangerous.
Tell the doctor about all medicines and dietary supplements that you take, including:
- Medications released by prescription.
- Medications released without a prescription.
- Vitamins and minerals.
- Plant drugs.
- Homeopathic remedies.
6. Individual approach:
The selection of dietary supplements should be individual, taking into account your needs and health status. Do not rely on the advice of friends or recommendations from the Internet without consulting a doctor.
Factors that should be taken into account with individual selection of dietary supplements:
- Age.
- Weight.
- Health state.
- The presence of concomitant diseases.
- Pregnancy (gestational age).
- The results of the tests.
- Individual tolerance.
7. Careful observation of your condition:
During the reception of dietary supplements, carefully observe your condition and inform the doctor about any side effects or unusual symptoms.
Symptoms, when which you should consult a doctor:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
- Headache, dizziness.
- Skin rash, itching, swelling.
- Shortness of breath, heart heartbeat.
- Bleeding.
- Changes in behavior or mood.
8. Balanced nutrition is the basis of health:
Do not forget that dietary supplements are an addition to a healthy diet, and not its replacement. A balanced diet, rich in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients, is the basis of health during pregnancy.
Recommendations for a balanced diet during pregnancy:
- Use a variety of products from all groups: vegetables, fruits, whole grain products, proteins (meat, fish, eggs, legumes), dairy products.
- Limit the consumption of processed products, sugar, salt and fats.
- Drink enough water (at least 8 glasses per day).
- Consult a doctor or nutritionist to develop an individual food plan.
9. Keeping a diary of admission of dietary supplements:
To track the effectiveness and identify possible side effects, it is recommended to keep a dietary supplement diary in which it should be indicated:
- The name of the BAD.
- Dosage.
- Reception time.
- Side effects (if any).
- General well -being.
10. Continuation of admission before childbirth:
Before childbirth, it is necessary to stop taking some dietary supplements that can affect blood coagulation or cause other complications. Consult a doctor to find out which dietary supplements should be stopped and when.
Conclusion:
The use of dietary supplements during pregnancy can be useful, but requires special caution and a conscious approach. Compliance with the above recommendations will help you make the right choice and avoid possible risks. Remember that your health and health of your child is the most important thing.