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Bad: who should avoid admission
I. General introduction to dietary supplements
Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) is a category of products designed to supplement the diet. They are produced in various forms, including tablets, capsules, powders, liquids and bars. Bades may contain vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, enzymes and other substances. The purpose of their intake is to improve health, improving immunity, prevention of diseases and maintaining general well -being. However, despite the wide availability and popularity of dietary supplements, their use is not always safe and appropriate. There are categories of people who should avoid taking dietary supplements or use them with particular caution and only after consulting a doctor.
II. Pregnant and lactating women: High risk for mother and child
Pregnancy and breastfeeding period are critical stages in a woman’s life when the body experiences an increased need for certain nutrients. However, the intake of dietary supplements during this period requires special attention and caution, since many of them can have a negative effect on the development of the fetus or the health of the newborn.
- Teratogenic effect: Some components of dietary supplements can have a teratogenic effect, that is, cause congenital defects in the fetus. For example, high doses of vitamin A (retinol) can lead to defects in the development of the nervous system, heart and limbs.
- Influence on lactation: Some herbs and plant extracts contained in dietary supplements can affect breast milk production. For example, sage can reduce lactation, which is undesirable for nursing mothers.
- Transfer through the placenta and breast milk: Substances contained in dietary supplements can penetrate through the placenta to the fetus or enter the breast milk and, therefore, affect the child’s body. This can lead to various adverse consequences, including allergic reactions, digestive disorders and even toxic effects on organs and systems.
- The risk of bleeding: Some dietary supplements, such as ginkgo biloba or garlic, have anticoagulant properties and can increase the risk of bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth.
- Interaction with drugs: Pregnant women often take vitamins and minerals prescribed by a doctor. Reception of dietary supplements without consulting a doctor can lead to undesirable interaction with these drugs and reduce their effectiveness or strengthen side effects.
Recommendations:
Pregnant and nursing women should avoid taking dietary supplements without prior consultation with a doctor. In most cases, a sufficiently balanced diet and taking vitamin-mineral complexes recommended by the doctor. It is especially important to avoid dietary supplements containing herbs, plant extracts and high doses of vitamins and minerals.
III. Children and adolescents: Features of the growing organism
The body of the child and the teenager is in the stage of active growth and development, so his needs for nutrients differ from the needs of adults. Reception of dietary supplements at this age requires special caution, since improper use can disrupt normal development and lead to serious health consequences.
- Insufficient knowledge: Many dietary supplements have not been sufficiently studied for their safety and effectiveness in children and adolescents. This means that their effect on the growing organism can be unpredictable.
- The risk of an overdose: Children and adolescents need less doses of nutrients than adults. Reception of dietary supplements intended for adults can lead to an overdose of vitamins and minerals, which can cause toxic effects.
- Influence on the hormonal background: Some dietary supplements, especially those that contain herbs and plant extracts, can affect the hormonal background of the child or teenager. This can lead to premature sexual maturation, menstrual cycle disorders in girls and other hormonal problems.
- Allergic reactions: Children and adolescents are more prone to allergic reactions than adults. Bades may contain ingredients that cause allergies, such as dyes, flavors and preservatives.
- Disease disguise: Reception of dietary supplements can mask the symptoms of diseases, making it difficult to diagnosis and timely treatment.
Recommendations:
Children and adolescents should avoid taking dietary supplements without a doctor’s appointment. In most cases, a sufficiently balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables and whole cereals. If a child or adolescent has a deficiency of any nutrients, the doctor can prescribe special vitamin-mineral complexes developed for children. Parents should carefully monitor the composition of dietary supplements and avoid products containing artificial additives, dyes and flavorings.
IV. Elderly people: drug interaction and weakened body functions
Older people often take several drugs at the same time, which increases the risk of drug interaction. Bades can interact with these drugs, enhancing or weakening their effect, as well as causing undesirable side effects. In addition, with age, the function of organs and systems weakens, which makes the elderly more susceptible to the toxic effects of dietary supplements.
- Drug interaction: Many dietary supplements can interact with drugs, changing their metabolism, absorption and excretion from the body. For example, St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants, contraceptives and other drugs. Ginkgo biloba and garlic can enhance the effect of anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding.
- Disruption of the function of the kidneys and liver: With age, the function of the kidneys and liver decreases, which makes it difficult to remove toxins from the body. Reception of dietary supplements can create an additional load on these organs, aggravating their condition.
- Reducing the absorption of nutrients: In older people, a decrease in the absorption of nutrients from food is often observed. The intake of dietary supplements does not always solve this problem, since some dietary supplements can worsen the absorption of certain nutrients.
- Increased risk of side effects: Older people are more susceptible to side effects of drugs and dietary supplements. This is due to age -related changes in the body, weakened by the immune system and the presence of chronic diseases.
Recommendations:
Older people should avoid taking dietary supplements without prior consultation with a doctor. The doctor can evaluate the patient’s health status, take into account the drugs taken and determine which dietary supplements are safe and appropriate in this case. It is important to carefully monitor the composition of the dietary supplement and avoid products containing high doses of vitamins and minerals, as well as herbs and plant extracts that can interact with drugs.
V. Persons with chronic diseases: Features of use in various pathologies
People with chronic diseases should show special caution when taking dietary supplements, since they can affect the course of the disease, interact with drugs and cause unwanted side effects.
- Liver diseases: People with liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, should avoid taking dietary supplements that can have a hepatotoxic effect, that is, damage the liver cells. Such dietary supplements include some herbs, such as tissue and chaparaal, as well as high doses of vitamin A.
- Kidney diseases: People with kidney diseases should avoid taking dietary supplements that can have a nephrotoxic effect, that is, damage the kidneys. Such dietary supplements include creatine, which is often used by athletes to increase muscle mass, as well as some herbs, such as juniper.
- Cardiovascular diseases: People with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease or arrhythmia should avoid taking dietary supplements that can increase blood pressure, increase heart rate or influence blood coagulation. Such dietary supplements include caffeine, ephedra and ginkgo biloba.
- Thyroid diseases: People with thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, should be avoided taking dietary supplements that can affect the thyroid gland function. Such dietary supplements include iodine -containing additives that can aggravate hyperthyroidism, as well as some herbs, such as white cinquefoil, which can reduce the function of the thyroid gland.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes should avoid taking dietary supplements that can affect blood sugar. Such dietary supplements include some herbs, such as ginseng and fencing, which can reduce blood sugar, as well as chromium, which can increase insulin sensitivity. When taking these dietary supplements, it is necessary to carefully monitor the level of sugar in the blood and adjust the dose of drugs, if necessary.
- Autoimmune diseases: People with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or multiple sclerosis should avoid taking dietary supplements that can stimulate the immune system and worsen the course of the disease. Such dietary supplements include echinacea and other immunostimulants.
Recommendations:
People with chronic diseases should necessarily consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements. The doctor can evaluate the patient’s health status, take into account the drugs taken and determine which dietary supplements are safe and appropriate in this case. It is important to carefully monitor your condition and inform the doctor about any side effects that occur when taking dietary supplements.
VI. Persons preparing for surgery: the risk of bleeding and interaction with anesthesia
Persons preparing for the operation should stop taking certain dietary supplements a few weeks before surgery in order to avoid the risk of bleeding and interaction with anesthesia.
- The risk of bleeding: Some dietary supplements, such as ginkgo bilobe, garlic, ginger and vitamin E, have anticoagulant properties and can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery.
- Interaction with anesthesia: Some dietary supplements can interact with anesthesia, enhancing or weakening its effect, as well as causing undesirable side effects. For example, Valerian and other sedative herbs can enhance the effect of anesthesia, and St. John’s wort can reduce its effectiveness.
- Influence on wound healing: Some dietary supplements can affect the healing of wounds after surgery. For example, vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis, which plays an important role in wound healing, but high doses of vitamin E can slow down healing.
Recommendations:
Persons preparing for the operation should inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements. The doctor can determine which dietary supplements should be stopped before surgery and when it is necessary to do it. It is usually recommended to stop taking dietary supplements with anticoagulant properties 1-2 weeks before surgery.
VII. Persons with allergies and individual intolerance: Caution with new products
People with allergies and individual intolerance should show special caution when taking dietary supplements, since they may contain ingredients that cause allergic reactions.
- Allergens: Bades can contain various allergens, such as lactose, gluten, soy, nuts, seafood, dyes, flavors and preservatives.
- Cross reactivity: People with allergies can have cross -reactivity with other products or herbs contained in dietary supplements.
- Individual intolerance: Some people can have individual intolerance to certain ingredients contained in dietary supplements, which can manifest itself in the form of digestive disorders, skin rashes or other symptoms.
Recommendations:
People with allergies and individual intolerance should carefully read the composition of dietary supplements and avoid products containing well -known allergens or ingredients that cause intolerance. At the first reception of the new Bad, you should start with a small dose and carefully monitor your condition. When any symptoms of allergies or intolerance appear, you should stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
VIII. Athletes: Doping risk and unforeseen consequences
Athletes should show special caution when taking dietary supplements, since they can contain prohibited substances and lead to positive results of doping control. In addition, some dietary supplements can have a negative impact on the health of athletes.
- The content of prohibited substances: Some dietary supplements may contain prohibited substances that are not indicated on the label. This can lead to an accidental violation of anti -doping rules and athlete disqualification.
- Inaccurate information on the label: Information on the Bad label does not always correspond to the real composition of the product. This can mislead athletes and lead to reception of ineffective or even harmful additives.
- Negative effect on health: Some dietary supplements can have a negative impact on the health of athletes, for example, cause heart rhythm disturbances, increased blood pressure or liver damage.
Recommendations:
Athletes should consult a doctor or sports nutritionist before taking any dietary supplements. It is important to choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers who undergo an independent examination for the maintenance of prohibited substances. Athletes should carefully read the composition of dietary supplements and avoid products containing unknown or dubious ingredients.
IX. Conclusion: a responsible approach to the use of dietary supplements
Reception of dietary supplements can be healthy, but only with a correct and responsible approach. Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you belong to one of the above categories of people. It is important to remember that dietary supplements are not medicines and cannot replace full nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.