Women’s health after 40

Women’s health after 40: comprehensive leadership

1. Hormonal changes and perimenopause

After 40 years, women come in a period of significant hormonal changes that foresee menopause. This time, known as perimenopause, is characterized by a gradual decrease in the production of estrogen ovaries. This process can begin a few years before the last menstruation and is accompanied by a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms.

• Reduction of estrogens: Estrogen plays a key role in maintaining the health of the reproductive system, bones, cardiovascular system and cognitive function. Its reduction leads to a number of changes requiring attention and correction.
• Irregular menstruation: One of the first signs of perimenopause is a change in the menstrual cycle. Monthry can become more short or long, abundant or meager, as well as unpredictable in the offensive time.
• Tucks: Tucks are a feeling of sudden heat spreading throughout the body, often accompanied by redness of the skin and sweating. They are one of the most common symptoms of perimenopause and can significantly reduce the quality of life.
• Night sweating: Night sweating are the ebbs that occur during sleep, leading to sleep and fatigue.
• Sleep disorders: A decrease in estrogen can lead to sleep problems, including insomnia, frequent awakening at night and a superficial sleep.
• Mood changes: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety and depression are frequent perimenopause satellites. Hormonal vibrations affect neurotransmitters in the brain responsible for the regulation of mood.
• Vaginal dryness: A decrease in estrogen levels leads to thinning and drying of the vaginal mucosa, which can cause discomfort during intercourse and increase the risk of infections.
• Libido decrease: A decrease in the production of estrogen and other hormones can lead to a decrease in sex drive.
• Problems with concentration and memory: Some women note a deterioration in memory and concentration of attention during the period of perimenopause.
• Changes in weight: Hormonal changes can affect metabolism and lead to weight gain, especially in the abdomen.

Symptoms of perimenopause:

• Hormonal therapy (GT): GT is an effective way to alleviate the symptoms of perimenopause, such as ejiumen, night sweating and vaginal dryness. A doctor’s consultation is necessary to evaluate the risks and advantages of the GT, as well as the selection of the optimal regime.
• Non -hormonal methods: There are non -hormonal methods for managing symptoms of perimenopause, such as phytoestrogens (soy, red clover), plant drugs, acupuncture, yoga and meditation.
• Changes in lifestyle: Healthy nutrition, regular physical exercises, rejection of smoking and moderate alcohol consumption can help alleviate the symptoms of perimenopause and improve the overall health of health.
• Regular examinations: It is important to regularly visit a doctor to control the health status and timely detection and treatment of possible complications.

2. Cardiovascular diseases

After 40 years, the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women increases. Estrogen has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, and its decrease during menopause increases vulnerability to these diseases.

• Risk factors:

  • High blood pressure (hypertension): Regular control of blood pressure and maintaining it within the norm is extremely important.
  • High cholesterol level: Monitoring the level of cholesterol and maintaining it within the norm using a diet, physical exercises and, if necessary, drug therapy.
  • Diabetes: Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is important to control the level of sugar in the blood and follow the doctor’s recommendations.
  • Smoking: Smoking is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Refusal of smoking significantly reduces this risk.
  • Obesity: Excess weight and obesity increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is important to maintain healthy weight with a diet and physical exercises.
  • Family history of cardiovascular diseases: If close relatives had cardiovascular diseases, the risk of their development increases.

• Prevention:

  • Healthy nutrition: Diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low -fat sources of protein, and limited in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol and sodium.
  • Regular physical exercises: At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of high intensity of aerobic activity per week.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight: It is important to maintain healthy weight with a diet and physical exercises.
  • Refusal of smoking: Refusal of smoking significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Control of blood pressure and cholesterol level: Regular monitoring and maintaining them within the norm.
  • Stress management: Stress can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. It is important to learn how to manage stress using relaxation techniques, yoga, meditation or other methods.
  • Regular examinations: Regular visits to the doctor to control the state of health and timely detection and treatment of possible problems.

3. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone density, which leads to increased risk of fractures. After 40 years, especially during menopause, the risk of osteoporosis in women increases due to a decrease in estrogen levels.

• Risk factors:

  • Menopause: A decrease in estrogen levels during menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis.
  • Family history of osteoporosis: If close relatives had osteoporosis, the risk of its development increases.
  • Low body weight: Women with a low body weight have a higher risk of osteoporosis.
  • Disadvantage of calcium and vitamin D: Calcium and vitamin D are necessary for bone health.
  • Smoking: Smoking negatively affects the density of bone tissue.
  • Excessive drinking: Excessive alcohol consumption can weaken the bones.
  • Some drugs: Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
  • Sedentary lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can weaken the bones.

• Prevention:

  • Sufficient calcium consumption: The recommended daily dose of calcium for women after 40 years is 1000-1200 mg. Sources of calcium: dairy products, green leafy vegetables, enriched products.
  • Sufficient consumption of vitamin D: The recommended daily dose of vitamin D for women after 40 years is 600-800 IU. Sources of vitamin D: oily fish, egg yolks, enriched products, sunlight.
  • Regular exercise with load: Exercises with load, such as walking, running, dancing and strength training, help strengthen the bones.
  • Refusal of smoking: Smoking negatively affects the density of bone tissue.
  • Moderate alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can weaken the bones.
  • Densitometry (DXA scan): Regular densitometry to assess the density of bone tissue and timely detection of osteoporosis.
  • Medication: If necessary, the doctor may prescribe drug treatment to strengthen bones.

4. Breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases in women. After 40 years, the risk of breast cancer increases.

• Risk factors:

  • Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age.
  • Family history of breast cancer: If close relatives had breast cancer, the risk of its development increases.
  • Genetic mutations: Some genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
  • Early beginning of menstruation (up to 12 years):
  • Late menopause (after 55 years):
  • Lack of pregnancies or late first pregnancy (after 30 years):
  • Hormonal therapy (GT): Long -term use of GT can increase the risk of breast cancer.
  • Obesity: Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer.
  • Excessive drinking: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of breast cancer.
  • Sedentary lifestyle: The lack of physical activity can increase the risk of breast cancer.

• Prevention and early diagnosis:

  • Regular self -diagnosis of mammary glands: The monthly self -examination of the mammary glands to identify possible changes.
  • Regular examinations at the doctor: Annual examinations of a gynecologist or mammologist.
  • Mammography: Regular mammography (X -ray examination of the mammary glands) to detect cancer in the early stages. Recommendations on the frequency of mammography should be discussed with a doctor.
  • Healthy lifestyle: Healthy nutrition, regular physical exercises, maintaining a healthy weight, rejection of smoking and moderate use of alcohol.

5. Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops in the cervix. The main cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV).

• Risk factors:

  • HPV infection: Most cases of cervical cancer are associated with infection with HPV.
  • Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer.
  • Weakened immunity: Weakened immunity can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer.
  • Numerous sexual partners: Numerous sexual partners increase the risk of HPV infection.
  • Early beginning of sexual activity: The early start of sexual activity increases the risk of infection with HPV.

• Prevention and early diagnosis:

  • Vaccination against HPV: Vaccination against HPV is an effective way of preventing cervical cancer.
  • Regular pap tests (papanicolau smear): The papa test is a screening test that allows you to identify precancerous and cancer cells in the cervix.
  • HPV testing: HPV testing is a test that allows you to determine the presence of HPV in the cervix.
  • Healthy lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle, including rejection of smoking and strengthening immunity.

6. Other aspects of women’s health after 40

• Urine bubble health: After 40 years, many women face problems with the bladder, such as urinary incontinence and frequent urination. Kegel exercises can help strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor and improve control over the bladder.
• Noter health: With age, the digestive system can work less effectively. It is important to use a sufficient amount of fiber, drink a lot of water and engage in physical exercises to maintain the health of the digestive system.
• Skin health: With age, the skin loses elasticity and becomes more dry. It is important to use moisturizers, protect the skin from the sun and adhere to a healthy lifestyle.
• Mental health: After 40 years, it is important to take care of your mental health. Regular physical exercises, communication with friends and family, hobbies and hobbies can help maintain good mental health. If necessary, you should seek help from a specialist.
• Eye health: After 40 years, the risk of developing eye diseases, such as glaucoma, cataracts and age -related macular degeneration, increases. It is important to regularly visit an ophthalmologist for preventive examinations.
• Health of teeth: Regular toothbrushing, using the dental thread and visiting the dentist twice a year are important to maintain health and gum health.

7. Nutrition and physical activity

• Nutrition: Healthy nutrition plays a key role in maintaining a woman’s health after 40 years.

  • Foods rich in nutrients: The use of various products rich in nutrients, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat sources of protein and healthy fats.
  • Restriction of consumption of processed products, sugar and saturated fats: Limiting the consumption of processed products, added sugar and saturated fats, which can negatively affect health.
  • Sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D: Sufficient consumption of calcium and vitamin D for bone health.
  • Sufficient fiber consumption: Sufficient fiber consumption to maintain the health of the digestive system.
  • Sufficient water consumption: Sufficient water consumption to maintain hydration of the body.

• Physical activity: Regular physical activity is important for maintaining a woman’s health after 40 years.

  • Aerobic exercises: Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, swimming and cycling, improve the health of the cardiovascular system, help control weight and improve mood.
  • Power training: Power training helps strengthen muscles and bones.
  • Flexibility exercises: Flexibility exercises, such as yoga and pilates, improve the flexibility and mobility of the joints.
  • Physical activity recommendations: At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of high intensity of aerobic activity per week, as well as strength training at least twice a week.

8. Regular medical examinations

Regular medical examinations are crucial for maintaining women’s health after 40 years. They allow you to detect diseases in the early stages, when treatment is most effective.

• Gynecological examination: An annual gynecological examination, including the examination of the vagina and cervix, papa test and, if necessary, HPV testing.
• Mammography: Regular mammography to detect breast cancer.
• Densitometry (DXA scan): Regular densitometry to assess the density of bone tissue and timely detection of osteoporosis.
• Measurement of blood pressure: Regular measurement of blood pressure for the detection and control of hypertension.
• Blood test for cholesterol: Regular blood test for cholesterol to detect and control high level of cholesterol.
• Blood test for sugar: Regular blood test for sugar to detect and control diabetes.
• Inspection at the therapist: An annual inspection of the therapist to assess the general state of health and identify possible problems.
• Inspection at an ophthalmologist: Regular examination by an ophthalmologist for the prevention and early diagnosis of eye diseases.
• Inspection at the dentist: Regular examination by a dentist to maintain health and gum health.

9. Vaccination

Vaccination is important for protection against infectious diseases. After 40 years, it is recommended to continue vaccination in accordance with the national vaccination calendar and the doctor’s recommendations.

• Influenzation against influenza: Annual vaccination against influenza.
• Vaccination against pneumococcal infection: Vaccination against pneumococcal infection (once or repeatedly on the recommendation of a doctor).
• Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria: Revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria every 10 years.
• Vaccination against encircling lichen: Vaccination against girdle lichen (once after 50 years).
• Other vaccines: Depending on the individual risk factors and the recommendations of the doctor, other vaccines, such as a hepatitis A and B vaccine, a vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps, a vaccine against chisly smallpox and others, can be recommended.

10. Alternative and complementary treatment methods

Some women use alternative and complementary treatment methods to improve their health and well -being. It is important to discuss these methods with a doctor in order to verify their safety and effectiveness.

• Phytotherapy: The use of plant drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
• Acupuncture: Stimulation of certain points on the body using thin needles to relieve pain and treatment of various diseases.
• Massage: Massage can help relax, relieve tension and improve blood circulation.
• Yoga: Yoga is a complex of physical exercises, breathing techniques and meditation, which can help improve flexibility, strength, balance and mental health.
• Meditation: Meditation is a practice that helps to calm the mind and focus on the present moment.
• Other methods: There are other alternative and complementary treatment methods such as aromatherapy, homeopathy and chiropractic.

It is important to remember that the health of every woman is unique. Consultation with a doctor is necessary to develop an individual plan for maintaining health after 40 years.