The effect of dietary supplements on hormonal background

The effect of dietary supplements on hormonal background: detailed research

I. Fundamentals of the hormonal system and its regulation

1. Review of the hormonal system: The hormonal system, or endocrine system, is a complex network of glands and organs that produce and secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that move in blood flow to target cells, affecting various physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, reproductive function and mood. The main glands of the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in women) and testicles (in men).

2. Hormone action mechanisms: Hormones have their effect, associated with specific receptors on the surface or inside target cells. Peptide hormones (for example, insulin) and catecholamines (for example, adrenaline) are usually binded on the surface of the cells, launching intracellular signaling paths, which lead to a change in cellular activity. Steroid hormones (for example, estrogen, testosterone) and thyroid hormones (for example, thyroxine) penetrate the cell membrane and are associated with receptors inside the cell, often in the nucleus, affecting the expression of genes and, therefore, on the synthesis of protein.

3. Hormonal system regulation: The hormonal system is regulated by a complex feedback system that supports hormonal balance. The most common mechanism is negative feedback, in which an increase in hormone levels inhibits its further production. For example, increasing the level of thyroxine (T4) inhibits the release of thyroidropic hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, which stimulates the production of T4 thyroid gland. There is also a positive feedback in which an increase in the hormone level stimulates its further production. An example is the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) with a pituitary gland, stimulated by the estrogen before ovulation. In addition, the nervous system and the immune system also affect the hormonal system.

4. Factors affecting the hormonal background: Many factors can affect hormonal background, including age, gender, genetic factors, nutrition, level of physical activity, stress, the effects of environmental toxins and medication. Age -related changes, such as menopause in women and andropauz in men, lead to significant changes in the levels of sex hormones. Nutrition plays an important role, since some nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of hormones, and a deficiency of certain nutrients can disrupt the hormonal balance. Chronic stress can lead to an increase in the level of cortisol, which can affect other hormones. Environmental toxins, such as endocrine destroyers, can simulate or block the effect of hormones.

II. What are dietary supplements and their classification

1. Daistry definition: Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances intended for direct intake or introduction into food products in order to enrich the ration with individual food or biologically active substances and their complexes, as well as to maintain normal or restoration of impaired health. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not intended for the treatment of diseases.

2. Classification of dietary supplements: Bad can be classified according to various criteria, including the composition, form of release and purpose. The composition is distinguished by vitamin-mineral complexes, plant extracts, probiotics, prebiotics, amino acids, fatty acids and others. In the form of release, dietary supplements are available in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, liquids and other forms. As intended, dietary supplements can be intended to maintain immunity, improve digestion, increase energy, improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails, maintain health of the cardiovascular system and other goals.

3. Bad regulation: The regulation of dietary supplements differs significantly in different countries. In some countries, such as the United States, dietary supplements are regulated as food, and not as drugs, which means that manufacturers are not required to prove their effectiveness or safety before entering the market. In other countries, such as the European Union, dietary supplements are regulated more strictly and must comply with certain security and quality standards. In Russia, dietary supplements are regulated as a separate category of food products and are subject to state registration.

4. The risks and advantages of dietary supplements: The advantages of dietary supplements may include replenishment of nutrient deficiency, maintaining health and improving well -being. However, the risks of dietary supplements include the possibility of side effects, interactions with drugs, improper dosage and the presence of low -quality ingredients. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers and consult a doctor before their use, especially if you have any diseases or take medications.

III. Dietary supplements that potentially affect hormonal background: detailed review

1. Plant dietary supplements:

   • Soybeans and isoflavoni: Soya contains isoflavons, which are phytoestrogens, that is, plant compounds that simulate the effects of estrogen. Isoflavons can be associated with estrogen receptors and exert both estrogenic and anti -estrogenic effects, depending on the concentration of estrogens in the body. In women in menopause, isoflavons can help alleviate the symptoms, such as tides, due to partial replenishment of estrogen deficiency. However, in women with estrogen-dependent tumors (for example, breast cancer), isoflavons can be contraindicated. In men, isoflavons can reduce testosterone levels and increase estrogen levels, which can lead to a decrease in libido and other side effects.
   • BLOPOGOGON BOLACE (Black COHOSH): The boiler is traditionally used to alleviate the symptoms of menopause, such as tides, night sweating and sleep disturbance. The mechanism of its action has not been fully studied, but it is assumed that it can affect serotonin receptors in the brain, and not on estrogen receptors. Some studies have shown that a cystic clopon can be effective for alleviating the symptoms of menopause, but other studies have not confirmed these results. Before using a cystic bonfield, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have liver diseases.
   • Dudnik Chinese (Dong quai): Chinese Dudnik is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat gynecological diseases such as irregular menstruation and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It is believed that it has estrogenic properties and can help regulate the menstrual cycle. However, scientific data on the effectiveness of the Chinese Dudnik are limited. The Chinese dudnik can interact with anticoagulants (drugs that liquefy blood) and increase the risk of bleeding.
   • Tribulus Terrestris Tribulus: Toltris tribulus is used to increase libido, improve sports results and treat erectile dysfunction. It is believed that it can increase the level of testosterone, but scientific data about this are contradictory. Some studies have shown that Tertrix tribulus can slightly increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone levels, but other studies have not found any effect. Before using the tribulus of the terrestris, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have diseases of the prostate gland.
   • Fenugreek (Fenugreek): Sennaya fenight is used to increase lactation in nursing mothers, improve blood sugar control and increase libido. It is believed that it can increase the level of prolactin, a hormone responsible for the production of milk. Some studies have shown that the carnity of the hay can effectively increase lactation, but other studies have not confirmed these results. Sennaya fan can interact with anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.
   • Holy Vitex (Chasteberry): The sacred vitex is used to treat PMS, irregular menstruation and infertility. It is believed that he can affect the level of prolactin and progesterone, hormones playing an important role in the menstrual cycle. Some studies have shown that the sacred vitex can be effective for alleviating the symptoms of the PMS, but other studies have not confirmed these results. The sacred vitex can interact with some drugs, including antipsychotic and hormonal contraceptives.
   • Maka Peruvian (Maca): Peruvian poppy is used to increase energy, improve libido and treat infertility. It is believed that it can affect the hormonal balance, but the mechanism of its action has not been fully studied. Some studies have shown that Peruvian poppy can improve libido and fertility, but other studies have not confirmed these results. Peruvian poppy can influence the function of the thyroid gland, so before use it is necessary to consult a doctor, especially if you have thyroid diseases.

2. Vitamins and minerals:

   • Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of many physiological processes, including calcium metabolism, immune function and hormonal regulation. It is necessary for the normal functioning of the parathyroid glands, which regulate the level of calcium in the blood. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to hyperparathysis (increased activity of the parathyroid glands) and a violation of calcium metabolism. In addition, vitamin D may affect the production of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone.
   • Zinc: Zinc plays an important role in the development and regulation of testosterone. Zinc deficiency can lead to a decrease in testosterone levels in men. Zinc is also necessary for the normal operation of the immune system and wound healing.
   • Selenium: Selenium is necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. It is part of the enzymes that convert thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of the thyroid hormone. Selena deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism (reduced thyroid function).
   • Magnesium: Magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of blood sugar and insulin sensitivity. Magnesium deficiency can lead to insulin resistance, a state in which the body cells become less sensitive to insulin, which can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.

3. Amino acids:

   • D-paraginic acid: D-asparaginic acid is involved in the production of testosterone. Some studies have shown that taking D-asparaginic acid can increase the level of testosterone in men with low testosterone levels. However, other studies have not confirmed these results.
   • L-arginine: L-Arginine is the predecessor of nitrogen oxide (No), which plays an important role in expanding blood vessels and improving blood flow. L-Arginine can improve erectile function by improving the blood supply to the penis.

4. Fatty acids:

   • Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapstranthenoic acid (EPK) and daily acidic acid (DGC), have an anti-inflammatory effect and can affect hormonal balance. Some studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood triglycerides.

5. Other dietary supplements:

   • Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, which regulates the sleeping cycle. The intake of melatonin can help with insomnia and sleep disturbances, especially when changing time zones (Jetlag). Melatonin can also affect the production of other hormones, such as cortisol and prolactin.
   • DHEA (dehidroepandrosterone): DHEA is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which is the predecessor of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Reception of DHEA can increase the level of testosterone in men and the level of estrogen in women, especially in older people. DHEA can cause side effects, such as acne, hair growth on the face and changing voice. Before using DHEA, you need to consult a doctor.
   • Pregenolon: Permenhenolon is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and the brain, which is the predecessor of many other hormones, including Dhea, progesterone and cortisol. Reception of transnolone can increase the level of these hormones. Permenhenolon can cause side effects, such as anxiety, irritability and insomnia. Before using the transnolone, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

IV. Mechanisms for the influence of dietary supplement on hormonal background

1. Influence on the production of hormones: Some dietary supplements can affect hormones, stimulating or suppressing the activity of the endocrine glands. For example, some plant extracts, such as tribulus terrestrix, can stimulate the production of testosterone, while others, such as soy, can have an estrogenic effect and influence the production of sex hormones. Vitamin D is necessary for the normal functioning of the parathyroid glands and the regulation of the level of calcium in the blood.

2. Influence on hormones metabolism: Some dietary supplements can affect hormones metabolism, changing the speed of their decay or turning into other hormones. For example, selenium is necessary for the transformation of thyroxine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of the hormone of the thyroid gland. Some plant compounds can affect the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones.

3. Influence on hormone receptors: Some dietary supplements can affect hormones receptors, in contact with them and simulating or blocking the effect of hormones. Phytoestrogens, such as soy isoflavons, can be associated with estrogen receptors and exert both estrogenic and anti -estrogenic effects. Some connections can block cortisol receptors and reduce its action.

4. Influence on the transport of hormones: Some dietary supplements can affect the transport of hormones in the blood, changing the concentration of transport proteins that connect hormones and transfer them to target cells. A change in the concentration of transport proteins can affect the amount of free, biologically active hormone, accessible to binding with receptors.

V. Factors that determine the influence of dietary supplements on hormonal background

1. Dosage: The dosage of dietary supplements is an important factor that determines its effect on the hormonal background. Low doses may not have any effect, while high doses can lead to undesirable side effects. It is important to observe the recommended dosage indicated on the Bad packaging and consult a doctor if you are not sure of the dosage.

2. Duration of admission: The duration of dietary supplement can also affect its effect. Some dietary supplements have a quick effect, while others require a long -term trick to achieve the desired result. Long -term intake of some dietary supplements can lead to undesirable side effects and impaired hormonal balance.

3. Individual characteristics of the body: Individual characteristics of the body, such as age, gender, genetic factors, health status and medications, can affect the reaction to dietary supplements. Some people can be more sensitive to certain dietary supplements than others. It is important to consider these factors when choosing and using dietary supplements.

4. Interaction with other substances: Bades can interact with other substances, such as medicines, food products and other dietary supplements. These interactions can change the effectiveness of dietary supplements or drugs, as well as lead to undesirable side effects. It is important to inform your doctor about all the dietary supplements that you accept in order to avoid potential interactions.

VI. Clinical studies of the influence of dietary supplement on hormonal background: overview of the evidence base

1. Problems of conducting dietary supplements: Conducting clinical research of dietary supplements is associated with a number of problems. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not subject to strict regulation, which complicates the quality control and composition of dietary supplements used in research. In addition, it is often difficult to establish an accurate dosage of active substances in dietary supplements. Also, financing of dietary supplements is often limited, which makes it difficult to conduct large, well -controlled research.

2. Review of studies of individual dietary supplements: There are numerous clinical studies that study the influence of various dietary supplements on hormonal background. However, the quality and results of these studies vary. Some studies show a positive effect from the use of dietary supplements, while others do not detect any effect or reveal undesirable side effects. It is important to critically evaluate the results of research and take into account their restrictions. Examples include:

   • Soy and menopause isoflavons: Many studies studied the effect of soy isoflavon on the symptoms of menopause, such as tides. Some studies have shown that soybean isoflavones can relieve symptoms of menopause, but other studies have not confirmed these results. The meta-analyzes, combining the results of several studies, showed that soy isoflavons can slightly reduce the frequency and intensity of the tides.
   • TRIBULUS TERRISTRIS AND TESTOSTONEON: Some studies studied the influence of T T Tarrough tribulus on testosterone levels in men. Some studies have shown that Tertrix tribulus can slightly increase testosterone levels in men with low testosterone levels, but other studies have not found any effect.
   • Sacred Vitex and PMS: Some studies studied the effect of Vitex sacred on the symptoms of the PMS. Some studies have shown that the sacred vitex can be effective for alleviating the symptoms of the PMS, such as irritability, mood swings and bloating.

3. Meta-analyzes and systematic reviews: Meta-analyzes and systematic reviews that combine the results of several studies provide more reliable information about the effect of dietary supplements on hormonal background. However, even meta analyzes and systematic reviews can be limited by the quality and number of available studies.

VII. Potential risks and side effects of dietary supplement

1. Side effects: Bades can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, skin rashes and others. Some dietary supplements can cause more serious side effects, especially with high doses or prolonged use.

2. Interactions with drugs: Bades can interact with medicines by changing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It is important to inform your doctor about all the dietary supplements that you accept in order to avoid potential interactions.

3. Poor ingredients: Some dietary supplements may contain poor -quality ingredients, pollutants or impurities that can be harmful to health. It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers and check their quality.

4. Hormonal imbalance: The uncontrolled use of dietary supplements affecting the hormonal background can lead to hormonal imbalance and undesirable consequences for health. It is important to consult a doctor before using dietary supplements, especially if you have any diseases or you take medications.

VIII. Who should avoid taking dietary supplements affecting hormonal background

1. Pregnant and lactating women: Pregnant and nursing women should avoid taking dietary supplements affecting the hormonal background, since they can have a negative effect on the development of the fetus or child.

2. People with hormonal diseases: People with hormonal diseases such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCA) and others should avoid taking dietary supplements affecting hormonal background without consulting a doctor.

3. People taking medications: People taking medications, especially hormonal drugs, anticoagulants, antidepressants and others should avoid taking dietary supplements affecting hormonal background without consulting a doctor, as they can interact with drugs.

4. Children and adolescents: Children and adolescents should avoid taking dietary supplements affecting the hormonal background, since their hormonal system is not yet formed and more sensitive to the effects of external factors.

IX. Alternative approaches to maintaining hormonal balance

1. Healthy lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, sufficient sleep and stress, is an important factor in maintaining the hormonal balance.

2. Balanced nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat protein and healthy fats, provides the body with the necessary nutrients for the normal functioning of the hormonal system.

3. Regular physical activity: Regular physical activity helps to maintain healthy weight, improves insulin sensitivity and promotes the production of hormones that improve mood and overall well -being.

4. Sufficient sleep: A sufficient sleep is necessary for the normal operation of the hormonal system. The lack of sleep can lead to a violation of the production of hormones, such as cortisol, ghrelin and leptin, which can lead to weight gain, reduction of immunity and other health problems.

5. Stress management: Chronic stress can lead to an increase in the level of cortisol, which can affect other hormones and lead to hormonal imbalance. Stress management methods such as yoga, meditation and breathing exercises can help reduce cortisol level and improve hormonal balance.

6. Consultation with a doctor: If you have any problems with a hormonal balance, it is important to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The doctor may prescribe the necessary tests and studies to identify the cause of hormonal imbalance and choose an individual treatment plan.

X. Conclusion (not included in accordance with the request)

XI. Recommendations (not included in accordance with the request)