Prevention of diseases: Important doctors’ tips

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Prevention of diseases: Important doctors’ tips

I. Fundamentals of prevention: the foundation of a healthy life

  1. What is disease prevention?

    • Determination and purpose of prevention: prevention of the occurrence, development and spread of diseases, as well as a decrease in their negative consequences.
    • The differences between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention:
      • Primary: Prevention of the occurrence of the disease (vaccination, healthy lifestyle).
      • Secondary: Early detection and treatment of the disease (screening, regular examinations).
      • Treetic: a decrease in the negative consequences of the disease and improvement of the quality of life (rehabilitation that supports therapy).
    • The role of prevention in public healthcare: reducing incidence and mortality, increasing life expectancy, improving the quality of life of the population, reducing the economic costs of healthcare.

  2. Risk factors of disease:

    • Determination of risk factors: any aspects of lifestyle, genetics or environment that increase the likelihood of the development of the disease.
    • Classification of risk factors:
      • Modified: factors that can be changed (smoking, diet, physical activity).
      • Unmodified: factors that cannot be changed (genetics, age, gender).
    • The main risk factors for the most common diseases:
      • Cardiovascular diseases: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy nutrition.
      • Oncological diseases: smoking, alcohol, malnutrition, insufficient physical activity, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, viral infections (for example, HPV), genetic predisposition.
      • Diabetes: overweight, insufficient physical activity, genetic predisposition, age, high blood pressure, high cholesterol.
      • Respiratory diseases: smoking, air pollution, allergens, infections.
      • Infectious diseases: contact with patients, non -compliance with hygiene, vaccination.

  3. The principles of a healthy lifestyle:

    • Balanced nutrition:
      • Recommendations for the consumption of macro- and micronutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals.
      • The value of the fiber for health: improving digestion, reducing cholesterol, control of blood sugar.
      • The role of antioxidants in the prevention of diseases: cell protection from damage, a decrease in the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
      • Limiting the consumption of harmful products: fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, processed foods, foods with a high content of saturated fats and trans fats.
    • Regular physical activity:
      • Recommendations on the types and intensity of physical activity: aerobic exercises (walking, running, swimming), strength exercises, flexibility exercises.
      • The benefits of physical activity for health: strengthening the cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of diabetes, improving mood, weight control, strengthening of bones and muscles.
      • The importance of warm -up and hitch: prevention of injuries, preparing the body for physical activity, restoration after physical activity.
    • Refusal of bad habits:
      • The effect of smoking on health: an increase in the risk of developing lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases.
      • The effect of alcohol on health: liver damage, an increase in the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, nervous disorders.
      • The effect of drugs on health: serious disorders of the work of all organs and systems of the body, mental disorders, social degradation.
    • Mental health and stress management:
      • The importance of mental health for general well -being: the effect of mental health on physical health, social life, performance.
      • Stress control methods: meditation, yoga, breathing exercises, communication with loved ones, hobbies, sufficient sleep.
      • Signs of mental disorders: depression, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, change in appetite, loss of interest in life.
      • When you should seek help from a specialist: if the symptoms of mental disorders interfere with normal life.
    • Sufficient sleep:
      • Recommendations for sleep duration: 7-8 hours for adults.
      • The influence of lack of sleep on health: reducing immunity, deterioration of cognitive functions, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases.
      • Tips for improving sleep quality: compliance with sleep mode, creating comfortable conditions for sleep, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime, physical activity during the day.

II. Prevention of infectious diseases

  1. Vaccination:
    • The principle of operation of vaccines: stimulation of the immune system for the production of antibodies against a particular pathogen.
    • National vaccination calendar: a list of mandatory vaccinations for children and adults.
    • The importance of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases: reducing incidence and mortality from infectious diseases, creating collective immunity.
    • Myths about vaccination and scientific facts: disposal of common misconceptions about vaccination, confirmation of the safety and effectiveness of vaccines by scientific research.
    • Recommendations for vaccination for travelers: the need to vaccinate before a trip to countries with a high risk of infection with certain infections.
    • Influenzation vaccination: annual vaccination to protect against seasonal flu.
  2. Hygiene:
    • Personal hygiene rules: washing hands, brushing teeth, skin care, hair and nails.
    • The value of washing the hands to prevent the spread of infections: the destruction of microbes that can cause diseases.
    • Nutrition hygiene rules: proper storage and cooking, washing fruits and vegetables.
    • Housing hygiene: regular cleaning, ventilation, disinfection.
    • Hygiene in contact with animals: washing the hands after contact with animals, vaccination of pets.
  3. Prevention of the spread of infections:
    • Using personal protective equipment: masks, gloves.
    • Compliance with the social distance: restriction of contacts with people, especially during epidemics.
    • Isolation of patients: preventing the spread of infection from sick people.
    • Surface disinfection: destruction of microbes on surfaces that people often contact.
    • Ventilation of the premises: ensuring air circulation, removal of microbes from the air.
    • Avoiding touch to the face: preventing microbes entering the body through the eyes, nose and mouth.
  4. Safe sex:
    • Using condoms: protection against sexually transmitted infections (IPP).
    • Regular examination for IPPs: timely detection and treatment of STI.
    • Vaccination against HPV: protection against cervical cancer and other diseases caused by HPV.
    • Limiting the number of sexual partners: reducing the risk of infection of STI.
    • Discussion of sexual health issues with a partner: ensuring mutual consent and safety.
  5. Prevention of infections transmitted through the blood:
    • Using sterile instruments in medical procedures: prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
    • Avoiding joint use of syringes and needles: reducing the risk of HIV infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
    • Blood testing of donated blood: ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.

III. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases

  1. Control of blood pressure:
    • Regular measurement of blood pressure: identification of increased blood pressure at an early stage.
    • Maintaining healthy weight: decreased blood pressure.
    • Salt consumption restriction: decrease in blood pressure.
    • Regular physical activity: decreased blood pressure.
    • Refusal of smoking: reducing blood pressure.
    • Moderate alcohol consumption: decreased blood pressure (in small quantities).
    • Drug therapy: if necessary, the appointment of drugs to reduce blood pressure.
  2. Cholesterol level control:
    • Regular measurement of cholesterol level: identification of an increased level of cholesterol at an early stage.
    • Reducing the consumption of saturated fats and trans fats: decrease in cholesterol.
    • Increase in fiber consumption: a decrease in cholesterol.
    • Regular physical activity: reduction of cholesterol.
    • Maintaining healthy weight: reduction of cholesterol.
    • Drug therapy: if necessary, the prescription of drugs to reduce cholesterol (statins).
  3. Maintaining a healthy weight:
    • Balanced diet: consumption of the required number of calories and nutrients.
    • Regular physical activity: combustion of calories and maintenance of muscle mass.
    • Limiting sugar consumption and processed products: reduction of calorie intake.
    • Sufficient sleep: regulation of hormones responsible for appetite.
    • Stress management: preventing overeating.
  4. Blood sugar control:
    • Regular measurement of blood sugar levels: identification of diabetes at an early stage.
    • Balanced diet: control of blood sugar.
    • Regular physical activity: increased sensitivity to insulin.
    • Maintaining healthy weight: reducing the risk of diabetes.
    • Drug therapy: if necessary, the appointment of drugs for monitoring blood sugar.
  5. Refusal of smoking:
    • The effect of smoking on the cardiovascular system: damage to blood vessels, increased blood pressure, increase in cholesterol, increase in the risk of blood clots.
    • Methods of refusal of smoking: nicotin replacement therapy, consultations with a doctor, support for loved ones.
  6. Regular physical activity:
    • Types of physical activity useful for the cardiovascular system: aerobic exercises (walking, running, swimming), strength exercises.
    • Recommendations for the duration and intensity of physical activity: at least 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes of intensive physical activity per week.
  7. Stress management:
    • The effect of stress on the cardiovascular system: increasing blood pressure, increasing cholesterol, increasing the risk of blood clots.
    • Stress control methods: meditation, yoga, breathing exercises, communication with loved ones, hobbies, sufficient sleep.

IV. Prevention of cancer

  1. Refusal of smoking:
    • The effect of smoking on the development of cancer: an increase in the risk of lung cancer, throat cancer, esophagus cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer and other types of cancer.
    • Methods of refusal of smoking: nicotin replacement therapy, consultations with a doctor, support for loved ones.
  2. Healthy nutrition:
    • Increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: cancer protection thanks to antioxidants and other useful substances.
    • Limiting the consumption of red and processed meat: reducing the risk of intestinal cancer.
    • Limiting sugar consumption and processed products: reducing the risk of cancer.
    • Maintaining healthy weight: reducing the risk of cancer.
  3. Regular physical activity:
    • The influence of physical activity on cancer prevention: reducing the risk of intestinal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer and other types of cancer.
    • Recommendations for the duration and intensity of physical activity: at least 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes of intensive physical activity per week.
  4. Ultraviolet radiation protection:
    • Using sunscreen: protection against skin cancer.
    • Wearing protective clothing: protection against skin cancer.
    • Avoiding stay in the sun in peak hours: protection against skin cancer.
    • Refusal of solariums: reducing the risk of skin cancer.
  5. Vaccination:
    • Vaccination against HPV: protection against cervical cancer and other diseases caused by HPV.
    • Vaccination against hepatitis B: Protection against liver cancer.
  6. Regular medical examinations and screening:
    • Mammography: breast cancer screening.
    • Colonoscopy: intestinal screening.
    • Pap test: screening of cervical cancer.
    • Psa test: screening of prostate cancer.
    • Self -examination of the mammary glands: early detection of breast cancer.
    • Skin examination: early detection of skin cancer.
  7. Avoiding exposure to carcinogens:
    • Asbest: Avoiding the effects of asbestos, which can cause lung cancer.
    • Radon: Measurement of the level of radon in the house and taking measures to reduce it.
    • Benzole: Avoiding the exposure of benzene, which can cause leukemia.
    • Formaldehyde: Avoiding the effects of formaldehyde, which can cause cancer of the nasopharynx.
  8. Alcohol consumption restriction:
    • The effect of alcohol on the development of cancer: an increase in the risk of developing oral cancer, throat cancer, esophagus cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and intestinal cancer.

V. Prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system

  1. Maintaining a healthy weight:
    • The effect of excess weight on the joints: increasing the load on the joints, which can lead to the development of osteoarthritis.
    • Balanced nutrition and regular physical activity: maintaining a healthy weight.
  2. Regular physical activity:
    • Types of physical activity useful for the musculoskeletal system: muscle strengthening exercises, flexibility exercises, aerobic exercises.
    • Muscle strengthening: joint support and reduction in the risk of injuries.
    • Improving flexibility: increasing joint mobility and reduction in the risk of injuries.
    • Aerobic exercises: improving blood circulation and eating joints.
  3. Correct posture:
    • Correct posture during the seat: back support, the correct position of the legs and hands.
    • Proper posture when walking: straight back, straightened shoulders.
    • Using ergonomic furniture: ensuring proper posture during operation.
  4. Prevention of injuries:
    • Using protective equipment: joint protection in sports.
    • Correct technique for performing exercises: Prevention of injuries during sports.
    • Caution when performing physical work: preventing injuries at work.
  5. Consumption of a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D:
    • Calcium: strengthening bones and preventing osteoporosis.
    • Vitamin D: Improving the absorption of calcium.
    • Sources of calcium: dairy products, green leafy vegetables, fish.
    • Sources of vitamin D: sunlight, oily fish, egg yolk.
    • If necessary, taking calcium and vitamin D.
  6. Regular medical examinations:
    • Identification of diseases of the musculoskeletal system at an early stage: osteoporosis, arthritis.
    • Consultations with a doctor on the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

VI. Prevention of respiratory system diseases

  1. Refusal of smoking:
    • The effect of smoking on the lungs: lung damage, an increase in the risk of the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer.
    • Methods of refusal of smoking: nicotin replacement therapy, consultations with a doctor, support for loved ones.
  2. Avoiding the effects of contaminated air:
    • Air pollution on the street: Avoiding places with a high level of air pollution.
    • Air pollution in the room: ventilation of premises, the use of air purifiers.
    • Avoiding contact with allergens: dust, pollen, animal hair.
  3. Vaccination:
    • Influenza vaccination: protection against seasonal flu.
    • Vaccination against pneumococcal infection: protection against pneumonia.
  4. Regular physical activity:
    • Strengthening the respiratory muscles: improving the functioning of the lungs.
    • Improving blood circulation: Improving the power of the lungs.
    • Types of physical activity useful for the respiratory system: aerobic exercises (walking, running, swimming).
  5. Correct breathing:
    • Diaphragmatic breathing: strengthening the respiratory muscles and improving the ventilation of the lungs.
    • Respiratory exercises: improving the work of lungs and reducing shortness of breath.
  6. Maintaining a healthy weight:
    • The effect of excess weight on the respiratory system: an increase in the load on the lungs, which can lead to the development of shortness of breath and apnea in a dream.
    • Balanced nutrition and regular physical activity: maintaining a healthy weight.
  7. Regular medical examinations:
    • Identification of diseases of the respiratory system at an early stage: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
    • Consultations with a doctor on the prevention of respiratory system diseases.

VII. Prevention of digestive system diseases

  1. Healthy nutrition:
    • Increase in fiber consumption: improving digestion, preventing constipation, reducing the risk of intestinal cancer.
    • Limiting the consumption of fatty, fried and processed food: a decrease in the risk of developing diseases of the digestive system.
    • Regular probiotic consumption: maintaining a healthy intestinal microflora.
    • Sufficient water consumption: improving digestion and preventing constipation.
  2. Regular physical activity:
    • Improving digestion: stimulation of intestinal function.
    • Reducing the risk of developing digestive diseases.
  3. Alcohol consumption restriction:
    • The effect of alcohol on the digestive system: liver damage, an increase in the risk of developing esophagus cancer, stomach cancer and intestinal cancer.
  4. Refusal of smoking:
    • The effect of smoking on the digestive system: an increase in the risk of developing esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and intestinal cancer.
  5. Proper nutrition:
    • Regular meal: maintaining a stable blood sugar and preventing overeating.
    • Thorough chewing food: Improving digestion.
    • Avoiding overeating: prevention of discomfort and digestive system diseases.
  6. Regular medical examinations:
    • Identification of diseases of the digestive system at an early stage: gastritis, stomach ulcer, colitis, intestinal cancer.
    • Consultations with a doctor on the prevention of diseases of the digestive system.
  7. Prevention of food poisoning:
    • Proper storage and cooking: prevention of bacterial reproduction.
    • Washing hands before meals: preventing bacteria entering the body.
    • Avoiding the use of raw or undercooked food: the destruction of bacteria.

VIII. Prevention of mental disorders

  1. Stress management:
    • Identification of stress sources: determination of factors causing stress.
    • Using stress management techniques: meditation, yoga, breathing exercises, communication with loved ones, hobbies, sufficient sleep.
    • Avoiding overloads: time planning and priority arrangement.
  2. Social support:
    • Communication with loved ones: getting support and understanding.
    • Participation in social events: expanding the circle of communication.
    • Search for help from experts: if necessary, contacting a psychologist or psychotherapist.
  3. Healthy lifestyle:
    • Balanced nutrition: maintaining the normal level of hormones and neurotransmitters.
    • Regular physical activity: improving mood and reducing stress levels.
    • Sufficient sleep: restoration of the nervous system.
    • Refusal of bad habits: alcohol, smoking, drugs.
  4. The development of positive thinking:
    • Focusing on positive aspects of life: improving mood and reducing stress levels.
    • Practice of gratitude: awareness of the value of what you have.
    • Avoiding negative thoughts: replacing negative thoughts with positive ones.
  5. Problem skills training:
    • Analysis of problems: identifying the causes of problems.
    • Search for solutions: Development of various solutions to problems.
    • The choice of the optimal solution: assessment of the consequences of each option and the choice of the best.
    • Implementation of the decision: Taking measures to solve the problem.
  6. Regular medical examinations:
    • Identification of mental disorders at an early stage: depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder.
    • Consultations with a doctor on the prevention of mental disorders.
  7. Appeal for help to a specialist:
    • Signs of the need to seek help from a specialist: depression, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, change in appetite, loss of interest in life.
    • Types of help: psychotherapy, drug treatment.

IX. Prevention of oral cavity diseases

  1. Regular tooth brushing:
    • Teeth brushing twice a day: morning and evening.
    • Using a toothpaste with fluorine: strengthening enamel of teeth.
    • The correct technique of teeth brushing: circular movements, cleaning all surfaces of the teeth.
    • Using tooth thread: Removing plaque between the teeth.
  2. Regular visits to the dentist:
    • A visit to the dentist twice a year: preventive examination and professional brushing.
    • Early detection and treatment of oral diseases: caries, gingivitis, periodontitis.
  3. Proper nutrition:
    • Sugar consumption restriction: decrease in the risk of caries.
    • Eating products that are useful for teeth: dairy products, fruits, vegetables.
    • Limiting the consumption of acidic drinks: Protection of enamel of teeth from erosion.
  4. Using rinses for the oral cavity:
    • Rinsers with fluorine: strengthening enamel of teeth.
    • Antiseptic rinses: the destruction of bacteria in the oral cavity.
  5. Refusal of smoking:
    • The effect of smoking on the health of the oral cavity: an increase in the risk of gingivitis, periodontitis, and cancer of the oral cavity.
  6. Prevention of injuries of the oral cavity:
    • Using protective KAPP in sports: protecting teeth from injuries.
    • Caution when eating hard food: prevention of dental chips.
  7. Early detection and treatment of bite abnormalities:
    • Orthodontic treatment: Correction of bite anomalies and improving the aesthetics of a smile.

X. Prevention of injuries

  1. Road safety:
    • Compliance with the rules of the road: reducing the risk of accidents.
    • Using seat belts: protection against injuries for accidents.
    • Using children’s seats: Protection of children from injuries in road accidents.
    • Avoiding driving in a state of alcohol or narcotic intoxication: reducing the risk of accidents.
    • Attentiveness and caution on the roads: prevention of accidents.
  2. Safety at home:
    • Prevention of falls: elimination of dangerous objects on the floor, installing handrails in the bathroom and toilet, using non -slip mats.
    • Safety in cooking: careful handling of hot objects, the use of protective gloves.
    • Safety when using electrical appliances: compliance with the operating rules of electrical appliances, regular electrical wiring.
    • Storage of drugs and chemicals in an inaccessible place for children: Prevention of poisoning.
  3. Safety at work:
    • Compliance with safety regulations: prevention of production injuries.
    • Using personal protective equipment: Protection from production injuries.
    • Regular labor protection training: improving safety at the workplace.
  4. Safety in sports:
    • Using protective equipment: protection against injuries in sports.
    • Correct technique for performing exercises: Prevention of injuries during sports.
    • Warm up before training and a hitch after training: preparing the body for physical activity and restoration after physical activity.
    • A gradual increase in load: prevention of overloads and injuries.
  5. Safety on the water:
    • Swimming in specially designated places: Prevention of drowning.
    • Compliance with the rules of conduct on water: prevention of accidents.
    • Using rescue vests: drowning protection.
    • Do not bathe in a state of intoxication: reducing the risk of accidents.
  6. First aid for injuries:
    • Stop bleeding: imposition of a tourniquet or pressure dressing.
    • Immobilization of the limb during a fracture: fixing the limb with the help of a tire.
    • RAS processing: wound rinsing and dressing.
    • Ambulance challenge: for severe injuries.
  7. Security Basics Training:
    • Training in children’s traffic rules: reducing the risk of accidents.
    • Teaching children with the rules of conduct on water: reducing the risk of drowning.
    • Education of adults bases of first aid: assistance in injuries.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of disease prevention strategies from a medical perspective. It covers various aspects of health, including lifestyle, infectious diseases, cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, musculoskeletal health, respiratory health, digestive health, mental health, oral health, and trauma prevention. The information is presented in a structured and detailed manner, providing practical tips and recommendations for maintaining and improving overall health.

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