Sleep and health: as a 50% lack of sleep harms

Sleep and health: as a 50% lack of sleep harms

Chapter 1: Sleep Physiology: Fundamentals and Cycles

Sleep is not just a state of peace; This is an active physiological process that is critical of restoration, consolidation of memory, regulation of hormones and maintaining overall health. Understanding the basics of the physiology of sleep allows us to realize how destructive chronic lack of sleep can be, even if it is “only” 50% of the necessary norm.

• Determination and functions of sleep: Sleep is a reversible state of reduced motor activity and reduced reactivity to external stimuli. Its main functions include:

  • Restoration of physical forces: During sleep, there is a restoration of muscles, tissues and organs. Metabolic activity is reduced, which allows the body to direct resources for regeneration.
  • Memory consolidation: Dream plays a key role in transferring information from short -term memory to long -term, strengthening neural connections and contributing to training.
  • Hormone regulation: In a dream, the production of many hormones is regulated, including growth hormone, cortisol, insulin and leptin, which affect appetite, metabolism and immune function.
  • Maintaining the immune system: During sleep, the immune system produces and releases cytokines, proteins, struggling with inflammation and infections.
  • Cleaning of the brain: A glimptical system, which works mainly during sleep, cleanses the brain of metabolic waste and toxins, such as beta-amyloid associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Mood regulation: Dream affects neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which play an important role in the regulation of mood and emotional well -being.

• Sleep stages: The dream consists of several stages, cyclically replacing each other:

  • NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) сон: Accounts for about 75-80% of the total sleep time and includes three stands:
    • N1 (Jump): The transition from wakefulness to sleep. It is characterized by slow movements of the eyes, relaxation of muscles and a decrease in heart rate. It is easy to wake a person at this stage.
    • N2 (light sleep): The body temperature decreases, the heart rhythm slows down. The brain produces sleepy spindles and complexes k, which indicates preparation for deeper sleep.
    • N3 (deep sleep or slow sleep): The most restored stage of sleep. The brain produces a delta wave. It is difficult to wake a person at this stage. It is during this stage that fabrics are restored, the immune system is strengthened and the consolidation of declarative memory (facts and events).
  • REM (Rapid Eye Movement) сон: It is characterized by quick movements of the eyes, increased brain activity, similar to wakefulness, and paralysis of muscles (with the exception of the eyes and respiratory muscles). During the REM-SNA, bright dreams occur, the procedural memory (skills and habits) is consolidated and emotional information is processed.

• Sleep cycles: During the night, we pass through 4-6 sleep cycles, each of which lasts about 90-120 minutes. At the beginning of the night, deep sleep (N3) prevails, and closer to morning-REM-SOS. Interruption of any sleep cycle can adversely affect its restoring functions.

• Sleep neurophysiology: The dream is regulated by a complex network of neural chains and neurotransmitters. Important structures involved in sleep regulation include:

  • Hypothalamus: Contains the suprachiasmatic core (SCN), which is the main biological hour of the body and regulates circus rhythms.
  • Pine -shaped iron: It produces melatonin, a hormone that promotes falling asleep.
  • Reticular formation: Located in the brain trunk and plays a role in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep.
  • Basal nuclei: Participate in the regulation of motor activity during sleep.

• Hormonal sleep regulation: Hormones play a key role in the regulation of the sleeping cycle.

  • Melatonin: It is produced in the dark and contributes to falling asleep. The level of melatonin decreases in the morning, contributing to awakening.
  • Cortisol: The stress hormone, the level of which is usually higher in the morning, contributing to wakefulness. Chronic lack of sleep can lead to an increase in the level of cortisol, which has a negative effect on health.
  • Growth hormone: It is produced mainly during deep sleep and is necessary for the growth and restoration of fabrics.
  • Grillin and Leptin: Hormones regulating appetite. Ned -sleeping can violate the balance of these hormones, leading to increased appetite and weight gain.

The understanding of these physiological processes makes it obvious that the lack of sleep, even if it is 50%, has a significant effect on various body systems and can lead to serious health consequences. For example, if a person needs 8 hours of sleep, and he sleeps only 4, then he deprives himself of a significant part of deep sleep and REM-SN, which negatively affects the restoration of the body, consolidation of memory and emotional regulation.

Chapter 2: The consequences of 50% lack of sleep for physical health

Chronic lack of sleep, even to a moderate degree, has a significant impact on physical health, increasing the risk of developing various diseases and worsening overall well -being. When a person regularly sleeps 50% less than he needs, the consequences for the body become especially tangible.

• Cardiovascular system: The lack of sleep has a negative effect on the health of the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of development:

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): The lack of sleep leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which causes narrowing of the blood vessels and an increase in blood pressure. Chronic hypertension increases the risk of stroke, heart attack and other cardiovascular diseases.
  • Corny heart (coronary heart disease): The lack of sleep can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis (the formation of plaques in the arteries), which leads to narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels and limiting blood supply to the heart.
  • Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias): The lack of sleep can cause irregular heart abbreviations, which increases the risk of heart failure and stroke.
  • Heart failure: Chronic lack of sleep provides an additional burden on the heart, which over time can lead to weakening the heart muscle and the development of heart failure.

• Metabolism and endocrine system: The lack of sleep violates metabolic processes and hormonal balance, which leads to:

  • Insulin resistance: The lack of sleep reduces the sensitivity of cells to insulin, a hormone that helps glucose to get into the cells. Insulin resistance is a harbinger of type 2 diabetes.
  • Type 2 diabetes: Chronic lack of sleep increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, since it exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts the production of insulin.
  • Obesity: The lack of sleep violates the regulation of the hormones of appetite (Grelin and Leptine), which leads to an increased feeling of hunger and overeating. In addition, lack of sleep reduces the level of activity, which contributes to weight gain.
  • Thyroid disorders: Chronic lack of sleep can disrupt the function of the thyroid gland, which can lead to hypothyroidism (a decrease in thyroid function) or hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid function).
  • Reproductive disorders: The lack of sleep can disrupt the production of sex hormones, which can lead to a decrease in libido, menstrual cycle disorders in women and a decrease in testosterone levels in men.

• Immune system: The lack of sleep weakens the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections:

  • Reducing the activity of immune cells: The lack of sleep reduces the amount and activity of immune cells, such as T cells and NK cells (natural killers), which play an important role in the fight against infections and cancer cells.
  • Increased susceptibility to infections: People who are chronically lacking, often suffer from colds, influenza and other infectious diseases.
  • Slow recovery: The lack of sleep slows down the recovery process after illness or injury.
  • Increasing the risk of developing autoimmune diseases: Chronic inflammation caused by a lack of sleep can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• Gastrointestinal tract: The lack of sleep can disrupt the function of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to:

  • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): The lack of sleep can aggravate the symptoms of BCC, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Irritable intestine syndrome (SRK): The lack of sleep can worsen the symptoms of SRK, such as abdominal pain, bloating and stool disorders.
  • Change of intestinal microbiots: The lack of sleep can change the composition of the intestinal microbiots, which can affect digestion, immunity and general health.

• Corruption apparatus: The lack of sleep can lead to:

  • Muscle weakness: The lack of sleep reduces the synthesis of protein and slows down muscle restoration, which leads to muscle weakness and fatigue.
  • Joint pain: Chronic inflammation caused by a lack of sleep can aggravate joint pain.
  • Reducing bone density: The lack of sleep can disrupt bone metabolism, which can lead to a decrease in bone density and an increase in the risk of osteoporosis.

• The risk of accidents and injuries: The lack of sleep reduces vigilance, slows down the reaction time and worsens the coordination of movements, which increases the risk of accidents at work, driving and in everyday life.

Thus, 50% lack of sleep has a destructive effect on various body systems, increasing the risk of serious diseases and worsening quality of life. Regular and sufficient sleep is necessary to maintain physical health and prevent the development of chronic diseases.

Chapter 3: influence 50% lack of sleep on mental health

The lack of sleep not only harms physical health, but also has a significant impact on mental well -being. Chronic lack of sleep, even moderate, can lead to a deterioration in mood, a decrease in cognitive functions and an increase in the risk of developing mental disorders. When a person is systematically sleeping 50% less than the necessary, the consequences for mental health become especially pronounced.

• Mood disorders: The lack of sleep is closely related to:

  • Irritability: The lack of sleep reduces the ability to control emotions, which leads to increased irritability, temper and aggressiveness.
  • Anxiety: A lack of sleep can cause a feeling of anxiety, anxiety and stress. He can also aggravate existing alarming disorders.
  • Depression: The lack of sleep is one of the risk factors for the development of depression. He can worsen the symptoms of depression in people who already suffer from this disorder.
  • Emotional lability: The lack of sleep can lead to sharp mood swings, making it difficult to control over emotions.
  • Reduced motivation: The lack of sleep reduces the level of energy and motivation, which makes it difficult to fulfill everyday tasks and achieve goals.

• Cognitive disorders: The lack of sleep worsens various cognitive functions, including:

  • Attention and concentration: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to concentrate, which leads to distraction, forgetfulness and difficulties in learning.
  • Memory: The lack of sleep worsens the consolidation of memory, which makes it difficult to memorize new information and reproduce the old.
  • Decision -making: The lack of sleep worsens the ability to rational thinking and making balanced decisions.
  • Problem solution: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to search for solutions to problems and creative thinking.
  • Information processing speed: The lack of sleep slows down the speed of information processing, which leads to a decrease in performance and an increase in the time required to complete the tasks.
  • Executive functions: The lack of sleep worsens executive functions, such as planning, organization and control of impulses.

• Mental disorders: Chronic lack of sleep increases the risk of developing various mental disorders:

  • Alarm disorders: The lack of sleep can provoke or aggravate anxiety disorders, such as generalized alarming disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic attacks.
  • Depressive disorders: The lack of sleep is one of the main risk factors for the development of depression. He can aggravate existing depressive symptoms and complicate the treatment of depression.
  • Bipolar disorder: A lack of sleep can provoke manic or depressive episodes in people with bipolar disorder.
  • Post -traumatic stress disorder (PTSR): The lack of sleep can aggravate the symptoms of PTSR, such as nightmares, flashbacks and anxiety.
  • Attention deficit syndrome (HDVG): The lack of sleep can worsen the symptoms of ADHG, such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
  • Psychosis: In rare cases, the extreme lack of sleep can provoke psychotic episodes in predisposed people.

• Influence on social life: The lack of sleep can negatively affect social life, leading to:

  • Difficulties in communication: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to communicate with other people, leading to misunderstanding and conflicts.
  • Insulation: The lack of sleep reduces social activity and can lead to social isolation.
  • Relationships problems: The lack of sleep can negatively affect personal and professional relations.

• The mechanisms of the influence of lack of sleep on mental health: The influence of lack of sleep on mental health is due to several mechanisms:

  • Disruption of neurotransmitters: The lack of sleep affects neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, which play an important role in regulating mood, motivation and cognitive functions.
  • Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex: The lack of sleep reduces the activity of the prefrontal cortex, the area of ​​the brain that is responsible for the executive functions, decision -making and control of emotions.
  • Hyperactivation of amygdaly: The lack of sleep increases the activity of amygdala, the area of ​​the brain responsible for the processing of emotions, especially fear and anxiety.
  • Increasing the level of cortisol: The lack of sleep leads to an increase in the level of cortisol, a stress hormone that can negatively affect mood and cognitive functions.
  • Inflammation: Chronic lack of sleep causes inflammation in the brain, which can contribute to the development of mental disorders.

Thus, 50% lack of sleep has a serious impact on mental health, increasing the risk of developing mood disorders, cognitive disorders and mental disorders. A full sleep is an important factor in maintaining mental well -being and preventing the development of mental illness. If you experience sleep problems, it is important to seek help from a specialist.

Chapter 4: influence 50% of the lack of sleep on performance and safety

Chronic lack of sleep has a significant effect on cognitive functions and psychomotor skills, which leads to a decrease in performance, an increase in the number of errors and increasing the risk of accidents in various fields of activity. When a person regularly sleeps 50% less than the necessary, the consequences for performance and safety become especially tangible.

• Reducing performance at work: The lack of sleep leads to:

  • Reduced concentration: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to concentrate on working tasks, which leads to distraction, forgetfulness and a decrease in the efficiency of work.
  • Memory deterioration: The lack of sleep worsens the consolidation of memory, which makes it difficult to memorize new information and reproduce the old, necessary to fulfill the work duties.
  • Reducing the speed of information processing: The lack of sleep slows down the speed of information processing, which leads to an increase in the time required to complete the tasks and a decrease in overall performance.
  • Deterioration of decision -making: The lack of sleep worsens the ability to rational thinking and making balanced decisions, which can lead to errors and a decrease in the quality of work.
  • Reducing creativity: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to find solutions to problems and creative thinking, which negatively affects innovation and the ability to adapt to new situations.
  • Increase in the number of errors: The lack of sleep increases the likelihood of making errors at work, which can lead to a decrease in product quality, injuries and other negative consequences.
  • Reduced motivation: The lack of sleep reduces the level of energy and motivation, which makes it difficult to perform working tasks and achieve goals.
  • Improving stress levels: The lack of sleep increases the level of stress at work, which can lead to burnout and reducing satisfaction with work.
  • Increasing the number of workproofs: People who are chronically lacking, more often miss work due to illness or poor well-being.

• Increasing the risk of accidents: The lack of sleep significantly increases the risk of accidents in various fields of activity:

  • Transport: The lack of sleep is one of the main causes of traffic accidents (accident). It reduces vigilance, slows down the reaction time and worsens the coordination of movements, which increases the risk of accidents.
  • Industry: The lack of sleep increases the risk of industrial accidents, especially in industries requiring a high concentration and quick reaction, such as construction, mining industry and engineering.
  • Healthcare: The lack of sleep among medical workers increases the risk of medical errors that can lead to negative consequences for patients.
  • Other areas: The lack of sleep increases the risk of accidents in other areas of activity, such as sports, households and rest.

• Driving: The lack of sleep is a serious problem for drivers:

  • Microson: Drivers who are lacking, can experience microson – short -term sleep periods that last only a few seconds. A microson can occur suddenly and imperceptibly for the driver, which can lead to a loss of control over the car and an accident.
  • Reducing reaction time: The lack of sleep slows down the driver’s reaction time, which increases the risk of collision with other vehicles or obstacles.
  • Deterioration of attention: The lack of sleep makes it difficult to concentrate on the road, which leads to distraction and increasing risk of errors.
  • Increase in the risk of accidents: Studies show that drivers sleeping less than 6 hours a day have a much higher risk of getting into an accident than drivers sleeping 7-8 hours.

• Influence on risk acceptance: The lack of sleep can lead to more risky behavior:

  • Impulsiveness: The lack of sleep reduces the ability to control impulses, which can lead to the adoption of rash and risky decisions.
  • Risk assessment: The lack of sleep worsens the ability to adequately evaluate the risks, which can lead to an underestimation of danger and committing risky actions.

• Economic consequences: Reducing performance and increasing the number of accidents associated with a lack of sleep lead to significant economic losses for enterprises and society as a whole:

  • Decrease in profit: Reducing performance and increasing the number of errors lead to a decrease in the profit of enterprises.
  • Increased healthcare costs: The lack of sleep contributes to the development of various diseases, which increases healthcare costs.
  • Insurance payments: Accidents associated with a lack of sleep lead to an increase in insurance payments.
  • Loss of working time: Passes of work due to illness or poor health associated with lack of sleep lead to loss of working time.

Thus, 50% lack of sleep has a serious impact on performance and safety, increasing the risk of errors, accidents and economic losses. Ensuring a sufficient amount of sleep is an important factor in increasing performance, ensuring security and improving economic well -being. Enterprises should create conditions contributing to the healthy sleep of employees, and conduct educational programs about the importance of sleep.

Chapter 5: Factors affecting the quality and duration of sleep

The quality and duration of sleep depend on many factors, both internal (biological and psychological) and external (environmental and lifestyle). Understanding these factors helps to identify the causes of a lack of sleep and develop strategies to improve it.

• Biological factors:

  • Age: The need for a dream is changing with age. Newborn requires up to 16 hours of sleep per day, children-9-11 hours, adolescents-8-10 hours, adults-7-9 hours, older people-7-8 hours.
  • Floor: In women, the need for a dream can be slightly higher than in men, especially during pregnancy and menstruation.
  • Genetics: Genetic factors can affect the duration of sleep, circus rhythms and a predisposition to sleep disturbances.
  • Chronic diseases: Many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, asthma and chronic pain, can disturb sleep.
  • Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes associated with menstruation, pregnancy, menopause and thyroid diseases can affect sleep.

• Psychological factors:

  • Stress: Stress is one of the main causes of insomnia. It activates the sympathetic nervous system, which makes it difficult to fall asleep and maintaining sleep.
  • Anxiety: Alarm disorders are often accompanied by insomnia. Constant anxiety and anxious thoughts prevent them from relaxing and falling asleep.
  • Depression: Depression can cause both insomnia and excessive drowsiness. It can also violate the structure of sleep, leading to a decrease in the amount of deep sleep.
  • Trauma: Post -traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by nightmares and insomnia.
  • Work after changing: Work on shifts violates circus rhythms, which leads to difficulties with falling asleep and maintaining sleep, as well as a decrease in sleep quality.
  • Changing time zones (Jetlag): The change of time zones also violates circus rhythms, which causes difficulties with adaptation to new time and sleep disturbance.

• Environmental factors:

  • Noise: Noise can interfere with falling asleep and maintaining sleep.
  • World: Bright light, especially the blue light from the screens of electronic devices, inhibits the production of melatonin, hormone that promotes falling asleep.
  • Temperature: Too high or too low the temperature in the bedroom can interfere with sleep.
  • Humidity: Too high or too low humidity in the bedroom can complicate breathing and break the dream.
  • Air quality: Poor quality of air in the bedroom can cause respiratory tract irritation and disrupt sleep.
  • The convenience of beds and pillows: An uncomfortable bed or pillow can cause discomfort and disrupt sleep.

• Life lifestyle factors:

  • Diet: The use of heavy food, caffeine or alcohol before bedtime can break sleep.
  • Physical activity: Regular physical activity helps to improve sleep, but intense training before going to bed can interfere with falling asleep.
  • Smoking: Nicotine is a stimulant that can violate sleep.
  • Alcohol consumption: Alcohol can help fall asleep, but it worsens the quality of sleep and can lead to frequent awakening at night.
  • Medication: Some drugs, such as antidepressants, steroids and beta-blockers, can affect sleep.
  • Using electronic devices before bedtime: The use of smartphones, tablets or computers before bedtime can suppress the production of melatonin and interfere with falling asleep.
  • Irregular sleep mode: The irregular sleep mode, when a person goes to bed and wakes up at different times every day, violates circus rhythms and makes it difficult to fall asleep and maintaining sleep.

• Social factors:

  • Work schedule: Work on shifts, especially with night shifts, greatly disrupts circus rhythms and leads to chronic lack of surge.
  • Financial problems: Stress associated with financial problems can lead to anxiety and insomnia.
  • Interpersonal relations: Conflicts in the family or at work can cause stress and disrupt sleep.
  • Social isolation: Social isolation can lead to depression and sleep disturbances.

The identification and elimination of these factors is a key step towards improving the quality and duration of sleep. Changing the lifestyle, creating a favorable environment in the bedroom, stress management and treatment of concomitant diseases can help restore healthy sleep and improve the overall state of health.

Chapter 6: Diagnostics of sleep disorders

If sleep problems are chronic and significantly affect the quality of life, you must consult a doctor to diagnose possible sleep disturbances. Timely diagnosis and treatment allow you to prevent serious health consequences.

• A history of anamnesis: The doctor will ask about your sleep regime, symptoms, medical history, drugs taken and lifestyle. It is important to provide the most detailed information.

• Physical examination: The doctor will conduct a physical examination to identify the possible causes of sleep disorders, such as problems with the thyroid gland, cardiovascular diseases or sleep apnea.

• Sleep diary: The doctor may ask you to keep sleep diary for 1-2 weeks. In the diary of sleep, it is necessary to note the time of falling asleep, the time of awakening, the number of awakening at night, the quality of sleep, the use of caffeine and alcohol, as well as other factors that can affect sleep.

• Polisonography (PSG): Polysonography is a “gold standard” diagnosis of sleep disturbances. During PSG, the following measurements are carried out:

  • ElectroenceianChalograph (GCH): Measurement of the electrical activity of the brain to determine the stages of sleep.
  • Electricocoction (Eog): Measurement of eye movements for determining REM-SNN.
  • Electromyography (EMG): Measurement of muscle activity for determining muscle tone and limb movements during sleep.
  • Electrocardodiography (ECG): Measuring the electrical activity of the heart to determine the frequency of heart contractions and heart rhythm disturbances.
  • Respiratory measurement: Measurement of the air flow through the nose and mouth, as well as movements of the chest and abdomen to determine the apnea and hypopnoe.
  • Measuring the level of oxygen in the blood (pulsoximetry): Measuring the level of oxygen in the blood to determine the desalation (reduction of oxygen level) during sleep.

PSG is usually carried out in a specialized sleep laboratory. During the study, the patient is put on sensors that record various physiological parameters during sleep. The results of the PSG are analyzed by a scammers for a diagnosis.

• Outpatient polysography: In some cases, PSG can be carried out at home using portable equipment. The outpatient PSG is less accurate than the laboratory PSG, but it can be useful for the diagnosis of obstructive apnea of ​​sleep.
• Activation: Actography is a method of monitoring activity and sleep using a wearable device similar to a wristwatch. The acting measures the movement of the wrist and allows you to evaluate the time of falling asleep, the time of awakening and the total time of sleep. The acting is useful for assessing circadian rhythms and identifying sleep disturbances associated with the operating mode or changing time zones.
• Multiple test of the latency of sleep (MTLS): MTLS is a test that is used to evaluate daytime drowsiness and identify narcolepsy. During MTLS, the patient is proposed to lie down several times during the day and try to fall asleep. The time required for falling asleep is measured, and the stage of sleep into which the patient falls asleep.
• Maintenance Test (TPB): TPB is a test that is used to assess the ability to maintain wakefulness. During TPB, the patient is invited to sit in a quiet room and try not to fall asleep. The time is measured during which the patient remains awake.

Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor will be able to determine the cause of sleep disorders and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Chapter 7: Methods for the treatment of sleep disorders

Treatment of sleep disorders depends on the cause of their occurrence. There are various methods of treatment, including a change in lifestyle, cognitive-behavioral therapy, drug therapy and surgical treatment.

• Life change change: Change in lifestyle is the first step in the treatment of many sleep disorders. Recommended:

  • Observe sleep mode: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends.
  • Create a favorable environment in the bedroom: Provide silence, darkness and coolness in the bedroom.
  • Avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime: Caffeine and alcohol can disrupt sleep.
  • Do not eat heavy food before bedtime: Heavy food can be difficult to fall asleep.
  • Regularly engage in physical activity: Physical activity helps to improve sleep, but to avoid intensive training before bedtime.
  • Avoid using electronic devices before bedtime: Blue light from the screens of electronic devices suppresses the production of melatonin.
  • Manage stress: Use relaxation methods such as meditation, yoga or deep breathing.

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (KPT): KPT B is an effective method of treating chronic insomnia. KPT B includes:

  • Cognitive therapy: Changing negative thoughts and beliefs about sleep.
  • Behavioral therapy: The development of healthy sleep habits, such as restriction of time spent in bed, and incentive control.
  • Relaxation techniques: Training in relaxation methods such as progressive muscle relaxation and auto -training.
  • Sleep hygiene: Compliance with sleep hygiene rules, such as maintaining a regular sleep regime and creating a favorable situation in the bedroom.

KPT B is usually carried out by a psychotherapist or psychologist specializing in the treatment of sleep disturbances.

• Drug therapy: Drug therapy can be used to treat sleep disorders, but it should be used with caution and under the supervision of a doctor. There are various types of drugs used to treat sleep disorders:

  • Sleeping pills: Sleeping pills, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, can help fall asleep, but they can cause side effects, such