Bades: hidden ingredients and potential harm

Bades: hidden ingredients and potential harm

Part 1: General information about dietary supplements

1. Definition and classification of dietary supplements:

   1. 1. Determination of biologically active additives (dietary supplements): dietary supplements are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances intended for direct intake with food or introduction into food products in order to enrich the diet with individual food or biologically active substances and their complexes, as well as to increase the adaptive capabilities of the body to adverse environmental factors.

   2. 1. Classification of dietary supplements in composition:

         1. 1. Nutricotics: dietary supplements used to correct the chemical composition of food, to replenish the deficiency of substances necessary for the body (vitamins, minerals, food fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, etc.). They are close to food products in their composition.
         2. 2. Parafarmetzetics: dietary supplements used for prevention, auxiliary therapy and maintaining the functional activity of organs and systems. They have a regulatory effect on physiological processes in the body. They include plant extracts, beekeeping products, animal tissues, marine organisms and others.
         3. 3. Probiotics and prebiotics: dietary supplements containing living microorganisms that favorably affect the intestinal microflora (probiotics) and substances that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria (prebiotics).
   3. 1. Classification of dietary supplements in the form of release: tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, bars, teas, etc.

2. Legislative regulation of dietary supplements in Russia and other countries:

   1. 1. Russian legislation: Federal Law No. 29-ФЗ “On the quality and safety of food products”, SanPiN 2.3.2.1290-03 “Hygienic requirements for the organization of production and turnover of biologically active food additives (BADs).” Features of the registration of dietary supplements in Russia (clinical tests are not required in full, as for drugs). The role of Rospotrebnadzor in the control of the production and turnover of dietary supplements. The responsibility of manufacturers for false information about the composition and properties of dietary supplements.
   2. 2. Regulation in the European Union (Directive 2002/46/EC on food additives): restrictions on the use of certain substances in dietary supplements. Marking requirements. System of notifications about the production of dietary supplements on the market.
   3. 3. Regulation in the USA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 – DSHEA): Features of the status of dietary supplements in the United States (considered as food, not medicines). The role of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the control of the safety of dietary supplements. Requirements for GMP (good manufactoring practice) for dietary supplements.
   4. 4. Comparison of regulation systems in different countries: general features and differences in the approaches to registration, quality control and safety. Problems of harmonizing legislation in the field of dietary supplements at the international level.

3. Bad production: Stages and quality control:

   1. 1. The main stages of the production of dietary supplements: the purchase of raw materials, the quality control of raw materials, preparation of raw materials, extraction (for plant dietary supplements), mixing components, capsulation/tablet, packaging, quality control of finished products.
   2. 2. Requirements for raw materials for the production of dietary supplements: compliance with regulatory documents, lack of pollution (heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms), confirmation of authenticity and compliance with the declared composition.
   3. 3. Quality control system in the production of dietary supplements: input control of raw materials, quality control at the stages of production, quality control of finished products, microbiological control, control of the content of active substances, control of packaging and marking.
   4. 4. GMP certification (good manufactoring practice): GMP value to ensure the quality and safety of dietary supplements. GMP requirements for industrial premises, equipment, personnel, documentation, quality control.

4. Marketing and advertising of dietary supplements: statements and restrictions:

   1. 1. Basic channels for promoting dietary supplements: online stores, pharmacies, network marketing, media advertising, advertising on social networks.
   2. 2. Typical statements in the advertisement of dietary supplements: “strengthens immunity”, “improves digestion”, “helps to reduce weight”, “increases energy”, “slows down aging”.
   3. 3. Restrictions in the advertising of dietary supplements: a ban on applications for the healing properties of dietary supplements (dietary supplements are not medicines). Requirements for the reliability and validity of the information presented in advertising. A ban on advertising of dietary supplements who have not passed state registration.
   4. 4. Unscrupulous advertising of dietary supplements: examples of false and misleading statements about the properties of dietary supplements. Risks for consumers associated with unfair advertising. Methods of combating unscrupulous advertising of dietary supplements.

5. Popular types of dietary supplements and their alleged effects:

   1. 1. Vitamins and minerals: vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamins of group B, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron. Estimated effects: maintaining bone health, strengthening immunity, improving metabolism, reducing the risk of developing scarce conditions.
   2. 2. Plant dietary supplements: echinacea, ginseng, ginkgo biloba, St. John’s wort, milk thistle. Estimated effects: increasing immunity, improving memory and concentration, normalization of sleep, maintaining liver health.
   3. 3. Probiotics and prebiotics: lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, inulin, fruitoligosaccharides. Estimated effects: improving digestion, strengthening of immunity, restoration of intestinal microflora.
   4. 4. Dietary diets for weight loss: l-carnitine, chrome, green tea extract, caffeine. Estimated effects: acceleration of metabolism, decrease in appetite, fat burning.
   5. 5. Bad for athletes: creatine, protein, amino acids BCAA. Estimated effects: increase in muscle mass, increased endurance, acceleration of recovery after training.

6. Bades consumption statistics:

   1. 1. Data on the prevalence of the use of dietary supplements in various countries: a comparison of the consumption of dietary supplements in Russia, European, USA and other regions.
   2. 2. Demographic factors affecting the consumption of dietary supplements: age, gender, level of education, income level.
   3. 3. The main motives for the use of dietary supplements: the desire to improve health, the prevention of diseases, correction of nutrient deficiency, increase energy and performance.
   4. 4. Bades market trends: an increase in the popularity of dietary supplements based on natural components, an increase in demand for dietary supplements to maintain immunity, expand the range of dietary supplements for athletes and people leading an active lifestyle.

Part 2: Hidden ingredients in dietary supplements

1. Sin -lawful pharmaceuticals:

   1. 1. The problem of falsification of dietary supplements: the addition of uninhabited pharmaceuticals to the composition of dietary supplements in order to enhance their effect.

   2. 2. Examples of un -given pharmaceuticals found in dietary supplements:

         1. 1. Sibuturine in dietary supplements for weight loss: Sibutramin is a drug for the treatment of obesity, which has serious side effects (increasing blood pressure, pulse increased, insomnia, anxiety). The illegal addition of sibutramine to dietary supplements can lead to serious health problems.
         2. 2. Sildenafil (Viagra) and its analogues in dietary supplements to increase potency: sildenafil is a drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, contraindicated to people with cardiovascular diseases. The illegal addition of sildenafil to dietary supplements can lead to dangerous side effects.
         3. 3. Anabolic steroids in dietary supplements for athletes: anabolic steroids – hormonal drugs that contribute to the growth of muscle mass. The use of anabolic steroids is associated with the risk of developing serious side effects (hormonal balance, liver problems, cardiovascular diseases).
         4. 4. Antidepressants and tranquilizers in dietary supplement to improve mood and sleep: illegal adding antidepressants and tranquilizers can lead to dependence, side effects and drug interactions.
   3. 3. Methods for identifying un-blessed pharmaceuticals in dietary supplements: laboratory tests (chromatography, mass spectrometry).
   4. 4. The consequences of the use of dietary supplements containing un -given pharmaceuticals: development of side effects, drug interactions, deterioration of health, the need for hospitalization.

2. Hidden allergens:

   1. 1. The problem of hidden allergens in dietary supplements: the lack of information about the presence of allergens in the dietary supplement on the label.
   2. 2. Common allergens that can be hidden in dietary supplements: gluten, lactose, soy, peanuts, nuts, seafood, eggs.
   3. 3. Risks for people with allergies: the development of allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, Quincke’s edema, anaphylactic shock).
   4. 4. The importance of careful study of the composition of the dietary supplement before use: pay attention to the presence of allergens in the list of ingredients, consult a doctor if there is an allergy.

3. Heavy metals and other pollutants:

   1. 1. Sources of pollution of dietary supplements with heavy metals and other pollutants: contaminated raw materials, low -quality equipment, impaired technological process.
   2. 2. Heavy metals that can be found in dietary supplements: lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic.
   3. 3. Other pollutants: pesticides, herbicides, mycotoxins, bacteria.
   4. 4. The negative effects of heavy metals and other pollutants on the body: violation of the work of the nervous system, kidneys, liver, immune system, development of cancer.
   5. 5. Monitoring the content of heavy metals and other pollutants in dietary supplements: laboratory tests, compliance with regulatory documents.

4. Inaccurate or inaccurate data on the composition:

   1. 1. The problem of the inconsistency of the declared and the actual composition of the dietary supplement: the wrong indication of the number of active substances, the absence of the declared ingredients, the presence of uninhabited ingredients.
   2. 2. Reasons for the inconsistency of the composition of the dietary supplement of the declared information: the dishonesty of manufacturers, errors in the technological process, the use of poor -quality raw materials.
   3. 3. Risks for consumers: the lack of the expected effect of the intake of dietary supplements, the development of side effects, and drug interactions.
   4. 4. The importance of choosing dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers: pay attention to the availability of quality certificates, the reputation of the manufacturer.

5. Hidden additives that enhance the effect (or creating the illusion of the effect):

   1. 1. Examples of hidden additives that can be used to enhance the effect of dietary supplements:

         1. 1. Laxatives in dietary supplements for weight loss: we can cause dehydration, electrolyte balance and other side effects.
         2. 2. Diuretics in dietary supplements for weight loss: can lead to dehydration, reduction of blood pressure and other side effects.
         3. 3. Stimulants in dietary supplements to increase energy: can cause insomnia, anxiety, increase blood pressure and other side effects.
   2. 2. Health risks associated with the use of dietary supplements containing hidden additives that enhance the effect: development of side effects, drug interactions, and deterioration of health status.

6. Plant ingredients with unexplored properties:

   1. 1. The use of rare or exotic plants as part of dietary supplements: lack of sufficient information about the safety and efficiency of these plants.
   2. 2. Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements containing plant ingredients with unexplored properties: development of side effects, allergic reactions, drug interactions.
   3. 3. The importance of consulting a doctor before the use of dietary supplements containing unfamiliar plant ingredients: assessment of potential risks and benefits.

Part 3: Potential damage to dietary supplements

1. Side effects and allergic reactions:

   1. 1. Mechanisms for the development of side effects of dietary supplements: toxic effects of active substances, drug interactions, individual intolerance.
   2. 2. The most common side effects of dietary supplements: digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation), headache, dizziness, insomnia, skin rash, itching.
   3. 3. Allergic reactions to dietary supplements: symptoms (skin rash, itching, Quincke’s edema, anaphylactic shock), causes (individual intolerance to dietary supplements).
   4. 4. Factors that increase the risk of side effects and allergic reactions: a predisposition to allergies, the presence of chronic diseases, simultaneously taking several dietary supplements or drugs, exceeding the recommended dose.

2. Medicinal interactions:

   1. 1. The mechanisms of drug interactions of dietary supplements: the effect of dietary supplements on the metabolism of drugs, a change in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.

   2. 2. Examples of hazardous dietary supplements of dietary supplements:

         1. 1. The interaction of St. John’s wort with antidepressants, anticoagulants and contraceptives: St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of these drugs.
         2. 2. The interaction of vitamin K with anticoagulants: Vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulants.
         3. 3. The interaction of grapefruit juice with some drugs: grapefruit juice can change the metabolism of drugs and increase their concentration in the blood, which can lead to side effects.
   3. 3. The importance of informing the doctor about the intake of dietary supplements: preventing dangerous drug interactions.

3. Influence on the function of organs and systems:

   1. 1. The toxic effects of dietary supplements on the liver: hepatotoxicity of some plant extracts, the risk of drug hepatitis.
   2. 2. The influence of dietary supplements on the kidneys: the risk of developing renal failure with prolonged use of high doses of some vitamins and minerals.
   3. 3. The influence of dietary supplements on the cardiovascular system: increasing blood pressure, increased pulse, risk of arrhythmia.
   4. 4. The effect of dietary supplements on the endocrine system: hormonal balance, the risk of developing endocrine diseases.

4. The risk of an overdose:

   1. 1. The problem of exceeding the recommended dose of Bad: the desire to get a faster or pronounced effect, insufficient awareness of safe doses.

   2. 2. The consequences of an overdose of vitamins:

         1. 1. An overdose of vitamin D: hypercalcemia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, impaired renal function.
         2. 2. An overdose of vitamin A: nausea, vomiting, headache, hair loss, liver damage.
         3. 3. Overdose with iron: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver damage, cardiovascular collapse.

   3. 3. The consequences of an overdose of minerals:

         1. 1. An overdose of calcium: hypercalcemia, impaired renal function, cardiovascular diseases.
         2. 2. An overdose of magnesium: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure, heart rate.
   4. 4. The importance of compliance with the recommended dose of dietary supplements: preventing the negative consequences for health.

5. Dependence on dietary supplements (psychological and physiological):

   1. 1. Psychological dependence on dietary supplements: confidence in the need to take dietary supplements to maintain health, anxiety in the absence of the opportunity to take dietary supplements, the search for new dietary supplements.
   2. 2. Physiological dependence on dietary supplements: the development of cancellation syndrome when stopping dietary supplements, the need to increase the dose to achieve the desired effect.
   3. 3. Risks associated with dependence on dietary supplements: abuse of dietary supplements, ignoring the need to treat the underlying disease, financial costs.

6. Masks of symptoms of diseases and delay in obtaining qualified medical care:

   1. 1. Using dietary supplements instead of contacting a doctor: self -medication based on advertising and acquaintances.
   2. 2. Masks of symptoms of diseases: a temporary improvement in well -being by taking dietary supplement, but the lack of treatment for the cause of the disease.
   3. 3. The consequences of the delay in obtaining qualified medical care: the progression of the disease, the development of complications, the deterioration of the prognosis.
   4. 4. The importance of timely seeking a doctor when the symptoms of the disease appear: obtaining an accurate diagnosis and prescribing adequate treatment.

7. Harm to certain groups of the population:

   1. 1. Bades and pregnancy: the risk of side effects in the mother and fetus, the effect on the development of the fetus. The need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements during pregnancy.
   2. 2. Bades and breastfeeding: the penetration of the active substances of dietary supplements into breast milk, the risk of side effects in the child. The need to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements during breastfeeding.
   3. 3. Bades and children: the risk of an overdose, influence on the development of the child. The need to consult a doctor before taking dietary supplements by children.
   4. 4. Bades and elderly people: increased risk of drug interactions, impact on the function of organs and systems. The need to consult a doctor before taking dietary supplements with older people.
   5. 5. Bades and people with chronic diseases: risk of deterioration of health, drug interactions. The need to consult a doctor before taking dietary supplements by people with chronic diseases.

Part 4: How to minimize risks when taking dietary supplements

1. Consultation with a doctor before starting dietary supplements:

   1. 1. The value of consultation with a doctor: assessment of the need to receive dietary supplements, determining potential risks and benefits, choosing the optimal dietary supplement and dosage, preventing drug interactions.
   2. 2. Preparation for a consultation with a doctor: collecting information about the medicines and dietary supplements, drawing up a list of questions for a doctor.
   3. 3. Discussion with a doctor’s goals, the expected results and possible side effects.

2. The choice of dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers with a good reputation:

   1. 1. Criteria for choosing a manufacturer of dietary supplements: availability of quality certificates (GMP), positive consumer reviews, lack of negative information in the media.
   2. 2. Checking information about the manufacturer: studying the manufacturer’s website, searching for information about the company in open sources.
   3. 3. Beware of dietary supplements from unknown or dubious manufacturers.

3. A careful study of the composition of Bad before buying:

   1. 1. Analysis of the list of ingredients: identification of allergens, potentially dangerous substances, unknown plant ingredients.
   2. 2. Checking the dosage of active substances: comparing the dosage of active substances with recommended consumption standards.
   3. 3. Pay attention to the availability of warnings and contraindications.

4. Strict adherence to recommendations for use and dosage:

   1. 1. Do not exceed the recommended dose of dietary supplements: follow the manufacturer’s instructions and the doctor’s recommendations.
   2. 2. Follow the dietary supplement reception mode: take dietary supplement in accordance with the instructions (before, during or after eating).
   3. 3. Do not take dietary supplements simultaneously with medicines without consulting a doctor.

5. Observation of the reaction of the body to the intake of dietary supplement:

   1. 1. Pay attention to the appearance of side effects: skin rash, itching, digestive disorders, headache, dizziness.
   2. 2. Stop taking the dietary supplement when side effects appear and consult a doctor.
   3. 3. Do not expect an instant result from the intake of dietary supplements: dietary supplements are not drugs and do not have an instant healing effect.

6. Message about unwanted phenomena and falsified dietary supplements:

   1. 1. Where to report on unwanted phenomena related to the reception of dietary supplements: Rospotrebnadzor, Roszdravnadzor, producer of Bad.
   2. 2. Where to report on falsified dietary supplements: Rospotrebnadzor, law enforcement agencies.
   3. 3. The importance of informing regulatory bodies about unwanted phenomena and falsified dietary supplements: assistance in identifying and preventing the spread of dangerous dietary supplements.

7. Alternative ways to improve health and well -being (instead of dietary supplements):

   1. 1. Balanced nutrition: the use of various products rich in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
   2. 2. Regular physical exercises: maintaining physical activity to strengthen health and improve well -being.
   3. 3. Healthy sleep: compliance with sleep and rest for restoring the body.
   4. 4. Stress management: the use of relaxation, meditation and other methods to reduce stress levels.
   5. 5. Refusal of bad habits: rejection of smoking and alcohol abuse.

8. Conscious attitude to the advertising of dietary supplements:

   1. 1. The critical perception of the information presented in the advertisement of dietary supplements: the understanding that advertising is aimed at selling a product.
   2. 2. Checking information about dietary supplements from independent sources: scientific research, reviews of doctors and consumers.
   3. 3. Beware of the promises of instant and miraculous healing: dietary supplements are not a panacea for all diseases.

Part 5: Final recommendations

1. Bades are not a replacement for good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.
2. Before taking dietary supplements, consult your doctor.
3. Choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers.
4. Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement before buying.
5. Strictly follow the recommendations for use and dosage.
6. Watch the body’s reaction to the intake of dietary supplements.
7. Report about unwanted phenomena and falsified dietary supplements.
8. Remember that dietary supplements are not medicines, but food additives.
9. Do not self -medicate.
10. Take care of your health!

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