A revolutionary approach to the treatment of migraines forever

Posted on by

A revolutionary approach to the treatment of migraines forever

I. Understanding migraines: more than just a headache

Migraine is a neurological disease that goes far beyond the usual headache. It is characterized by intense, pulsating headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), sound (phonophobia) and odors (osmophobia). Migraine can significantly affect the quality of life, limiting the ability to work, study and participate in everyday activity. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying migraines is the key to developing effective and long -term treatment strategies.

A. Classification of migraines: with an aura and without aura

The main types of migraines are migraines with aura and migraine without aura. Aura is a neurological phenomenon that precedes a headache in about 20-30% of migraine cases. The aura can manifest itself by various symptoms, including visual disorders (for example, flickering lights, zigzag lines, blind spots), sensory changes (for example, tingling or numbness in the limbs or face), speech difficulties and, less often, motor disorders. Migraine without aura is characterized by a headache that occurs without any preliminary neurological symptoms.

B. Migraine triggers: disclosure of factors causing attacks

Migraine is often provoked by various factors that vary from person to person. The identification and minimization of the effects of these triggers is an important part of migraine management. Some of the most common triggers include:

  1. Dietary factors: Some products and drinks can cause migraine in predisposed people. These include:

    • Sustained cheeses (for example, Chedder, Parmesan)
    • Treated meat (for example, sausage, bacon, hot dogs)
    • Chocolate
    • Alcohol, especially red wine and beer
    • Sodium glutamate (MSG)
    • Artificial sweeteners (for example, aspartam)
    • Citrus fruit
    • Caffeine (both excessive consumption and a sharp cessation)

  2. Environmental factors: Changes in the environment can also provoke migraines. These include:

    • Weather changes (for example, pressure drops, thunderstorms)
    • Bright or flickering light
    • Strong smells (for example, perfumes, paints, chemicals)
    • High height
    • Noise

  3. Life lifestyle factors: Some aspects of lifestyle can affect the frequency and intensity of migraines. These include:

    • Stress
    • Done lack or violation of sleep mode
    • Passing for eating
    • Dehydration
    • Intensive physical exercises

  4. Hormonal factors: In women, migraine is often associated with hormonal changes, especially with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause.

    • Menstrual migraine: occurs immediately before, during or after menstruation.
    • Migraine associated with pregnancy: can improve during pregnancy, but often returns after childbirth.
    • Migraine in menopause: may worsen or improve during menopause due to fluctuations in estrogen levels.

  5. Medical factors: Some medical conditions and drugs can cause or aggravate migraine.

    • High blood pressure
    • Sleep disorders (for example, apnea in a dream)
    • Glaucoma
    • Taking some drugs (for example, oral contraceptives, vasodilating agents)

C. Pathophysiology of migraines: solving complex mechanisms

The mechanisms underlying migraines are complex and not fully studied. However, modern studies show that migraine includes the interaction of various factors, including genetic factors, neurotransmitters, vascular changes and inflammation.

  1. Genetic predisposition: Migraine has a strong genetic component. People with relatives with migraine have a higher risk of developing this disease. Several genes associated with migraine were identified, but not one of them is the only reason.

  2. The role of the trigeminal nervous system: The trigeminal nervous system is the main nerve responsible for the transmission of pain signals from the head and face to the brain. Activation of the trigeminal nervous system plays an important role in the development of migraine. When the trigeminal nerve is activated, it releases peptides, such as peptide associated with the calcitonin gene (CGRP), which cause the expansion of blood vessels in the brain and inflammation.

  3. CGRP (peptide associated with the calcitonin gene): CGRP is a powerful vasodilating peptide that plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology. During a migraine attack, the level of CGRP in the blood rises. CGRP is associated with its receptors in the blood vessels of the brain, causing their expansion and inflammation, which leads to a headache.

  4. Crimely spreading depression (CSD): Crimely spreading depression is a wave of electrical activity, which slowly spreads through the cerebral cortex. It is believed that CSD can play a role in the development of aura and activation of the trigeminal nervous system.

  5. Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, also participate in migraine pathophysiology. Changes in the levels of these neurotransmitters can affect pain and mood regulation.

II. Traditional approaches to the treatment of migraines: restrictions and side effects

Traditional approaches to the treatment of migraines are divided into two main categories: stopping attacks and preventive treatment.

A. Escification of seizures: relief of acute pain

The relief of seizures is aimed at relieved pain and other symptoms during migraine attacks. The following drugs are usually used:

  1. Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as Ibuprofen, steady and diclofenac, can help relieve pain with migrants of migraine light and moderate attacks.

  2. TRIPTA: Triptans are a class of drugs that are specifically designed to treat migraines. They act, associated with serotonin receptors in the brain and blood vessels, narrowing expanded blood vessels and reducing inflammation. Examples of triptans include collapse, risatriciptan, gymitrippan and eletrippan.

  3. Ergotamines: Ergotamines are another class of drugs that can be used to treat migraines. They act, narrowing the blood vessels in the brain. Ergotamines are less effective than triptans and have more side effects.

  4. Antimetics: Antiometures, such as meteclopramide and cool reuperent, can help alleviate nausea and vomiting, which often accompany migraine.

  5. Combined drugs: Some drugs contain a combination of analgesics (for example, acetaminophene) and caffeine. They can be effective to relieve pain with migraine light and moderate attacks.

B. Preventive treatment: decrease in the frequency and intensity of seizures

Preventive treatment is aimed at reducing the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks. The following drugs are usually used:

  1. Beta blockers: Beta blockers, such as proponolol and metoprolol, can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, especially in people with high blood pressure or anxiety.

  2. Calcium channel blockers: Calcium channel blockers, such as fluanarisine, can help prevent migraine, blocking the flow of calcium in the cells of the brain.

  3. Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as amitriptylin and Wenlafaxin, can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, even if a person does not suffer from depression.

  4. Anticonvulsants: Some anticonvulsants, such as topiramate and valproic acid, can help prevent migraine, stabilizing electrical activity in the brain.

  5. Botox injections: Botox injections in the muscles of the head and neck can help reduce the frequency of bouts of chronic migraine (migraine that occurs 15 or more days a month).

C. Restrictions and side effects of traditional approaches

Traditional approaches to the treatment of migraines have a number of restrictions and side effects:

  1. Insufficient efficiency: Many people with migraine do not receive sufficient relief from traditional methods of treatment.

  2. Side effects: Many drugs used to treat migraines have side effects that can be unpleasant or even dangerous. For example, triptans can cause nausea, dizziness and pressure in the chest. Beta blockers can cause fatigue, dizziness and depression. Anticonvulsants can cause drowsiness, weight loss and memory problems.

  3. The risk of drug abuse: Excessive use of drugs to stop migraine attacks can lead to abuse of drugs and the development of drug-induced headaches (MOH), which can aggravate migraines.

  4. Inability to eliminate the main reason: Traditional methods for treating migraines are mainly aimed at relieved symptoms, and not at eliminating the main cause of the disease.

III. Revolutionary approaches: a new horizon in the treatment of migraines

In recent years, new, revolutionary approaches to the treatment of migraines have been developed, which offer more effective and long -term solutions. These approaches are based on a deeper understanding of migraine pathophysiology and are aimed at eliminating the main mechanisms of the disease.

A. Monoclonal antibodies to CGRP or its receptor:

One of the most significant achievements in the treatment of migraine in recent years is the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to CGRP or its receptor. These drugs operate by blocking the action of CGRP, a key peptide involved in the pathophysiology of migraine.

  1. The mechanism of action: MAB to CGRP or its receptor is associated with CGRP or its receptor, preventing CGRP binding with its receptor and blocking its vasodilating and inflammatory effect.

  2. Types of MAB to CGRP: Several MAB for CGRP or its receptor are available on the market, including:

    • Erenyumab (Aimovig): MAB to the CGRP receptor
    • Fremanesum (Ajovy): Insin CGRP
    • Galkanzumab (Emgality): MAB to CGRP
    • Eptynesumab (Vyepti): MAB to CGRP

  3. Efficiency: Mab to CGRP showed high efficiency in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks in people with episodic and chronic migraines. In clinical trials, these drugs reduced the number of days with headache per month by 50% or more in a significant part of patients.

  4. Safety: MAB to CGRP is usually well tolerated. The most common side effects include constipation, reactions in the injection site and muscle cramps.

  5. Advantages: MAB to CGRP have several advantages compared to traditional methods of preventive treatment of migraines:

    • Higher efficiency
    • Less side effects
    • Ease of use (monthly or quarterly injections)
    • Do not have the risk of abuse of drugs

B. hepants (antagonists Receptor Cgrp):

Hyans are another class of drugs that act by blocking the CGRP receptor. Unlike mabs, heaps are small molecules that are accepted orally.

  1. The mechanism of action: Hyans are associated with the CGRP receptor, preventing CGRP binding with their receptor and blocking its action.

  2. Types of hepans: Several hephanages are available on the market, including:

    • Rimegepant (Nurtec ODT): It is used both for stopping and for the prevention of migraine.
    • Ubrelvy: used to stop migraine.
    • Atugepant (QULIPTA): Used to prevent migraine.

  3. Efficiency: Hyans showed effectiveness in stopping acute migraine attacks and reducing the frequency of migraine attacks with preventive use.

  4. Safety: Hyans are usually well tolerated. The most common side effects include nausea, drowsiness and dry mouth.

  5. Advantages: Hyans have a number of advantages:

    • Oral reception
    • Quick start of action (to stop attacks)
    • Good tolerance

C. Neurostimulation: modulation of the nervous system to relieve migraine

Neurostimulation is a treatment method that uses electrical or magnetic impulses to modulate the activity of the nervous system. Several methods of neurostimulation have shown promising results in the treatment of migraines.

  1. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): TMS uses magnetic impulses to stimulate or suppress activity in certain areas of the brain. It is shown that the TMS is effective in stopping acute migraine attacks and reducing the frequency of seizures in preventive use.

  2. Transcranial stimulation direct current (TSPT): TSPT uses a weak electric current to stimulate or suppress activity in certain areas of the brain. TSPT was studied as a migraine prevention method, and some studies have shown positive results.

  3. Penettlement stimulation (STO): SNS includes implantation of electrodes near the occipital nerves in the back of the neck. Electrodes deliver electrical impulses that modulate the activity of the nerves and relieve headache. STS is used to treat chronic migraines refractory to other treatment methods.

  4. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (SBN): SBN includes stimulation of the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. The wandering nerve is a large nerve that passes from the brain to the abdominal organs. SBN is used to treat various conditions, including epilepsy and depression, and some studies have shown that it can be effective for the treatment of migraine.

D. Biological feedback and cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): Migraine control without drugs

Biological feedback and KPT are non -pharmacological treatment methods that can help people learn to control migraine without drugs.

  1. Biological feedback: Biological feedback teaches people to control physiological reactions, such as heart rate, blood pressure and muscle tension. Using special sensors, people receive real -time feedback about their physiological reactions and learn to use relaxation methods to reduce stress and stress that can cause migraine.

  2. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): KPT is a type of psychotherapy that helps people change negative thoughts and behavior that migraines can contribute. KPT teaches people to cope with stress, improve sleep and nutrition and develop strategies for overcoming pain.

E. Changes in lifestyle and diet: integrated approach

Changes in the lifestyle and diet play an important role in managing migraine.

  1. Definition and avoidance of triggers: It is important to determine and avoid migraine triggers. Keeping a headache diary can help identify factors that cause migraine attacks.

  2. Regular sleep: A lack of sleep or a violation of sleep mode can cause migraine. It is important to adhere to a regular sleep schedule, go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.

  3. Healthy nutrition: Healthy nutrition can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. It is important to avoid processed foods, sugar and artificial additives. Some people can find useful diet with low tyrammine or gluten.

  4. Stress management: Stress is a common migraine trigger. It is important to learn how to manage stress using methods such as meditation, yoga or tai-chi.

  5. Regular physical exercises: Regular physical exercises can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. It is important to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity of exercises.

  6. Hydration: Dehydration can cause migraine. It is important to drink enough water every day.

IV. Integrative approach to the treatment of migraines: a combination of the best methods

The most effective approach to the treatment of migraines is an integrative approach that combines the best methods from various disciplines. This approach takes into account the individual needs and preferences of each person and is aimed at achieving long -term relief and improving the quality of life.

A. Assessment and Diagnostics:

The first step in an integrative approach to the treatment of migraine is a thorough assessment and diagnosis. This includes the collection of a detailed medical history, conducting a physical examination and, if necessary, the appointment of additional examinations, such as an MRI of the brain.

B. Development of an individual treatment plan:

Based on the results of the assessment, an individual treatment plan is developed, which takes into account specific triggers, symptoms and preferences of a person. The treatment plan may include a combination of drug therapy, neurostimulations, biological feedback, KPT, changes in lifestyle and diet.

C. Monitoring and adjustment:

The treatment plan is constantly monitored and adjusted as necessary to ensure optimal efficiency and safety. It is important to regularly communicate with your doctor and inform him of any changes in symptoms or side effects.

D. Support and Education:

Support and education play an important role in an integrative approach to the treatment of migraine. Patients should be informed about migraines, its triggers and treatment methods. It is also important to provide them with support and resources necessary for the successful management of migraine.

V. The future treatment of migraines: new prospects and directions

The future treatment of migraines looks promising. New studies are constantly conducted aimed at a deeper understanding of migraine pathophysiology and the development of new, more effective and safe treatment methods.

A. New drugs:

New drugs are being developed for the treatment of migraines, including:

  1. Selective antagonists of serotonin 5-HT1F receptors: These drugs act with 5-HT1F serotonin receptors in the brain, which can help reduce pain and inflammation.

  2. Ingibitor diphedepetazy-4 (DPP-4): DPP-4 is an enzyme that breaks down CGRP. DPP-4 inhibitors can increase CGRP in the blood, which can help prevent migraine.

  3. Glutamata modulators: Glutamat is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in the development of migraine. Glutamata modules can help reduce glutamate activity in the brain, which can help prevent migraine.

B. New methods of neurostimulations:

New neurostimulation methods are being developed for the treatment of migraine, including:

  1. Focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS): FUS uses focused ultrasonic waves to stimulate certain areas of the brain.

  2. Closed neurostimulation: Closed neurostimulation uses sensors to detect brain activity associated with migraine, and automatically delivers stimulation to suppress this activity.

C. Personalized medicine:

Personalized medicine is an approach to treatment, which takes into account individual genetic and other characteristics of a person. In the future, personalized medicine can be used to develop individual migraine treatment plans, which will be the most effective for each person.

D. Big data and artificial intelligence:

Big data and artificial intelligence can be used to analyze large volumes of migraine data and identify new triggers, biomarkers and treatment methods.

VI. Conclusion: Hope for the future treatment of migraines

Migraine treatment undergoes a revolution. New drugs, methods of neurostimulations, biological feedback, KPT, changes in the lifestyle and diet offer people who suffer from migraine more opportunities than ever before. The integrative approach, which combines the best methods from various disciplines, is the key to achieving long -term relief and improving the quality of life. The future treatment of migraines looks promising, and we can expect to see even more innovations in this area in the coming years. Seeking a deep understanding, innovation and personalized care, we can discover new opportunities to alleviate the suffering and improve the life of those who suffer from this exhausting disease.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *