Forely say goodbye to migraine: proven ways

Chapter 1: Understanding Migraines: the roots of the disease and triggers

Migraine is not just a severe headache. This is a complex neurological state, characterized by exhausting pulsating pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Understanding the nature of migraine is the first and most important step towards freeing from its vice.

1.1. What is migraine? Definition and types

Migraine is an episodic headache that can last from several hours to several days. The pain is usually unilateral, pulsating and moderate or severe intensity. There are several types of migraines, including:

• Migraine with aura: About 25% of people suffering from migraine, before the start of a headache, there are auras – temporary neurological disorders, such as visual phenomena (flickering lights, zigzags), sensory changes (numbness, tingling) or speech difficulties. The aura usually lasts from 5 to 60 minutes and takes place before the start of a headache.

• Migraine without aura: This is the most common type of migraine, characterized by a headache without previous auric symptoms.

• Chronic migraine: It is diagnosed in the presence of headaches for 15 or more days a month for more than three months, while at least 8 of these days correspond to the criteria of migraine. Chronic migraine can significantly worsen the quality of life and requires a comprehensive approach to treatment.

• Hemiplegic migraine: A rare type of migraine, characterized by weakness or paralysis (hemiplegia) of one side of the body. Symptoms can simulate a stroke, so it is important to seek immediate medical help.

• Migraine of the brain stem: A rare type of migraine, characterized by symptoms arising from the brain stem, such as dizziness, ears in the ears, double -gathering and impaired coordination.

1.2. Migraine development mechanisms: complex game of neurons and blood vessels

The pathophysiology of migraines is complex and has not fully studied. However, it is believed that the following mechanisms participate in its development:

• Trigeminal nervous system: This system, including the trigeminal nerve, plays a key role in the transmission of pain signals from the head and face to the brain. Activation of the trigeminal nervous system leads to the release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP (calcitonin-hen-tied peptide), which cause inflammation and expansion of blood vessels in the brain.

• Crimely spreading depression (CRD): This is a wave of electrical activity, which spreads through the cerebral cortex and can cause an aura. CRD can also activate the trigeminal nervous system and contribute to the development of headache.

• Genetic predisposition: Migraine is often inherited. Several genes are identified that increase the risk of migraine.

• Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, play a role in regulating pain. Changes in the level of serotonin can contribute to the development of migraine.

• Inflammation: Inflammation of the blood vessels and tissues of the brain plays a role in the development of migraine.

1.3. Migraine triggers: triggers of the disease

Migraine triggers are factors that can provoke a migraine attack of people predisposed to this. Triggers can vary from person to person, and it is important to determine their own triggers in order to avoid them. The most common migraines triggers include:

• Food triggers: Some products and drinks can cause migraine in sensitive people. These include:

  • Sustained cheeses: They contain thyramin, an amino acid that can cause narrowing and expansion of blood vessels, which can provoke migraines.
  • Chocolate: Contains phenylethylamine, which can also cause migraine.
  • Red wine: Contains tanins and sulfites that can cause headache.
  • Processed meat: Contains nitrates and nitrites that can expand the blood vessels.
  • Artificial sweeteners (aspartam): They can cause migraine in some people.
  • Caffeine (in large quantities): Although caffeine can relieve headache in small doses, its excessive use or sudden termination can provoke migraines.

• Stress: Stress is one of the most common migraine triggers. When we are in a state of stress, our body distinguishes stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can cause inflammation and change the neurotransmitter level, which can provoke migraines.

• Hormonal changes: In women, migraine is often associated with hormonal changes, such as menstruation, pregnancy and menopause. Changes in the level of estrogen can affect the activity of the trigeminal nervous system.

• Weather changes: Changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity can cause migraine in some people.

• Sensory incentives: Bright light, loud noise and strong smells can provoke migraines.

• Lack of sleep or sprinkling: Sleep disorders can affect the level of neurotransmitters and cause migraine.

• Passing of food intake: Passing for food intake can lead to a decrease in blood sugar, which can provoke migraines.

• Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can cause headache, including migraine.

1.4. Migraine diagnostics: when to see a doctor?

Migraine diagnosis is usually based on the patient’s history and physical examination. The doctor will ask questions about the nature of the headache, its frequency, duration, accompanying symptoms and possible triggers. In some cases, additional studies can be required, such as an MRI or CT of the brain, to exclude other diseases.

Consult a doctor if:

• You suddenly had a severe headache.
• Your headache is accompanied by fever, the rigidity of the occipital muscles, convulsions, weakness, numbness, impaired speech, vision or coordination.
• Your headaches become more and more frequent or intense.
• Your headaches cannot be treated with ordinary analgesic drugs.
• You suspect your headaches are caused by head injury.

Chapter 2: Medical treatment of migraines: pain relief and prevention of seizures

Migrants of migraine are divided into two main directions: stopping acute attacks and migraine prevention. The purpose of stopping attacks is to relieve pain and related symptoms during migraine. The purpose of preventive treatment is to reduce the frequency, severity and duration of migraine attacks.

2.1. Relocation of sharp migraine attacks: drugs to relieve pain

• Anesthetic drugs:

  • Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Ibuprofen, Drinks and Diclofenac can be effective with mild and moderate migraine attacks. They act by reducing inflammation and blocking the production of prostaglandins, substances that cause pain.

  • Paracetamol: Paracetamol can be effective for migrants of migraine, especially in combination with other drugs.

  • Aspirin: Aspirin can be effective in migraine, especially in high doses.

• TRIPTA: Triptans are a class of drugs specially designed for the treatment of migraine. They act by narrowing the blood vessels in the brain and blocking the release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP. Triptans are available in various forms, including tablets, nasal sprays and injections. Examples of triptans include collapse, risatriciptan, gymitrippan and eletrippan. Triptans are most effective if they are taken at the beginning of the migraine attack. They are not recommended for people with cardiovascular diseases.

• Ergotamines: Ergotamines are another class of drugs that can be used to treat migraines. They act by narrowing the blood vessels in the brain. Ergotamines are less selective than triptans and have more side effects. They are not recommended for people with cardiovascular diseases, pregnant or lactating women.

• Antimetics: Anthematics are drugs that are used to treat nausea and vomiting, which often accompany migraine. Examples of anti -emitics include metoclopramide and coolroperazine.

• Combined drugs: Some drugs contain a combination of painkillers, triptans and anti -emetics. They can be more effective than individual drugs in the treatment of migraine.

2.2. Preventive treatment of migraines: reducing the frequency and intensity of seizures

Preventive treatment of migraines is recommended for people who have frequent, severe or disabled migraine attacks. The purpose of preventive treatment is to reduce the frequency, severity and duration of migraine attacks. Preventive drugs must be taken daily, even if you do not have a headache. It may take several weeks or months to achieve the effect.

• Beta blockers: Propranolol and metoprolol are often used to prevent migraine. They act by blocking the action of adrenaline, which can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Beta blockers can cause side effects, such as fatigue, dizziness and decreased blood pressure.

• Antidepressants: Amitriptylin and Wenlafaxin can be used to prevent migraine. They act by increasing the level of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Antidepressants can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation and drowsiness.

• Anticonvulsants: Topiramate and valproic acid can be used to prevent migraine. They act by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Anticonvulsants can cause side effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness and nausea.

• Calcium channel blockers: Flunarizine can be used to prevent migraine. It acts by blocking the flow of calcium into brain cells, which can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Calcium channel blockers can cause side effects, such as drowsiness, weight gain and depression.

• CGRP monolonal antibodies: Erenumab, Freanzumab, Galkanzumab and Eptynesumab – this is a new class of drugs designed specifically for migraine prevention. They act by blocking CGRP (calcitonin-hen-tied peptide), neuropeptide, which plays a key role in the development of migraine. CGRP monoclonal antibodies are introduced in the form of injections once a month or once every three months. They are usually well tolerated, but can cause side effects, such as pain in the injection site and constipation.

• Botulotoxin (Botox): Botox can be used to prevent chronic migraine. It is introduced in the form of injections into the muscles of the head and neck for about every three months. Botox acts by blocking the release of neurotransmitters that cause pain.

2.3. Side effects of drugs: balance between relief and risk

All drugs have potential side effects. It is important to discuss with the doctor possible side effects of drugs that you take to treat migraine. If you have any side effects, immediately inform your doctor about it. The doctor can change the dose of the medicine, prescribe another medicine or recommend other ways to cope with side effects.

2.4. Individual approach to treatment: selection of drugs and dosages

Migraine treatment should be individual. The doctor will select drugs and dosages that are best suited for you, based on your individual characteristics, such as the type of migraine, the frequency and severity of seizures, concomitant diseases and drugs taken. It is important to inform the doctor about any changes in your condition so that he can adjust the treatment if necessary.

Chapter 3: Non -healing methods for treating migraines: natural ways to relieve pain

In addition to drug treatment, there are many non -drug methods that can help relieve pain and prevent migraine attacks. These methods include a change in lifestyle, physiotherapy, alternative medicine and psychological methods.

3.1. Life Life Change: Health and Control of Migraine

• Avoiding triggers: The most important step in the non -drug treatment of migraines is the identification and avoidance of triggers. Keep a headache diary to track your attacks and identify possible triggers.

• Regular sleep: Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Compliance with the sleep mode can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.

• Healthy nutrition: Eat regularly and do not miss food meals. Avoid food triggers. Drink enough liquid to avoid dehydration.

• Regular physical exercises: Regular physical exercises can help reduce stress and improve sleep, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. Start with easy exercises, such as walking or swimming, and gradually increase intensity.

• Stress management: Stress is one of the most common migraine triggers. Look for stress control methods such as yoga, meditation, tai-chi or deep breath.

• Limiting the use of caffeine and alcohol: The use of caffeine and alcohol can provoke migraine in some people. Try to limit the use of these substances or completely abandon them.

3.2. Physiotherapy: improving posture and voltage removal

• Massage: Massage can help relieve tension in the muscles of the neck and shoulders, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.

• Physiotherapy: The physiotherapist can teach you exercises that will help improve your posture and strengthen the muscles of the neck and shoulders.

• Tenser therapy (transcuted electronostimulation): Tenses therapy uses electrical impulses to stimulate nerves and reduce pain.

• Biological feedback (BOS): Bos is a method that helps you learn to control your physiological functions, such as heart rate and muscle tension. Bos can help you reduce stress and stress, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.

3.3. Alternative medicine: acupuncture, herbs and other methods

• Acupuncture: The acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that includes the introduction of thin needles into certain points on the body. Acupuncture can help reduce pain and reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.

• Herbs and additives: Some herbs and additives can help prevent migraine attacks. These include:

  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2): Riboflavin can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.
  • Magnesium: Magnesium can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.
  • Coenzim q10: Coenzyme Q10 can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.
  • Beetroot: The drill can help reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.
  • Ginger: Ginger can help alleviate the nausea associated with migraine.

• Aromatherapy: Some essential oils, such as lavender and peppermint, can help reduce pain and reduce stress.

3.4. Psychological methods: Work with emotions and thoughts

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT): KPT is a type of psychotherapy that helps you change your thoughts and behavior that can contribute to the development of migraine. KPT can help you learn to cope with stress, anxiety and depression, which can be migraine triggers.

• Relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation and meditation, can help you reduce stress and stress, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks.

• Minfulness: Mindfulness is the practice of a conscious presence in the present moment. Mindfulness can help you learn to cope with pain and other symptoms of migraines.

Chapter 4: Migraine in special groups of the population: children, women and elderly people

Migraine can manifest itself differently in different groups of the population. It is important to consider these differences in the diagnosis and treatment of migraines.

4.1. Migraine in children: Features of diagnosis and treatment

Migraine in children can manifest itself differently than in adults. Children can experience headache in both sides of the head, and not only in one, like in adults. They can also experience other symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Diagnosis of migraine in children can be complicated, as children can experience difficulties with a description of their symptoms. The doctor can use a headache diary to track migraine attacks in a child and identify possible triggers.

Migraine treatment in children includes a change in lifestyle, drug treatment and alternative treatment methods.

• Life change change: It is important to help the child avoid migraine triggers, such as certain foods, stress and lack of sleep.
• Medication: To stop acute migraine attacks in children, painkillers, such as Ibuprofen or Paracetamol, can be used. Triptans can also be effective in treating migraines in children, but they should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. For migraine prevention, beta-blockers, antidepressants or anticonvulsants can be used in children.
• Alternative treatment methods: Alternative methods of treatment, such as acupuncture and biological feedback, can be effective in the treatment of migraine in children.

4.2. Migraine in women: hormonal factors and specific treatment methods

Migraine is more common in women than in men. This is due to hormonal changes that occur during the life of a woman, such as menstruation, pregnancy and menopause.

• Menstrual migraine: Micrual migraine is a type of migraine that is associated with the menstrual cycle. It usually occurs a few days before the start of menstruation or during the first few days of menstruation. Menstrual migraine can be caused by changes in estrogen levels.
• Migraine during pregnancy: Migraine can improve or worsen during pregnancy. Some women experience a decrease in the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, while others experience increased. Migraine treatment during pregnancy should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
• Migraine during menopause: Migraine can worsen or improve during menopause. Some women experience a decrease in the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, while others experience increased. Migraine treatment during menopause may include hormone therapy.

4.3. Migraine in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment features

Migraine in the elderly can be difficult to diagnose, since symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of other diseases. It is important to exclude other causes of headache, such as temporal arteritis and brain tumors.

Migraine treatment in the elderly should be carried out with caution, as older people are more susceptible to side effects of drugs. Treatment may include a change in lifestyle, drug treatment and alternative methods of treatment.

Chapter 5: Modern research of migraines: new horizons in understanding and treatment

Migraine studies are constantly developing, which leads to new discoveries and methods of treatment.

5.1. Genetics of migraines: identification of genes responsible for the predisposition to the disease

Studies have shown that migraine has a genetic predisposition. Several genes are identified that increase the risk of migraine. These genes are involved in various processes, such as regulation of the nervous system, inflammation and vascular function. Further research in the field of migraine genetics can lead to the development of new treatment methods aimed at specific genes or paths.

5.2. The role of CGRP in migraines: new CGRP blocking drugs

CGRP (Calcitonin-Gen-tied peptide) plays a key role in the development of migraine. CGRP is a neuropeptide that is released from the trigeminal nerve and causes inflammation and expansion of blood vessels in the brain. New drugs, such as CGRP monoclonal antibodies, block CGRP and can effectively prevent migraine attacks.

5.3. Neuromodulation: nerves stimulation to relieve pain

Neuromodulation is a method that uses electrical or magnetic impulses to stimulate nerves and reduce pain. Several methods of neuromodulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and stimulation of the vagus nerve (SBN), showed promising results in the treatment of migraines.

5.4. Artificial intelligence and migraine: forecasting attacks and individualization of treatment

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to predict migraine attacks and individualization of treatment. AI can analyze data about the patient, such as the headache diary, weather data and dream data to predict when a migraine attack may occur. AI can also be used to select the most effective treatment for a particular patient.

Chapter 6: Practical tips and recommendations: how to deal with migraine in everyday life

In addition to drug treatment and non -drug treatment methods, there are several practical tips and recommendations that can help you cope with migraine in everyday life.

6.1. Keeping a headache diary: tracking attacks and identifying triggers

Keeping a headache diary is an important tool for controlling migraines. A headache diary will help you track your migraine attacks and identify possible triggers. The headache diary should indicate the date and time of the attack, the intensity of pain, the localization of pain, concomitant symptoms, possible triggers and medications taken.

6.2. Creating a comfortable atmosphere during an attack: darkness, silence and coolness

During a migraine attack, it is important to create a comfortable atmosphere that will help you relieve pain. Find a quiet and dark place where you can relax. Use a cold compress on the forehead or neck. Drink enough liquid.

6.3. Planning and organization: time management and avoiding stress

Planning and organization can help you manage time and avoid stress, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. Make lists of affairs, place priorities and delegate the tasks. Try not to overload yourself with work and find time for relaxation and relaxation.

6.4. Support and communication: conversation with family, friends and specialists

Migraine can have a negative impact on your life. It is important to have support from the family, friends and specialists. Talk to your loved ones about your migraine. Join the support group. Contact a psychologist or psychotherapist if you need help in managing stress and anxiety.

6.5. Work and migraine: informing the employer and adaptation of the workplace

If you suffer from migraine, it is important to inform your employer about your condition. The employer can help you adapt the workplace to reduce the risk of migraine attacks. For example, the employer can provide you with a quiet and dark place to relax during an attack, allow you to work from home or change your work schedule.

6.6. Travel and Migraine: travel planning and prevention of seizures

Traveling can be a migraine trigger. It is important to plan your trips in advance and take measures to prevent migraine attacks. Pack your medicines for migraine in manually. Observe sleep mode. Eat regularly and drink enough liquid. Avoid food triggers.

6.7. Alternative methods of self -help: breathing exercises, meditation and yoga

Respiratory exercises, meditation and yoga can help you reduce stress and stress, which can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. Learn various breathing, meditation and yoga techniques and practice them regularly.

6.8. Migraine management technologies: applications and devices

There are many applications and devices that can help you control migraines. Applications can help you track your migraines attacks, identify triggers and record your medicines. Devices such as CEFALY can stimulate the trigeminal nerve and reduce pain.

Chapter 7: The Future of Migraine Treatment: Prospects and New Technologies

Migraine treatment continues to develop, and in the future new and more effective treatment methods are expected.

7.1. Personalized medicine: an individual approach to treatment based on genetics and phenotype

In the future, migraine treatment will be more personalized. Treatment will be based on the genetics and phenotype of the patient. This will allow you to choose the most effective treatment for a particular patient.

7.2. New drugs: development of innovative drugs that block new targets

The development of new drugs for the treatment of migraine continues. These drugs will block new targets, such as other neuropeptides and ion channels.

7.3. Digital healthcare: the use of mobile technologies and telemedicine for monitoring and treatment

Digital healthcare will play an increasingly important role in managing migraine. Mobile technologies and telemedicine will allow doctors to monitor the condition of patients and provide them with treatment remotely.

7.4. New technologies of neuromodulation: Improving nerves stimulation methods to facilitate pain

New technologies for neuromodulation are developing, which will be more effective and safe than existing methods. These technologies will use more accurate methods of stimulation of nerves to relieve pain.